The Effect of Unilateral Osteoarthritis of the Hip on Postural Balance Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Truszczyńska ◽  
Zbigniew Trzaskoma ◽  
Jerzy Białecki ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽  
Emilia Dadura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Lateral Plane ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Background Postural stability is of great importance because imbalances and muscle weakness are significant risk factors for falls experienced by the elderly. Hip arthrosis, which causes pain and gait disorders that affect balance control, is common in the ageing population. Aim The aim of this study was to assess postural stability in patients with unilateral hip arthrosis before total hip arthroplasty. Methods The study population consisted of 52 patients with hip arthrosis (study group) and 47 subjects with no history of clinical symptoms of hip pain. The groups did not differ statistically in terms of age and BMI. Static balance was assessed by conducting a quantitative analysis of balance reaction parameters in a quiet standing position with the eyes open and closed. Results Analysis of the collected data revealed numerous statistically significant differences between patients with unilateral hip arthrosis before total hip arthoplasty and the asymptomatic group for parameters tested with eyes closed (p<0.05). We observed higher values of total length of centre of pressure (COP), sway path (SP), length of COP path in the medial-lateral plane (SPML), maximal amplitude between the 2 most distant points in the medial-lateral plane (MaxML), mean COP velocity (MV), and mean COP velocity in medial-lateral (MVML) in the study group.

scholarly journals Postural Stability Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Vestibular Schwannoma Microsurgery Employing the Inertial Measurement Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Kutilek ◽  
Zdenek Svoboda ◽  
Ondrej Cakrt ◽  
Karel Hana ◽  
Martin Chovanec
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Physical Quantities

The article focuses on a noninvasive method and system of quantifying postural stability of patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma microsurgery. Recent alternatives quantifying human postural stability are rather limited. The major drawback is that the posturography system can evaluate only two physical quantities of body movement and can be measured only on a transverse plane. A complex movement pattern can be, however, described more precisely while using three physical quantities of 3-D movement. This is the reason why an inertial measurement unit (Xsens MTx unit), through which we obtained 3-D data (three Euler angles or three orthogonal accelerations), was placed on the patient’s trunk. Having employed this novel method based on the volume of irregular polyhedron of 3-D body movement during quiet standing, it was possible to evaluate postural stability. To identify and evaluate pathological balance control of patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma microsurgery, it was necessary to calculate the volume polyhedron using the 3-D Leibniz method and to plot three variables against each other. For the needs of this study, measurements and statistical analysis were made on nine patients. The results obtained by the inertial measurement unit showed no evidence of improvement in postural stability shortly after surgery (4 days). The results were consistent with the results obtained by the posturography system. The evaluated translation variables (acceleration) and rotary variables (angles) measured by the inertial measurement unit correlate strongly with the results of the posturography system. The proposed method and application of the inertial measurement unit for the purpose of measuring patients with vestibular schwannoma appear to be suitable for medical practice. Moreover, the inertial measurement unit is portable and, when compared to other traditional posturography systems, economically affordable. Inertial measurement units can alternatively be implemented in mobile phones or watches.

scholarly journals Impact of Spasticity on Balance Control during Quiet Standing in Persons after Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rahimzadeh Khiabani ◽  
George Mochizuki ◽  
Farooq Ismail ◽  
Chris Boulias ◽  
Chetan P. Phadke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Power Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Roll Velocity

Background. Balance impairments, falls, and spasticity are common after stroke, but the effect of spasticity on balance control after stroke is not well understood.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, twenty-seven participants with stroke were divided into two groups, based on ankle plantar flexor spasticity level. Fifteen individuals with high spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score of ≥2) and 12 individuals with low spasticity (MAS score <2) completed quiet standing trials with eyes open and closed conditions. Balance control measures included centre of pressure (COP) root mean square (RMS), COP velocity, and COP mean power frequency (MPF) in anterior-posterior and mediolateral (ML) directions. Trunk sway was estimated using a wearable inertial measurement unit to measure trunk angle, trunk velocity, and trunk velocity frequency amplitude in pitch and roll directions.Results. The high spasticity group demonstrated greater ML COP velocity, trunk roll velocity, trunk roll velocity frequency amplitude at 3.7 Hz, and trunk roll velocity frequency amplitude at 4.9 Hz, particularly in the eyes closed condition (spasticitybyvisioninteraction). ML COP MPF was greater in the high spasticity group.Conclusion. Individuals with high spasticity after stroke demonstrated greater impairment of balance control in the frontal plane, which was exacerbated when vision was removed.

