scholarly journals Smoking in Italy in 2015-2016: Prevalence, Trends, Roll-your-own Cigarettes, and Attitudes towards Incoming Regulations

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lugo ◽  
Piergiorgio Zuccaro ◽  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
Giuseppe Gorini ◽  
Paolo Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Prevalence Trends ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Legislation ◽  
Cigarette Packs

Purpose In 2016, a series of selective tobacco regulations, which did not affect tobacco price, came into force in Italy. To understand how Italians accepted the new norms, we analyzed data from our 2 most recent surveys among those we annually conduct on tobacco. Methods In 2015 and 2016, we conducted 2 representative cross-sectional studies focused on the new forthcoming tobacco legislation on a total sample of 6,046 Italians aged ≥15 years. Results Overall, 21.4% of Italians (26.0% of men and 17.2% of women) were current smokers, showing a small but significant decrease in smoking prevalence since 2007 (p for trend = 0.004). No change in smoking prevalence was observed over the last decade among the young (i.e., 15-24 years; 20.1% in 2015-2016). Roll-your-own cigarettes were the most frequent tobacco product for 8.3% of adult smokers and 19.7% of young smokers. According to the attitudes of Italians towards the new regulations, 91.3% supported the smoking ban in cars in presence of minors, 90.2% a more stringent enforcement of the tobacco sales-to-minors regulation, 74.3% the introduction of shocking pictorial images on tobacco packs, and 63.2% the removal from the market of small cigarette packs, usually purchased by the young. Conclusions Smoking prevalence only marginally decreased over the last decade among adults, but did not decrease among the young. Roll-your-own tobacco is increasingly used by adults and young people. Before the entrance of the new norms, Italians largely supported them, particularly those targeting children.

scholarly journals College students’ knowledge and attitude towards new regulation on smoking ban in public places in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Sushma Dahal ◽  
Sabina Maharjan ◽  
Raj Kumar Subedi ◽  
Juna Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Implementation Status ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Nepal as a signatory to Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003 has passed a new tobacco control bill entitled “Tobacco product control and regulatory bill, 2010” in 2011. On this background, it is imperative to assess the knowledge and attitude of people towards this new regulation that forbids smoking in public places.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 students of higher secondary level in three randomly selected colleges of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Information on respondents’ awareness on current ban, source of information, implementation status and their attitude towards the new regulation were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of quantitative data was done using descriptive statistics whereas qualitative data were analyzed manually.Results: Majority of respondents (79.9%) said that there is ban on smoking in public places in Nepal. The most common source of information was television (72.3%), followed by friends (36.5%) and family members (33.9 %). Most of the respondents (67.4%) had frequently seen people smoking in public places and 48.8% had not seen or heard any penalty given to those people. Overall, 74.1% of the participants stated that the ban on smoking in public places was a ‘very good thing’. Majority of those who viewed that the ban was good, reasoned ‘it will protect people from diseases like cancer’. Those who viewed that the ban was not good, reasoned ‘people cannot be changed by compelling’ and ‘to smoke or not to smoke is people’s own will’.Conclusion: This study shows that majority of adolescents are aware of and have positive attitude towards new regulation on smoking ban in public places in Nepal. There is need of implementing the policy strictly by raising awareness among people and penalizing those who violate it.

scholarly journals Are Heated Tobacco Product Users Less Likely to Quit than Cigarette Smokers? Findings from THINK (Tobacco and Health IN Korea) Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8622
Author(s):  
Cheol Min Lee ◽  
Choon-Young Kim ◽  
Kiheon Lee ◽  
Sungroul Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
The Difference

Since the advent of heated tobacco products in June 2017 in South Korea, the sale of heated tobacco products accounted for 10.5% of total tobacco sales in 2019. However, the decreasing trend in total tobacco sales is gradually weakening and the number of visitors using stop smoking services has also dropped. This study examines the association between the use of new tobacco products and related products and cessation behaviors. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted from March 2019 to July 2019 for 2831 adult tobacco users. The difference in rates of quit attempts using the type of tobacco products and related products in the past year were noted (55.6% (any cigarette smoker), 46.7% (any e-cigarette user), and 39.6% (any heated tobacco product user)). About a 30% increase in quit attempts was observed for the triple users of either conventional cigarette or heated tobacco product than exclusive users. Exclusive heated tobacco product and e-cigarette users were approximately 40% and 20% less likely to quit the product they used than exclusive cigarette smokers, respectively. These findings can explain recent occurrences in South Korea, such as the reduction of visitors at smoking cessation clinics and the attenuation of the decline in tobacco sales.

