Statistics of TNO stereotest for the diagnosis of microesotropia in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Piantanida ◽  
Manuela Spera ◽  
Roberta Nobili ◽  
Giulia Gerosa
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination

Purpose: To analyze statistically the real effectiveness of TNO stereotest for the diagnosis of microesotropia in young patients in daily practice. Methods: We considered 312 patients whose age ranged from 3 to 18 years (mean age 7.5 years) suspected to be microesotropic. All underwent a full orthoptic and ophthalmologic examination. The TNO stereotest was presented at a distance of 40 cm with the patient wearing red-green glasses. The Paliaga 8-D base-in test was considered the gold standard diagnostic test to detect microesotropia. Results: The specificity of the TNO stereotest from the collected data was 98%, the sensitivity 94%, the positive predictive value 80%, the negative predictive value 99%, and the likelihood ratio 47. Conclusions: It is important to use the TNO stereotest in clinical daily practice to detect microesotropia, but considering some bias: the age of the young patients, the difficulties encountered in understanding some figures, and the presence of a stereoscopic status even in microtropic subjects.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of septic markers for neonatal sepsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Thermiany AS ◽  
W Retayasa ◽  
M Kardana ◽  
IN Lila
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Suspected Sepsis

Background Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity andmortality. A positive blood culture is the gold standard fordiagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The signs and symptoms suggestingneonatal sepsis are non-specific. There is no rapid and reliablelaboratory test findings for confirmation of etiologic diagnosis.Clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory examinations are notperceived as sensitive or specific for diagnosis of sepsis.Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracyof the septic markers for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Methods Blood culture was used as gold standard to compareseptic markers to diagnose neonatal sepsis. Sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV),positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR), and accuracy werecalculated.Results We identified 130 cases suspected of neonatal sepsis duringSeptember 2005 until March 2006. Four patients were excludedbecause of major congenital anomalies. The mean age was 2.2 daysand 51.6% were boys. We found fifty six (44.4%) neonates havepositive blood culture. All of septic markers had sensitivity morethan 80%. Immature to Total Neutrophil ratio (Iff) ratio had thehighest sensitivity (96.4%) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) had thelowest sensitivity (80.4o/o). Combination among leukocyte count,thrombocyte, and Iff ratio had the highest sensitivity (sensitivitywas 85. 7%, specificity was 97.1 o/o, positive predictive value was95.9%, negative predictive value was 89.5%, accuracy was 94.4%,and positive likelihood ratio was 30.0).Conclusion Septic markers can be used in the diagnosticevaluation of neonates with suspected sepsis.

scholarly journals The sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasite in comparison to slide microscopy as gold standard

10.17158/522 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark De Real
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>The main objective of this study was to test the sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasite in comparison to slide microscopy as gold standard. Data were acquired from blood mass survey of malaria infection conducted in the community of Paquibato district, Davao City. There were 377 total participants examined through Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and slide microscopy. Of the 377 participants tested, 16 (4.24%) of them were positive to Plasmodium falciparum and 68 (18.04%) were positive to Plasmodium vivax using slide microscopy. Of the 16 participants’ positive for P. faciparum, PfRDT (HRP-2) correctly identified 13 expressing 81.25% (low) sensitivity of the tool. Of the 68 participants’ positive for P. vivax, PvRDT (pLDH) correctly identified 65 expressing 95.59% (high) sensitivity. Both of the RDTs (HRP-2 and pLDH), however, attained 100% specificity. PfRDT (HRP-2) has a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99.2%, likewise PvRDT (pLDH) has a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99.04%, all in all, suggesting a high degree of reliability of SD BIOLINE Malaria Antigen P.f/P.v. the data showed no significant difference on the performance level of RDT, albeit less sensitive, compared to slide microscopy.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Health, malaria, sensitivity, specificity, HRP-2, pLDH, descriptive Davao City, Philippines.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Agreement in the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in central incisors performed by a standardized photographic method and clinical examination

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Castro Martins ◽  
Loliza Chalub ◽  
Ynara Bosco Lima-Arsati ◽  
Isabela Almeida Pordeus ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Photographic Method ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

The aim of this study was to assess agreement in the diagnosis of dental fluorosis performed by a standardized digital photographic method and a clinical examination (gold standard). 49 children (aged 7-9 years) were clinically evaluated by a trained examiner for the assessment of dental fluorosis. Central incisors were evaluated for the presence or absence of dental fluorosis and were photographed with a digital camera. Photographs were presented to three pediatric dentists, who examined the images. Data were analyzed using Cohen's kappa and validity values. Agreement in the diagnosis performed by the photographic method and clinical examination was good (0.67) and accuracy was 83.7%. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was reported to be higher in the clinical examination (49%) compared with the photographic method (36.7%). The photographic method presented higher specificity (96%) than sensitivity (70.8%), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.4% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 77.4%. The diagnosis of dental fluorosis performed using the photographic method presented high specificity and PPV, which indicates that the method is reproducible and reliable for recording dental fluorosis.