scholarly journals Chronic Stimulation of the Left Vagus Nerve: Cognitive Motor Effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT:Background:Stimulation of the left vagus nerve (VNS) has been shown to control seizures in double blinded crossover studies in man. Animal studies have reported vagal afferent induced depression of nociceptive and motor reflexes which may be caused by an effect on the descending reticular system controlling spinal cord function. Anticonvulsant drug therapy may cause postural instability. The effects of VNS are assessed not only from the perspective of seizure control but also from the view of potential harm to other bodily systems. Long term (2¼ years) effects of VNS were compared to postural stability analyses.Methods:8 subjects, 2 were females, mean age 34.5 ± 8.23 SD years, with intractable complex partial seizures, taking 3 anticonvulsant drugs were assessed for postural stability in quiet standing and while moving forwards, backwards and sideways with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Data were collected and collated using an AMTI Biomechanics immovable forceplate, Newton M.A. U.S.A. The study design was longitudinal with pre-operative baseline data collected prior to neurostimulation and at intervals post operatively.Results:4/8 balance measures showed significant changes from pre-operative values and after 2¼ years of stimulation. Area of sway (EO) in quiet standing p = .022 and total sway (EC) in the moving state p = .019 and total sway (EC) in quiet standing showed an increase in sway p = .003. Area of sway (EC) p = .004 tended to decrease. Regression analysis for frequency of stimulation showed an increase in sway with higher frequencies T = 1.99, P = .05.Conclusion:Chronic VNS does not augment postural instability.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Static Balance in Patients after Total Hip Replacement in the Period of 2-3 Years after Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Pop ◽  
Daniel Szymczyk ◽  
Joanna Majewska ◽  
Agnieszka Bejer ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Asymptomatic Control

Introduction. The aim of this study was to assess static balance of patients after Total Hip Replacement (THR) compared with the age-matched, asymptomatic control group, considering the subject’s gender and the time since the surgery. Materials and Methods. The Total Hip Replacement (THR) group consisted of 55 subjects (mean age: 56.3±8.7 years) and the control group consisted of 48 subjects (mean age: 58±6.2 years). For the assessment of static balance, a stabilometric force platform was used. All subjects performed two 30-second trials in the double-leg stance position with eyes opened and closed. In the study group, the stabilometric assessment was performed once within the period of 24 to 36 months after the surgery. Results. Subjects from the study group had significantly increased mediolateral COP velocity in the test with eyes opened, as well as the values of most of the COP parameters (excluding COP path area) in the test with eyes closed, compared to the control group. Higher values of the selected COP parameters were observed in the male subjects from the study group. Conclusion. In contrast to a number of papers, our study revealed some deficits in static balance in patients after THR up to 2-3 years after surgery.

scholarly journals Force Plate Assessment of Quiet Standing Balance Control: Perspectives on Clinical Application within Stroke Rehabilitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. RPO.S20363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril Mansfield ◽  
Elizabeth L. Inness
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Eyes Closed

Assessment of balance control is essential to guide physical rehabilitation poststroke. However, current observational assessment tools available to physiotherapists provide limited information about underlying dyscontrol. This paper describes a force plate-based assessment of quiet standing balance control that we have implemented for individuals attending inpatient stroke rehabilitation. The assessment uses two force plates to measure location of ground reaction forces to maintain stability in quiet standing in five conditions (eyes open, eyes closed, standing symmetrically, and maximal loading on the less-affected and more-affected limbs). Measures of interest are variability of the centers of pressure under each foot and both feet combined, weight-bearing asymmetry, and correlation of center of pressure fluctuations between limbs. We present representative values for the above-mentioned measures and case examples to illustrate how the assessment can reveal patient-specific balance control problems and direct treatment. We identify limitations to our current assessment and recommendations for future research.

POSTURAL STABILITY STRATEGIES IN TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTEES DURING QUIET STANDING IN ALTERED SENSORY CONDITIONS WEARING THREE TYPES OF PROSTHETIC FEET

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950071
Author(s):  
NOORANIDA ARIFIN ◽  
NOOR AZUAN ABU OSMAN ◽  
SADEEQ ALI
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Compliant Surface ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Prosthetic Feet ◽  
Transtibial Amputees

Individuals with transtibial amputation exhibit altered movement strategy to sustain stability during quiet standing due to reduced proprioception on the amputated limb. The aim of this study is to determine the movement strategies in anterior–posterior and medial–lateral directions in predicting the overall postural stability. In this crossover study, postural stability of ten transtibial amputees was assessed using computed posturography while wearing different prosthetic foot types: solid ankle cushion heel (SACH), single axis (SA) and energy storage and return (ESAR). Three stability indices were measured during four conditions: standing with eyes opened and closed, standing on compliant surface and standing with tilted head. From the standard multiple regression analysis, 63% to 99% of the OSI score in all sensory conditions were explained from the MLSI score, while 11% to 56% from the APSI score. The Pearson’s [Formula: see text] indicated significant strong positive relationship between OSI and MLSI [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] during all sensory conditions. The APSI score was significantly lower than OSI during eyes-closed and head extended conditions for all prosthetic feet [Formula: see text]. Adjustments in postural stability strategies in transtibial amputees mostly occurred in medial–lateral direction regardless of prosthetic feet types and altered sensory conditions.

scholarly journals Large postural sways prevent foot tactile information from fading: neurophysiological evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Fabre ◽  
Marine Antoine ◽  
Mathieu Germain Robitaille ◽  
Edith Ribot-Ciscar ◽  
Rochelle Ackerley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Receptor Adaptation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Somatosensory Areas

