Human Resource Development for Vision 2020 in Developing Countries: A Change from Absolute Numbers

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyi G. Adepoju ◽  
Abdulkabir A. Ayanniyi ◽  
Victoria Pam ◽  
Toyin B. Akanbi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
The Right ◽  
Staff Mix ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Purpose. To critically review the numbers, distribution, staff mix, and productivity of eye care workers (ECW) in Kwara State, north central Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive survey of all ECW identified from all eye care facilities in July 2008 was carried out using a structured questionnaire. Output data on cataract surgery of each institution were also collected and data analyzed using SPSS 16. Results. A total of 157 ECW comprising 8 ophthalmologists, 4 diplomates, 16 residents training ophthalmologists, 96 mid-level ophthalmic personnel (67 ophthalmic nurses, 3 optometrists, and 26 others), and 33 administrative and supporting staff were available to a population of 2.37 million. Ophthalmologist to population ratio was 1:300,000, optometrist 1:790,000, and ophthalmic nurses 1:35,000. Eighty percent of ECW and institutions are located in the state capital. There were no orthoptists, low vision specialists, counselors, or cataract finders, while optometrists, managers, and primary ECW were inadequate. The staff mix was 1 surgeon to 12 other ECW and an average of 182 cataract surgeries per surgeon per year. Conclusions. Emphasis should shift to team building and ensuring available workers perform optimally rather than meeting the absolute numbers of some cadre, which does not guarantee improved output. Issues of equitable distribution, appropriate staff mix, filling identified gaps in human resources, and addressing poor service uptake should be the focus to reach the goals of Vision 2020: The Right to Sight.

scholarly journals Towards The Reduction of The National Impact of Blindness Due to Glaucoma- A National Glaucoma Summit

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Dr. Barbie O. M. Ejukonemu
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
National Programme ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Initiatives

Glaucoma is a serious condition that involves  elevation in pressure inside the eye caused  by  build-up of excess fluid. Though there are several varieties of the disease that do not show elevation of pressure inside the eyes, generally, glaucoma in whatever form, if  left untreated would lead to impairment in vision by causing irreversible  damage to the optic nerve and eventually blindness. Between 2005 and 2007 the National Programme for the Prevention of Blindness (NPPB), now known as National Eye Care Programme, in collaboration with states, local government and FCT embarked on National Blindness and low vision survey. The survey revealed that glaucoma,  an unavoidable cause of blindness constitutes 16% of all blindness in the country. There are global initiatives that work to eradicate blindness in National communities in the developed and developing world. The major one being the Vision 2020 - the right to sight.  Nigeria endorsed the initiative. This initiative is complacent on glaucoma as it is unavoidable, incurable and not within the targeted disease conditions of vision 2020.  Elimination of  blindness due to glaucoma in our communities, therefore calls for a National action. This paper   is an advocacy  for  a National  Summit on Glaucoma that would produce  a National Glaucoma  Eradication document; implementation of which would lead to  reduction and elimination of the National  impact of blindness due to glaucoma.

scholarly journals Assessing the Progress towards Achieving “VISION 2020: The Right to Sight” Initiative in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyam Komla Amewuho Morny ◽  
Samuel Bert Boadi-Kusi ◽  
Stephen Ocansey ◽  
Samuel Kyei ◽  
Kwame Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyse eye health delivery in Ghana and examine the progress towards achieving VISION 2020 indicator targets. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2018. It used a mixed method approach including desk-based reviews, a questionnaire-based survey of eye facilities in Ghana, and interviews with eye health system stakeholders to collect information on eye health delivery in facilities owned by the Ghana Health Service (GHS), quasigovernmental bodies (security agencies), and Christian Association of Ghana (CHAG). The information was benchmarked against the World Health Organization (WHO) targets for achieving the goals of VISION 2020. Results. The magnitude of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (without pinhole) was 0.9% and 3.0%, respectively. The number of ophthalmologists available at the country level was 80.6% of the VISION 2020 target with optometrists and ophthalmic nurses exceeding targets for VISION 2020. The distribution of human resources was heavily skewed towards two out of the 10 regions in Ghana. Cataract surgical rate was low and met 25% of the WHO target. Basic equipment for refraction was available in the majority of facilities; however, there was a general lack of specialised eye care equipment across the country. Comparatively, CHAG facilities were better equipped than GHS facilities at the same level. Conclusion. The Government of Ghana should revitalize the goals of VISION 2020 beyond the year 2020 and spearhead a concerted effort to ensure equitable distribution of human and infrastructural resources across the country.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of Causes of Low Vision in Saud Arabia, A Case of Eye World Medical Complex in Riyadh

