scholarly journals Purple Urine Bag Syndrome in a Patient with an Ileal Conduit and Clostridium Difficile Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Claudia Sadler ◽  
◽  
Cristopher Felix Brewer ◽  
Tehmeena Khan ◽  
Nicholas Murch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Ileal Conduit ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ◽  
Indigo Blue ◽  
Purple Urine

Purple urine bag syndrome is a potentially alarming phenomenon caused by bacterial metabolism of urinary tryptophan into indigo (blue) and indirubin (red) pigments. We report the case of a 46-year-old female with an ileal conduit who presented with a 2 week history of abdominal pain and purple discolouration of her urine. In addition, we review the literature on purple urine bag syndrome, and identify potential new risk factors and management considerations.

scholarly journals Clostridium Difficile and COVID-19: Novel Risk Factors for Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Venkata Ram Pradeep Rokkam ◽  
Gurusaravanan Kutti Sridharan ◽  
Rathnamitreyee Vegunta ◽  
Radhakrishna Vegunta ◽  
Umesha Boregowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic Events

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global health care crisis. COVID-19 patients are found to have increased thrombotic risk. Despite being on prophylactic anticoagulation, many develop serious arterial and venous thromboembolic events. Emerging reports indicate COVID-19 may be considered a novel risk factor for portal vein thrombosis. Although, intra-abdominal infections are identified as risk factors, clostridium difficile colitis has not been typically seen as a risk factor for PVT. We report a case of an elderly female with a recent diagnosis of COVID-19 and no prior history of cirrhosis or malignancy who presented with diarrhea due to clostridium difficile infection. She developed sudden onset severe abdominal pain during the course of hospitalization. Acute portal vein thrombosis was identified on CT imaging of the abdomen, and she improved well with therapeutic anticoagulation. Acute portal vein thrombosis usually results from a combination of local and systemic prothrombotic risk factors. The combination of local infection by clostridium difficile and COVID-19 coagulopathy led to development of portal vein thrombosis in our patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of portal vein thrombosis reported in a patient with clostridium difficile infection in the setting of COVID-19 coagulopathy. During the current pandemic, clinicians should strongly consider abdominal imaging in patients presenting with abdominal pain due to clostridium difficile infection in the setting of COVID-19 to rule out complications such as portal vein thrombosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of portal vein thrombosis prevent complications of portal hypertension and intestinal infarctions.

scholarly journals Purple Urine Bag Syndrome: A Rare Spot Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilraj S. Kalsi ◽  
Joel Ward ◽  
Regent Lee ◽  
Ashok Handa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ◽  
Indigo Blue ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Purple Urine

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a complication of urinary tract infections (UTIs) where catheter bags and tubing turn purple. It is alarming for patients, families, and clinicians; however, it is in itself a benign phenomenon. PUBS is the result of UTIs with specific bacteria that produce sulphatases and phosphatases which lead tryptophan metabolism to produce indigo (blue) and indirubin (red) pigments, a mixture of which becomes purple. Risk factors include female gender, immobility, constipation, chronic catheterisation, and renal disease. Management involves reassurance, antibiotics, and regular changing of catheters, although there are debates regarding how aggressively to treat and no official guidelines. Prognosis is good, but PUBS is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the backgrounds of patients. Here, we review the literature available on PUBS, present a summary of case studies from the last five years, and propose the Oxford Urine Chart as a tool to aid such diagnoses.

Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With Severe Clostridium difficile Infection in Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kim ◽  
Julia F. Shaklee ◽  
Sarah Smathers ◽  
Priya Prasad ◽  
Lindsey Asti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Severe Clostridium Difficile Infection

835 Genetic Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile Infection in Ulcerative Colitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. S-148
Author(s):  
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan ◽  
Emily Oxford ◽  
Deanna D. Nguyen ◽  
Jenny Sauk ◽  
Vijay Yajnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Clinical and demographic profile and risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection

Biomédica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Carvajal ◽  
Carlos Pacheco ◽  
Fabián Jaimes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Fluorescent Assay ◽  
Demographic Profile