Long-term impact of plain packaging of cigarettes with larger graphic health warnings: findings from cross-sectional surveys of Australian adolescents between 2011 and 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e1) ◽  
pp. e77-e84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria M White ◽  
Nicola Guerin ◽  
Tahlia Williams ◽  
Melanie A Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
School Based ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Cigarette Packs ◽  
Positive Character

ObjectiveTo assess the long-term impact of plain packaging (PP) of cigarettes with larger graphic health warnings (HW) introduced in December 2012 on adolescents’ relevant tobacco-related perceptions.MethodsCross-sectional school-based surveys of 12 to 17 year olds in 2011 (n=4413), 2013 (n=4423), 2014 (n=4576) and 2017 (n=4266). Students rated the character of four popular cigarette brands, indicated their agreement regarding brand differences in smoking ease, quitting, addictiveness, harmfulness and pack attractiveness and positive/negative perceptions of pack image. The frequency of students reading, attending to, thinking and talking about HW was assessed. Responses of students seeing cigarette packs in the previous 6 months (2011: 63%; 2013: 67%, 2014: 56%, 2017: 56%) were examined.ResultsSmoking prevalence declined from 2011 to 2017. Among students who had recently seen packs, cigarette packs were rated less positively and more negatively in 2017 than in 2011 (p<0.001) with ratings similar between 2013 and 2017. Positive character ratings for each brand reduced between 2011 and 2013 (ps<0.05) with further reductions between 2013 and 2017 (ps<0.05). Fewer students agreed, and more were uncertain, that brands differed in their smoking ease, addictiveness, harmfulness and pack attractiveness in 2017 than 2011. The frequency of students reading, attending, talking or thinking about HW did not change between 2011 and 2017.ConclusionsPP’s initial impact in reducing adolescent’s positive perceptions of cigarette packs and brand differences continued in the following years with tobacco packaging less appealing to young people in 2017 than 2011 and students more uncertain about brand differences.

scholarly journals Determinants of smoking and smoking cessation among health professionals in Serbia: A cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
Srmena Krstev ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Snezana Simic ◽  
Ana Jovicevic ◽  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence

Background/Aim. Bearing in mind a high smoking prevalence in Serbia (34% in adult population; men 38%, women 30%) and leading role of health professionals in intervention and prevention, a cross-sectional study was performed smong the representative sample of health professionals in Serbia. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of smoking and smoking cessation prior to the total smoking ban in November 2010. Methods. In this nationwide study, 3,084 physicians and nurses from 4 types of institutions and four geographical regions were selected and 2,282 included (response rate 74.0%). Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Standard statistical methods were used to calculate prevalence rates, and multivariate logistic regressions to evaluate independent predictors of smoking pattern. Risks were expressed as odds ratios (OR) which represent approximation of relative risks of exposed persons with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. We found a high smoking prevalence of 38.0%, the same for women and men (37.8% and 37.6%, respectively; p = 0.138), higher among nurses (41.7%) than physicians (29.1%) (p = 0.000), as well as among those employed in general hospitals (42.6%) and institutes of public health (43.8%) (p = 0.000). Significantly increased risk of being an ever or current smoker was noticed for nurses (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.42-2.14; and OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.52-2.40, respectively), those employed in general hospitals (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.09-1.73 and OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.79, respectively), and with worse self-estimated health (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.30; and OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.34, respectively). Intentions to quit smoking or to reduce the number of cigarettes were more frequent in women (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.01-2.27) and participants who worse evaluated their health (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.39- 2.18). Conclusion. High smoking prevalence in health professionals could be a barrier for the full implementation of smoking ban in health institutions in Serbia. Smoking cessation programs at workplaces, formal education in smoking cessation techniques, and better Law enforcement by health administrations should be implemented.

OPINI PEMILIK DAN PENJAGA WARUNG SERTA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERINGATAN KESEHATAN BERGAMBAR PADA BUNGKUS ROKOK DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gayatri Ayodhya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Evaluation Survey ◽  
Cigarette Packs

Pictorial health warnings must be included in the packaging of tobacco products. It has been regulated by Health Minister of Republic Indonesia number 28 of 2013 about Inclusion of Pictorial Health Warnings and Health Information on Tobacco Product Packaging since June 24, 2014. The purpose of this study was to look an overview opinions regarding pictorial health warnings to Banyuwangi shop owners, shopkeepers and community. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the policy evaluation survey, ban on outdoor cigarette advertising in Banyuwangi. The respondent was interviewed about the opinion consisted of 114 shop owners and shopkeepers who displayed cigarette advertisements and 131 community randomly selected. The results showed 86.9% of shop owners, 85.7% of shopkeepers and 87.8% of community agreed or strongly agreed with the pictorial health warnings and if the picture was enlarged, as many as 67.7% of shop owners, 61.9% of shopkeepers and 72.5% of community agreed or strongly agreed. 56.9% of shop owners and 28.6% of shopkeepers, and 40.5% community stated the pictorial health warnings didn’t make them not smoke. In addition, as many as 45.2% of shop owners and 42.9% of shopkeepers and 52.7% of community agreed or strongly agreed that cigarette packs were not displayed in stalls. 87,3% respondent agree that pictures of health warnings on cigarette packs but only 69,8% agree if the picture is enlarged. The picture is not enough to prevent people from smoking. Nearly half of the respondent agreed to ban the display of cigarette packs in stalls.