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical examination, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy as diagnostic tools in shoulder pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Sondipon Biswas ◽  
Naman Kanodia ◽  
Rajat Tak ◽  
Siddharth Agrawal ◽  
Kiran Shankar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Shoulder Pathologies

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Shoulder pathologies can cause significant pain, discomfort, and affect the activity of daily living. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of clinical examination, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with shoulder arthroscopy in diagnosing various shoulder pathologies, considering shoulder arthroscopy as the gold standard tool.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective, comparative study conducted over 35 patients, between 18-75 years of age presenting with chronic shoulder pain or instability of more than 2 months duration. All patients were examined clinically, followed by high resolution ultrasound, MRI, arthroscopy of the affected shoulder.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography (USG) for diagnosing full thickness tear was 100% each and for MRI was 88% and 100% respectively. For subacromial impingement USG had sensitivity of 66.67%, specificity of 94.12%, positive predictive value of 50% and negative predictive value of 88.89%. For rotator cuff tear USG had sensitivity of 92.86%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 81.25% and negative predictive value of 75% considering shoulder arthroscopy as gold standard.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> USG and MRI both are sensitive techniques for diagnosing of rotator cuff pathologies. USG has high accuracy in diagnosing partial thickness tears as compare to MRI. MRI proved to be superior in estimation of site and extent of tear. Considering shoulder arthroscopy as gold standard, it can be reserved for patients with suspicious of USG/MRI findings or those who may need surgical intervention simultaneously.</p>

scholarly journals Immunocytochemistry Test of Protein BRAF Expression for Diagnosis of Well Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wayan Sudarsa ◽  
Elvis Deddy Kurniawan Pualillin ◽  
Putu Anda Tusta Adiputra ◽  
Ida Bagus Tjakra Wibawa Manuaba
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Background: Thyroid carcinoma generally has a good prognosis. The main focus of current research on thyroid carcinoma is to increase the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. When the result of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is indeterminate, clinicians often have doubts in determining the surgical management. Objective: Protein BRAF expression analysis can help improve the accuracy of FNAB and optimize the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test performed from October 2016 at Sanglah General Hospital with 38 patients as subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data is being presented in descriptive form before diagnostic test is done to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the accuracy of immunocytochemistry test for BRAF on indeterminate thyroid nodule. Results: Thirty-eight samples met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Three samples were male (7.9%) and 35 samples (92.1%) were female. The mean age of the sample was 45.21 years (SD ±10.910 years) with ages ranging from 23 to 66 years. Of the 12 samples undergoing isthmolobectomy, 7 samples (58.4%) were determined to be malignant from histopathological results. The sensitivity value of BRAF immunocytochemistry test is 45.45% with a specificity value of 81.25%, a positive predictive value of 76.92%, a negative predictive value of 52% and an accuracy of 60.50%. Analysis of the receiver operator (ROC) curve shows the area under the curve (AUC) of 63.4% with a confidence interval of 45.5–81.2%. Conclusion: Immunocytochemistry BRAF test have a reliable diagnostic value and can be taken into consideration in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancies.

scholarly journals Utility of the methylated SEPT9 test for the early detection of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Hariharan ◽  
Mark Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundCirculating tumour DNA from colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biomarker for early detection of the disease and therefore potentially useful for screening. One such biomarker is the methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) gene, which occurs during CRC tumourigenesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mSEPT9 tests for the early diagnosis of CRC.MethodsA systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted using Medline and Embase databases. Data were extracted from the eligible studies and analysed to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic test accuracy.ResultsBased on 19 studies, the pooled estimates (and 95% CIs) for mSEPT9 to detect CRC were: sensitivity 69% (62–75); specificity 92% (89–95); positive likelihood ratio 9.1 (6.1–13.8); negative likelihood ratio 0.34 (0.27–0.42); diagnostic OR 27 (15–48) and area under the curve 0.89 (0.86–0.91). The test has a positive predictive value of 2.6% and negative predictive value of 99.9% in an average risk population (0.3% CRC prevalence), and 9.5% (positive predictive value) and 99.6% (negative predictive value) in a high-risk population (1.2% CRC prevalence).ConclusionThe mSEPT9 test has high specificity and moderate sensitivity for CRC and is therefore a potential alternative screening method for those declining faecal immunochemical test for occult blood (FIT) or other screening modalities. However, it is limited by its poor diagnostic performance for precancerous lesions (advanced adenomas and polyps) and its relatively high costs, and little is known about its acceptability to those declining to use the FIT.

scholarly journals Comparison of International Federation of cervical pathology and colposcopy nomenclature (2011) and Swede score for assessment of cervical lesions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
Rashmi Shreya ◽  
Shalini Rajaram ◽  
Anshuja Singla ◽  
Sandhya Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Strength Of Association