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Z. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

<p>Vision is the ability of seeing with a definite understanding of features, color and contrast, and to distinguish between objects visually. In the year 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness formulated a worldwide project for the eradication of preventable loss of sight with the subject of “Vision 2020: the Right to Sight”. This global program aims to eradicate preventable loss of sight by the year 2020. This study was conducted to determine the main causes of low vision in Saudi Arabia and also to assess their visual improvement after using low vision aids (LVD).The study is a retrospective study and was conducted in low vision clinic at Eye World Medical Complex in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The file medical record of 280 patients attending low vision clinics from February 2008 to June 2010 was included. A data sheet was filled which include: age, gender, cause of low vision, unassisted visual acuity for long distances and short distances, low vision devices needed for long distances and short distances that provides best visual acuity. The result shows that the main cause of low vision was Optic atrophy (28.9%). Retinitis pigmentosa was the second cause of low vision, accounting for 73 patients (26%) followed by Diabetic retinopathy and Macular degeneration with 44 patients (15.7%) and 16 patients (5.7%) respectively. Inter family marriage could be one of the main causes of low vision. Public awareness should be embarked on for enlightenment on ocular diseases result in consanguineous marriage. Also, it is an important issue to start establishing low vision clinics in order to improve the situation.</p>

scholarly journals Hypertension Relationship with The Incidence of Cataract in The Elderly in The Eye of dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ida Rahmawati ◽  
Loren Juksen ◽  
Jopi Ishan Putra
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Cataract is eye disease which can cause low vision and blindness. Blindness cases are highest in Indonesia and in the World due to cataract. Cataract could be happened because of degenerative factors that can be influenced by aging. Hypertension is either degenerative disease due to free radicals and decrease in antioxidant so that, can increase of lens opacity.This research aims to know the relationship between hypertension on elderly in Outpatient Eye Care Dr. M Yunus Hospital, Bengkulu Province, years 2018. This technic research used cross sectional. The subject in this research is all of elderly with cataract who getting  treatment in Outpatient Eye Care Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. The sampling technique uses proportional systematic sampling, obtained 90 respondents. Statistical tests using chi-square (X2). To determine the closeness of the relationship using Contingency Coefficient (C). The result of this research obtained; a) there were 29 respondents (32.2%) with hypertension and 61 respondents or 67.8% without hypertension; b) there were 27 respondents (30.0%) with mature cataract and 63 respondents or 70.0% with immature cataract. The result of Chi Square Analysis obtained p= 0.279 < α = 0.05 meaning there is no relationship between hypertention and cataract

scholarly journals Barriers and incentives for conducting research amongst the Ophthalmologists in Sub-Sahara Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazim A Dhalla ◽  
Micheal Guirguis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Preventable Blindness