Abstract Cutaneous foot receptors are important for balance control and their activation during quiet standing depends on the speed and the amplitude of postural oscillations. We hypothesized that the transmission of cutaneous input to the cortex is reduced during prolonged small postural sways, due to receptor adaptation during continued skin compression. Central mechanisms would trigger large sways to reactivate the receptors. We compared the amplitude of P50N90 somatosensory cortical potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the foot sole during small and large sways in 16 young adults standing still with their eyes closed. We observed greater P50N90 amplitudes during large sways compared to small sways consistent with increased cutaneous transmission during large sways. Postural oscillations computed 200 ms before large sways had smaller amplitudes than those before small sways, providing sustained compression within a small foot sole area. Cortical source analyses revealed that during this interval the activity of the somatosensory areas decreased, whereas the activity of cortical areas engaged in motor planning (supplementary motor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) increased. We concluded that large sways during quiet standing represent self-generated functional behavior aiming at releasing skin compression to reactivate mechanoreceptors. Such balance motor commands create sensory reafference that help control postural sway.

IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FOREFOOT WEDGES ON STANDING STABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850014
Author(s):  
Chu-Fen Chang ◽  
Hui-Ji Fan ◽  
Hung-Bin Chen ◽  
Houu-Wooi Lim ◽  
Hsiao-Yuan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Arch Support ◽  
Forward Falls

The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of wearing the functional insoles with different slopes of forefoot wedges on postural stability in young adults during quiet stance. In this study, the functional insole was composed of a forefoot wedge and a medial arch support. Twelve healthy young adults (six males and six females) participated. Each subject wore sneakers with and without functional insole and stood as still as possible on a force plate with feet together, arms by side and head facing ahead for 60[Formula: see text]s, while eyes open and eyes closed, respectively. The functional insole was applied in the random sequence of no insole, wearing insole with a medial arch and a four-degree forefoot wedge, as well as wearing insole with a medial arch and an eight-degree forefoot wedge. The sway areas as well as the maximal excursions of the center of pressure (COP) in anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) directions were used to evaluate the static postural stability. During stance with feet together and eyes closed, the sway area and maximal excursion of the COP in the AP direction were significantly decreased when wearing an eight-degree forefoot wedge functional insole. Since the reduced displacements of the COP indicated better postural control, it was suggested that the functional insole with an eight-degree forefoot wedge and a medial arch support might be beneficial to improve the postural stability in patients with impaired balance control, especially for whom having high risk of forward falls.

Estimation of Hip and Ankle Visco-Elastic Parameters During Quiet Standing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Cerda-Lugo ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez ◽  
Antonio Cardenas ◽  
Davide Piovesan
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Inverted Pendulum Model ◽  
Modes Of Vibration

Balance control naturally deteriorates with age, so it comes as no surprise that nearly 30% of the elderly population in the United States report stability problems that lead to difficulty performing daily activities or even falling. Postural stability is an integral task to daily living which is reliant upon the control of the ankle and hip. To this end, the estimation of ankle and hip parameters in quiet standing can be a useful tool when analyzing compensatory actions aimed at maintaining postural stability. Using an analytical approach, this work builds upon the results obtained by the authors and expands it to a two degrees of freedom system where the first two modes of vibration of a standing human are considered. The physiological parameters a second-order Kelvin-Voigt model were estimated for the actuation of the ankle and hip. Estimates were obtained during quiet standing when healthy volunteers were subjected to a step-like perturbation. This paper presents the analysis of a second-order nonlinear system of differential equations representing the control of lumped muscle-tendon units at the ankle and hip. This paper utilizes motion capture measurements to obtain the estimates of the control parameters of the system. The dynamic measurements are utilized to construct a simple time-dependent regression that allows calculating the time-varying estimates of the control and body segment parameters with a single perturbation. This work represents a step forward in estimating the control parameters of human quiet standing where, usually, the analysis is either restricted to the first vibrational mode of an inverted pendulum model or the control parameters are assumed to be time-invariant. The proposed method allows for the analysis of hip related movement in the control of stability and highlights the importance of core muscle training.

scholarly journals Effect of participating in fitness classes on postural stability of young women

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Truszczyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Jarmuziewicz ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stability Testing ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Balance ◽  
Positive Effect

Summary Study aim: the aim of the study was to compare the postural stability and ability to control balance in active women who attend fitness classes versus inactive women. Material and methods: the study included 41 women who exercise regularly (mean age 28.64±5.26 years). The control group consisted of 42 women not engaged in regular physical activity (mean age 28.55±5.05 years). In each subject, postural stability testing was performed using the Stabilometric Platform CQStab2P (the 2-platform version). Authors analysed the mean, median and standard deviation for each parameter of the stabilogram and statokinesiogram. Results: for most of the studied parameters, the statistical analysis showed a positive effect of exercising on the level of fitness compared to the control group, for both the test with eyes open and the test with eyes closed. Conclusions: attending fitness classes significantly affects postural stability and balance control in young women, and leads to lesser dependence on sight to maintain it.

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