Abstract Purpose: Standardization of colposcopic evaluation is important as it is observer dependent.The aim of the study was to compare the strength of association of colposcopic findings by International Federation of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (IFCPC) nomenclature and Swede score. Methods: In the prospective study, 150 women aged 30 to 60 years with abnormal screening results underwent colposcopy, the findings were evaluated using both IFCPC and Swede score and biopsy was taken from abnormal areas. Performances by both the methods were calculated taking biopsy as gold standard. Results: Nineteen ≥ CIN2 lesions were detected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detecting ≥ CIN2 lesion by IFCPC scoring was 63.6%, 96.0%, 78.7%, 91.9%. Using Swede score, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value at cut off of 8 were 42.4, 95%, 96.6% and 81.8% while at cut-off of 5, these were 96%, 88.3%,76.7% and 93.6%. The agreement between IFCPC major lesion and Swede score ≥ 8 for ≥ CIN2 was 0.626 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Swede score is an easier and more objective method for colposcopic evaluation and a score >8 can be applied to the screen and treat programme.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ULTRASOUND IN THE DETECTION OF PNEUMOTHORAX IN CHEST TRAUMA PATIENTS WITH CT AS THE GOLD STANDARD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danquale Vance Kynshikhar ◽  
Chaman Lal Kaushal ◽  
Ashwani Tomar ◽  
Neeti Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Chest Ultrasound

Background: To study the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of pneumothorax in chest trauma patients with CT as the Gold Standard Methods: The present study was conducted from 31th July 2018 to 30th July 2019. A total of 36 patients were enrolled in the study. Results: By chest ultrasound, pneumothorax was detected in 15 of 24 patients. The sensitivity of chest ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumothorax was 62.5%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 54.14% and accuracy was 75%. Conclusion: Chest ultrasound can play an important role in the emergency department aiding a physician for bedside rapid and accurate diagnosis of pneumothorax without interruption in the resuscitation process and without transferring the patient to the radiology section. Keywords: Ultrasound, CT, Pneumothorax

scholarly journals Prevalence and identification of anxiety disorders in pregnancy: the diagnostic accuracy of the two-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2)

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e023766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Nath ◽  
Elizabeth G Ryan ◽  
Kylee Trevillion ◽  
Debra Bick ◽  
Jill Demilew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Population Prevalence

ObjectiveTo estimate the population prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the two-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2) for a) GAD and b) any anxiety disorder.DesignCross-sectional survey using a stratified sampling design. Sampling weights were used in the analysis to adjust for the bias introduced by the stratified sampling.SettingInner-city maternity service, South London.Participants545 pregnant women were interviewed after their first antenatal appointment; 528 provided answers on the GAD-2 questions.Main outcome measuresDiagnosis generated by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (SCID).ResultsPopulation prevalence of anxiety disorders was 17% (95% CI 12% to 21%): 5% (95% CI 3% to 6%) for GAD, 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%) for social phobia, 8% (95% CI 5% to 11%) for specific phobia and 2% (95% CI 1% to 4%) for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence was unclear due to higher levels of reluctance to respond to PTSD interview questions but sensitivity analyses suggest population prevalence maybe up to 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%). Weighted sensitivity of GAD-2 for GAD (cut-off ≥3) was 69%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 26%, negative predictive value 98% and likelihood ratio 7.35. For any anxiety disorder the weighted sensitivity was 26%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 36%, negative predictive value 87% and likelihood ratio 2.92.ConclusionsAnxiety disorders are common but GAD-2 generates many false positives and may therefore be unhelpful in maternity services.

scholarly journals Clinical predictors of hypoxemia in 1-5 year old children with pneumonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Made Supartha ◽  
Putu Siadi Purniti ◽  
Roni Naning ◽  
Ida Bagus Subanada
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Head Nodding

Background Pneumonia remains a major killer of under five children. Hypoxemia is the most serious manifestation of pneumonia. The most reliable way to detect hypoxemia is an arterial blood analysis or SPar However, these tools are not widely available; therefore, a simple clinical manifestation should be used as an alternative.Objective To determine clinical predictors of hypoxemia in 1-5 year-old children with pneumonia in Indonesia.Methods This study was conducted between February 2007 to  August 2008 at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Sample was selected using a convenient sampling method. Subjects were divided into group of hypoxemia and nonnal saturation. We did clinical examination and SpOz measurement, as the gold standard, simultaneously.Results From 120 subjects" the prevalence of hypoxemia was 17.5%. The best single clinical predictors of hypoxemia was cyanosis (sensitivity 43%, specificity 99%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90%, negative predictive value (NPV) 89%). The best combination of clinical predictors of hypoxemia was cyanosis and head nodding (sensitivity 43%, specificity 99%, PPV 90%, NPV 89%.Conclusion Cyanosis or combination of cyanosis and head nodding is useful clinical predictors of hypoxemia in childhood pneumonia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document