scholarly journals Public smoking ban and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence and cessation: a cross-sectional population-based study in Geneva, Switzerland (1995–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Sandoval ◽  
Teresa Leão ◽  
Stéphane Cullati ◽  
Jean-Marc Theler ◽  
Stéphane Joost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Progressive Return ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Prevalence Proportion

IntroductionSmoking bans were suggested to reduce smoking prevalence and increase quit ratio but their equity impact remains unclear. We aimed to characterise the socioeconomic status (SES)-related inequalities in smoking prevalence and quit ratio before and after the implementation of a public smoking ban.MethodsWe included data from 17 544 participants in the population-based cross-sectional Bus Santé study in Geneva, Switzerland, between 1995 and 2014. We considered educational attainment (primary, secondary and tertiary) as a SES indicator. Outcomes were smoking prevalence (proportion of current smokers) and quit ratio (ex-smokers to ever-smokers ratio). We used segmented linear regression to assess the overall impact of smoking ban on outcome trends. We calculated the relative (RII) and slope (SII, absolute difference) indexes of inequality, quantifying disparities between educational groups in outcomes overall (1995–2014), before and after ban implementation (November 2009).ResultsLeast educated participants displayed higher smoking prevalence (RII=2.04, P<0.001; SII=0.15, P<0.001) and lower quit ratio (RII=0.73, P<0.001; SII=−0.18, P<0.001). As in other studies, smoking ban implementation coincided with a temporary reduction of smoking prevalence (P=0.003) and increase in quit ratio (P=0.02), with a progressive return to preban levels. Inequalities increased (P<0.05) in relative terms for smoking prevalence (RIIbefore=1.84, P<0.001 and RIIafter=3.01, P<0.001) and absolute terms for both outcomes (smoking prevalence: SIIbefore=0.14, P<0.001 and SIIafter=0.19, P<0.001; quit ratio: SIIbefore=−0.15, P<0.001 and SIIafter=−0.27, P<0.001).ConclusionsImplementation of a public smoking ban coincided with a short-lived decrease in smoking prevalence and increase in quit ratio but also with a widening in SES inequalities in smoking-related outcomes.

scholarly journals Illicit tobacco trade: empty pack survey in eight Argentinean cities

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056405
Author(s):  
Maria Elisabet Pizarro ◽  
Gabriel Giacobone ◽  
Cinthia Shammah ◽  
Michal Stoklosa
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Illicit Tobacco Trade ◽  
Cigarette Packs

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of illicit tobacco trade (ITT) and different ITT modes—tax stamp counterfeiting and smuggling—in Argentina.DesignCross-sectional study using an empty tobacco pack survey with a simple random cluster sampling design. Classification as licit/illicit using forensic analysis of tax stamps and packs and econometric modelling.SettingCities of Buenos Aires, La Matanza, Cordoba, Rosario, Mendoza, Neuquen, Posadas, Salta; January–June 2019.ResultsOf a total sample of 15 658 packs, 83.2% were manufactured in Argentina and 16.8% were foreign packs. Overall ITT prevalence—weighted by district population size—was estimated at 13.7%, where 6.1% was attributable to stamp counterfeiting—that is, a forged stamp not issued by the national tax authority—and 7.6% to contraband smuggling of foreign cigarette packs—that is, illicit trade of packs across national borders.ConclusionsThe ITT problem in Argentina seems to be equally represented by counterfeiting of tobacco tax stamps on packs with domestic features and smuggling of foreign cigarette packs. Foreign cigarettes represent a minor component of the pack sampled in most of the country, except in Salta and Posadas, which are located close to the border with Paraguay. It is essential to implement an effective track-and-trace system including the monitoring of tax stamp authenticity and increase border control to block the entry of smuggled products, particularly from Paraguay. Reducing ITT is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of tobacco taxation measures.

Rorschach-CS Scores of Six Groups of Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar C. Berghout ◽  
Jolien Zevalkink ◽  
Abraham N. J. Pieters ◽  
Gregory J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

In this study we used a quasiexperimental, cross-sectional design with six cohorts differing in phase of treatment (pretreatment, posttreatment, 2-year posttreatment) and treatment type (psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy) and investigated scores on 39 Rorschach-CS variables. The total sample consisted of 176 participants from four mental health care organizations in The Netherlands. We first examined pretreatment differences between patients entering psychoanalysis and patients entering psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The two treatment groups did not seem to differ substantially before treatment, with the exception of the level of ideational problems. Next, we studied the outcome of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy by comparing the Rorschach-CS scores of the six groups of patients. In general, we found significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment on a relatively small number of Rorschach-CS variables. More pre/post differences were found between the psychoanalytic psychotherapy groups than between the psychoanalysis groups. More research is needed to examine whether analyzing clusters of variables might reveal other results.

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