Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern of Bacteria in Benin City, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
P.T. Osahon ◽  
◽  
A.W. Udezi ◽  
I. Olumeko
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Policy ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Background: Sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria provides vital information for the development and implementation of an effective antibiotic policy. Proper identification of causative organisms enables informed decision making in rational use of antibiotics. Objectives: To determine the most common site of bacterial infection, the prevalence of common bacteria based on their site of infection and to document the sensitivity of these microorganisms to two selected antibiotics. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted in seven laboratories and a private hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. A validated structured questionnaire was administered to 420 respondents. Data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Instat. P-values < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were interpreted as significant. Ethical considerations were observed. Results: Response rate was 83.57%, 60% of the respondents were females while a majority were within the ages of 26-30 years (31.91%). Majority of the patients surveyed contracted Staphylococcus aureus (n=180, 51%) while Escherichia coli was the next most prevalent bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be resistant to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin but sensitive to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. Only 18 patients had more than one micro- organism isolated from their site of infection. Urinary tract was the most common site of infection. Isolates showed sensitivity and resistance to multiple antibiotics. Conclusion: The urinary tract was the most common site of bacterial infection while the most prevalent microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus which is sensitive to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin but not to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin.

scholarly journals NEONATAL SEPSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1688
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Ahmad Ali Aurakzai ◽  
Mohammad Irshad ◽  
Ihsan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hospital Study ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Objectives: To study the frequency of different types of bacteria causing sepsisin neonates, their sensitivity and resistance to various antibiotics in common practice at a tertiarycare hospital. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Stetting and Duration of study:The study was conducted in Neonatal unit, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan fromJanuary to October 2017 (10 months duration). Material and Methods: Blood culture positiveneonatal sepsis patients admitted to the Nursery C, LRH during 10 months were analyzed forbacteria and their sensitivity/ resistance pattern. Results: During study period total 115 bloodculture proven neonatal sepsis causes were found. Only 3 pathogens were isolated, where E.Coli was the most frequent organism found in 85 cases. Staphylococcus aureus (25Cases) wasthe second frequently occurring organism while Klebsiella spp. was the third pathogen causingsepsis in my study (7 cases). Amikacin (88% sensitive against E. Coli), vancomycin (100%sensitive against Staphylococcus aureus) were found most sensitive than commonly usedantibiotics. As the organisms were mostly resistant to ampicillin (76.23%) Amoxicillin (82.48%),Cefotaxime (93.75%) and Ceftriaxone (66.29%), Ceftazidime was comparatively less resistant(55.80%). Conclusion: E. Coli was found to be the major cause for neonatal sepsis followed byStaphylococcus aureus in admitted neonates at Lady Reading Hospital. An alarming increasein the resistance pattern of empirically used antibiotics was observed. So, there is dire needfor continuous monitoring/ surveillance of this alarming resistance of commonly used drugs.Moreover, an effective infections control program is needed to limit the spread of resistantstrains of these pathogens.

scholarly journals Bacterial Causes of Urinary Tract Infection among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in Al-Kut City, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher ◽  
Firas Turki Rashed Sarray ◽  
Ammar Shimal Shwekh ◽  
Tariq Kuraidi Mareedh ◽  
Hasanain Faisal Ghazi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

  Introduction: Urinary tract infection is a very prevalent disease among humans and it is highly presented among patients with diabetes mellitus. The main aim of the current study was to find out the commonest bacterial organisms causing urinary tract infection among a sample of diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Al-Kut city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 conveniently sampled patients suffering from urinary tract infections and attending Al-Karama Teaching hospital laboratory for urine culture between October and December 2019 were included in the study. The patients were consented to answer a special questionnaire containing data like patients' age, gender, and disease status (diabetic or non-diabetic). Results: From the 100 participated patients there were 29 (29%) with diabetes and the remaining 71(71%) from the sample were non-diabetics. The females represent the majority of the sample (67%) while males represented only (33%). The most common identified bacteria from this sample were Staphylococcus aureus (48%), Escherichia coli (24%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%), Enterococcus species (5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%). The study result shows a significant association of being diabetic or not >0.001, 0.038with age and gender of the patients (p-value) respectively. While this association was non-significant when considering the type of bacteria between the two . While this association was non-significant when considering the groups (P-value=0.056).type of bacteria between the two groups (P-value=0.056). Conclusion: The urinary tract infection is frequently presented among young non-diabetic females and near half of the urine cultures showed the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria as the commonest cause of infection among them.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci strains isolated from inpatients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parva Farmehr ◽  
Javad fathi ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
mohammad motamedifar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Policy ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Abstract Objectives: Globally nosocomial infection is a significant problem. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) are major causes of nosocomial infections. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA and MRCoNS in the southwest of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 221 non-duplicated staphylococci isolates collected from teaching hospital in Shiraz. The prevalence of MRSA and MRCoNS in clinical samples was identified with conventional microbiological tests. After identification, all of the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR to identify the presence of femA, mecA and pvl genes. Results: 70 (41.7 %) MRSA among 168 S. aureus, and 26 (15.48%) MRCoNS among 53 CoNS were examined. All of the isolates were susceptible to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (100%). Chloramphenicol (65%) and Gentamicin (23%) were the other most active antibacterial agents against MRSA and MRCoNS. The frequency of pvl gene among S. aureus strains was 3.57%. There is need for developing the antibiotic policy and limiting the use of powerful antibiotics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Kant Khanal ◽  
Ram Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Ankita Guragain
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a global health challenge nowadays creating problem in antibiotic therapy. This study was aimed to generate resistance pattern of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics in order to formulate antibiotic policy for control of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nepal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Clinical Microbiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, from April 2015 to March 2016. A total of 142 S. aureus isolated from various clinical specimens. were screened for Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by cefoxitin disc method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Out of 142 S. aureus isolates, 30 (21.1%) were detected as Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by cefoxitin disc method. Most of the Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (25/30) were isolated from pus which were collected from OPD patients. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed all Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusions: Prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 21.1%, and all Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus appear 100% sensitive to vancomycin. Keywords: .