AbstractBackgroundResearch is a critical component amongst the strategies to improve health outcomes of any country. The role of research assumes greater importance in Africa as it carries a larger share of global burden of diseases, blindness and low vision. “Vision 2020- the Right to Sight” is a WHO-IAPB collaborated initiative aiming to eliminate preventable blindness by the year 2020. High quality research in eye care is imperative for the initiative to succeed, however, there is a dearth of research in eye care in sub Saharan Africa in general and specifically in the Eastern, Central and Southern African (ECSA) region. Identifying the barriers that hamper research in this region is an important step towards elimination of preventable blindness.MethodsA structured questionnaire using the SurveyMonkey program was sent to ophthalmologists in the ECSA region and South Africa through their respective regional professional bodies. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program version.ResultsLack of funding, inadequate time and poor research knowledge were the main research barriers while ability to improve eye health care through research was the main incentive for conducting research.ConclusionThe barriers mainly center on financial, human and administrative infrastructure and resources. In spite of the barriers, ophthalmologists in the study region are enthusiastic in research aiming to increase evidence based knowledge to improve eye health care in line with the goals of “Vision 2020- the Right to Sight” initiative.

scholarly journals Top Management Demographics and Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Kenyan State Corporations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rose N. Mkalama ◽  
Vincent N. Machuki
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Echelons Theory ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The study investigated the influence of top management demographics on the performance of Kenyan state corporations. Through a cross sectional descriptive survey, data was obtained from 96 Kenyan state corporations using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings indicated that top management demographics had a statistically significant influence on the performance of Kenyan state corporations. The study contributes to the upper echelons theory and resource based theory. Policy makers will also benefit in ensuring that the aspects of top management demographics are properly mainstreamed in order to achieve high organizational performance. Managers who are in charge of attracting the top management teams in organizations will benefit in understanding the importance of having top managers with the right demographics in order to drive strategy. Based on the limitations of the study, areas for future research have been highlighted.

scholarly journals Availability of low vision services and barriers to their provision and uptake in Ghana: practitioners’ perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Sylvester Kyeremeh ◽  
Khathutshelo P Mashige
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region ◽  
Brong Ahafo

Background: Provision and uptake of low vision services are essential. Objective: To assess the availability of low vision services and barriers to their provision and uptake in the Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions of Ghana from the perspective of eye care practitioners. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study design using semi-structured questionnaires was used to collect information from eye care practitioners selected from 58 eye care facilities in the Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions of Ghana. Results: Forty-four eye care practitioners from Ashanti region and 10 from Brong Ahafo region responded to the question- naire. Seventeen (34%) of the 50 eye care facilities who reported having patients seeking low vision services in their facilities provided such services. Lack of low vision devices (94.4%) and equipment (87%) were reported to be the main barriers to the provision of low vision services. Major barriers to low vision services uptake were lack of awareness (88.7%), high cost (70.4%) and social unacceptability of low vision assistive devices (59.3%). Conclusion: Lack of adequate low vision services and barriers to their provision and uptake impact negatively on efforts to prevent visual impairment and blindness in Ghana. Keywords: Low vision services; provision; barriers.

scholarly journals Profile of vision function amongst learners with low vision attending inclusive schools in Kakamega County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen E. Ashioya ◽  
Peter C. Clarke-Farr
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment Tests ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Inclusive Schools ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vision Function

Background: The quality of vision function of low vision (LV) children determines their ease and success in performing activities of daily living including academic activities undertaken whilst at school.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the vision function of LV learners attending inclusive schools in Kakamega County, Kenya.Setting: This study was designed at public primary inclusive schools in Kakamega County, with LV placements by the County Educational Assessment and Resource Center.Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional study. A census survey identified 21 LV learners, who met the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of LV and had been assessed and placed in 11 public primary inclusive schools in Kakamega County. Participants underwent standard LV assessment tests. Data were entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were summarised and presented using tables, figures and percentages.Results: Out of the 21 LV learners who were selected, 19 (90.5%) were assessed. The best recorded visual acuity (VA) was 0.33 decimal notation at far and 0.02 and 0.01 in the right eye and the left eye, respectively, at near. The vast majority, 94.7%, had reduction in stereopsis, whilst 42.1% had defects in colour vision, 20.0% reduced contrast sensitivity (CS) and 15.8% had visual field impairment within the central 20 degrees.Conclusion: There is an overall decrease in vision function amongst LV learners attending inclusive schools in Kakamega County. The most affected parts of vision function are VA and stereopsis.

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