Introducción. La enfermedad asociada a Clostridium difficile es la principal causa de diarrea infecciosa adquirida en el hospital; su creciente incidencia, las menores tasas de respuesta al tratamiento inicial y la mayor tasa de recaídas han incrementado la carga de la enfermedad.Objetivo. Determinar las características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedad asociada a C. difficile.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de casos anidado en una cohorte. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con diarrea iniciada durante su hospitalización a quienes se les había practicado la prueba de detección de la toxina A-B de C. difficile, entre febrero de 2010 y febrero de 2012. Se definió como caso al paciente hospitalizado con diarrea y prueba de Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) positiva para la toxina y, como control, a aquel con resultado negativo para la toxina. Se recolectaron los datos demográficos y clínicos, así como la información sobre los factores asociados, la estancia hospitalaria, el tratamiento y las complicaciones.Resultados. Durante el periodo de seguimiento se recolectaron datos de 123 pacientes, de los cuales 30 fueron positivos para la toxina. La edad media en la población de estudio fue de 49 años y el 60 % correspondía a hombres. Los síntomas predominantes fueron el dolor abdominal (35 %) y la fiebre (34 %). Las principales complicaciones fueron la alteración electrolítica y la sepsis grave asociada con disfunción renal. La mortalidad total fue de 13 % y los factores independientes asociados con la aparición de la infección fueron el uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones y la cirugía gastrointestinal previa.Conclusiones. El uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protonesy la cirugía gastrointestinal previa fueron factores asociados con la infección por C. difficile.

scholarly journals Study on Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation & Operative Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Turani Talukder ◽  
Sabiha Sultana ◽  
Md Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Condition

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a major clinical problem in gynaecology because it is often difficult to diagnose as the patient present in different ways. An accurate history taking and physical examination is considered to be most important in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. There are two treatment options, medical or surgical. Surgical treatment is the fastest treatment for ectopic pregnancy though surgical management decreased from approximately 90% to 65%1. Surgery may be the only treatment option if there is internal bleeding. In the medical treatment group, 15% of cases were categorized as failures and required surgery1.Objectives: This study was conducted in the department of obst and Gynae of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2005 to June 2005 in an attempt to find out the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy, the way of presentation and to analyze the operative treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Materials and Methods: A total 50 consecutive patients who were clinically suspicious of ectopic pregnancy were included in this study between January 2005 to June 2005. Patients who were clinically suspicious of EP and also supported by positive urinary pregnancy tests, beta hCG and no intrauterine gestational sac in ultrasonography were included in this study. Detailed discussion about the study was done with the patient and then informed verbal consent was taken from them. Detailed history about patient profile, presenting symptoms, any risk factors and clinical examination done and the findings were recorded in the predesigned data collection sheet. Data was expressed in terms of frequencies and percentagesResults: Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years and 38% of low parity (para- 1).Previous miscarriage, infertility,IUCD users and PID identified as the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy— 42% patients had history of previous abortion or MR, period of infertility 22%, pelvic infection 12%, IUCD users 16%. In this study acute abdominal pain after a short period of amenorrhoea was found to be the main symptoms in ectopic pregnancy—100% patients were presented with lower abdominal pain, 70% with period of amenorrhea and 50% patients with per vaginal bleeding. All the patients were presented with acute condition and were surgically managed fastest treatment. At the time of operation 84% of ectopic tubal pregnancy were found ruptured, 10% were tubal abortion and 4% unruptured. Sites of ectopic pregnancy were ampullary 50%, isthmic 20%, fimbrial 10%.Conclusion: Most of the patient presented in acute condition with the classical features of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Near half of the patient were in younger age group (26 – 30 years) having risk factors like history of previous abortion/MR 42%, infertility 22% use of IUCD 16%, PID 12%. More then three forth( 84%) of cases were diagnosed as ruptured ectopic during operation. Operative management was done on the basis of site of ectopic and parity of the womanBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013; Vol. 28(1) : 9-14

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