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Patients—A Multicenter Study in Asmara, Eritrea

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyob Yohaness Garoy ◽  
Yacob Berhane Gebreab ◽  
Oliver Okoth Achila ◽  
Daniel Goitom Tekeste ◽  
Robel Kesete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Referral Hospitals

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a well-recognized public health problem throughout the world. The evolution of new genetically distinct community-acquired and livestock-acquired MRSA and extended resistance to other non-β-lactams including vancomycin has only amplified the crisis. This paper presents data on the prevalence of MRSA and resistance pattern to other antibiotics on the selected specimen from two referral hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 participants recruited from two referral hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. Isolation of S. aureus was based on culture and biochemical profiles. Standard antimicrobial disks representing multiple drug classes were subsequently set for oxacillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results. S. aureus isolation rate from the 130 samples was 82 (63.1%). Patients <18 years of age were more likely to be colonized by S. aureus compared to patients above 61 years. The proportion of MRSA among the isolates was 59 (72%), methicillin-intermediate S. aureus (MISA) was 7 (8.5%), and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was 15 (19.5%). The isolates were mostly from the pus specimen in burn, diabetic, and surgical wound patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 13 (15.9%) of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin, 9 (11.0%) to erythromycin, and 1 (1.2%) to gentamicin. Coresistance of MRSA isolates to some commonly used antibiotics was also noted: oxacillin/erythromycin 5 (6.1%) and oxacillin/vancomycin 9 (11%). A few isolates were resistant to oxacillin/vancomycin/erythromycin 2 (2.4%) and oxacillin/gentamicin and erythromycin 1 (1.2%). Conclusion. This study reports a relatively high prevalence of MRSA. Isolates that are resistant to other tested antibiotics including vancomycin are also reported. The data have important implication for quality of patients care in the two settings: antibiotic selection and infection control practices, and the need for additional studies.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci strains isolated from inpatients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parva Farmehr ◽  
Javad fathi ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
mohammad motamedifar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Policy ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Abstract Objectives Globally nosocomial infection is a significant problem. Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin resistance coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) are major causes of nosocomial infections. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA and MRCoNS in the southwest of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 221 non-duplicated staphylococci isolates collected from teaching hospital in Shiraz. The prevalence of MRSA and MRCoNS in clinical samples was identified with conventional microbiological tests. After identification, all of the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR to identify the presence of femA, mecA and pvl genes.Result 168 (76%) S. aureus and 53 (24%) CoNS were detected. 70 (41.7%) MRSA among 168 S. aureus, and 26 (15.48%) MRCoNS among 53 CoNS were examined. Chloramphenicol (65%) and Gentamicin (23%) were the most active antibacterial agents against MRSA and MRCoNS, whereas these isolates were susceptible to SXT (100%). The frequency of pvl gene among S. aureus strains was 3.57%. There is need for developing the antibiotic policy and limiting the use of powerful antibiotics.

The Prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in a Student Population from North-West of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Dehnad ◽  
Rana Khosravi Rad ◽  
Leila Rahbarnia ◽  
Behrooz Naghili ◽  
Aysan Golipor
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West

Abstract Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most prevalent cause of skin infections, especially in colonized individuals. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and Arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) are known as the most common virulence factors of S. aureus. This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes among S.aureus isolates in the student population. Nasal swab samples were randomly collected from 400 healthy students from Tabriz, Iran. The antibiotic resistance pattern of S.aureus isolates was examined by the disk diffusion method. The presence of ACME-arcA, PVL, and mecA genes was detected by PCR reaction.Results: overall, 15% (60/400) students were nasal carriage of S. aureus and 2.75 % (11/400) were MRSA carriage. The frequency of mecA, ACME-arcA, and PVL genes was 54.54% (36/60), 46.66% (28/60), and 16.66% (10/60) respectively. The prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes was independent of gender (P =0.142, P=0.337, respectively). A notable association was observed between the existence of ACME-arcA gene and the frequency of mecA gene (P <0.05), while the incidence of PVL was independent on mecA. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring nasal carriers in a healthy community to prevent subsequent infections.

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