scholarly journals A young woman with HIV and hemiparesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Varun Nelatur ◽  
◽  
Bill Smith ◽  
Dushyant Mital ◽  
Mehul Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Poor Compliance ◽  
Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Features

Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and invariably fatal neurological disease that is seen patients with untreated HIV infection and as a complication of immune suppression with agents such as natalizumab. With the increasing occurrence of HIV, it is important to consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of patients with neurological features. We present the case of a young woman with a long history of HIV infection who presented with neurological symptoms; recognition of this diagnosis enabled identification of her poor compliance with treatment. The investigation and treatment of this condition is discussed.

scholarly journals Clinical history of HIV infection may be misleading in cytopathology

CytoJournal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liron Pantanowitz* ◽  
Michael Kuperman ◽  
Robert A. Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spindle Cell Proliferation ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
History Of

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at an increased risk for developing opportunistic infections, reactive conditions and neoplasms. As a result, a broad range of conditions are frequently included in the differential diagnosis of HIV-related lesions. The clinical history of HIV infection may, however, be misleading in some cases. Illustrative cases are presented in which knowledge of a patient's HIV status proved to be misleading and increased the degree of complexity of the cytologic evaluation. Case 1 involved the fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a painful 3 cm unilateral neck mass in a 38-year-old female with generalized lymphadenopathy. Her aspirate revealed a spindle cell proliferation devoid of mycobacteria that was immunoreactive for S-100 and macrophage markers (KP-1, PGM1). Multiple noncontributory repeat procedures were performed until a final excision revealed a schwannoma. Case 2 was a CT-guided FNA of a positron emission tomography positive lung mass in a 53-year-old man. The acellular aspirate in this case contained structures resembling fungal spore forms that were negative for mucicarmine and GMS stains, as well as cryptococcal antigen immunocytochemistry. A Von Kossa stain confirmed that these pseudo-fungal structures were calcified debris. Follow up revealed multiple calcified lung and hilar node based granulomata. Case 3 involved the cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid from a 47-year-old man with Kaposi sarcoma and recurrent chylous pleural effusions. Large atypical cells identified in his effusion were concerning for primary effusion lymphoma. Subsequent pleural biopsy revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis, documenting these atypical cells as megakaryocytes. These cases demonstrate that knowledge of a patient's HIV status can be misleading in the evaluation of cytology specimens, with potential for misdiagnosis and/or multiple procedures. To avoid this pitfall in the setting of HIV infection, common entities unrelated to HIV infection and artifacts should always be included in the differential diagnosis.

Lymphomatoid papulosis presenting as a rash in a patient with HIV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1120-1122
Author(s):  
Sian Warren ◽  
Vincent Li ◽  
Rachel Drayton ◽  
Kenneth May
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lymphomatoid Papulosis ◽  
History Of

A 43-year-old Malaysian man with well-controlled HIV infection on combination antiretroviral therapy presented with a six-week history of a widespread rash. The patient was otherwise well but was developing new lesions on a daily basis. Referral to Dermatology instigated punch biopsies, which revealed a diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis type A. This case highlights the importance of swift referral, especially in cases of spontaneous regression of symptoms, in order to obtain the correct diagnosis. In most patients, this condition tends to be chronic, with its chronicity and benign clinical course setting it apart from cutaneous anaplastic T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease, which are major entities in the histological differential diagnosis.

Intestinal spirochaetosis causing chronic diarrhoea in a patient with HIV infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-618
Author(s):  
Sian Warren ◽  
Andrew Freedman ◽  
Nicola Lomax ◽  
Adam Christian
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonic Biopsies

A 36-year-old Caucasian homosexual man was found to have HIV infection on routine screening. He had an eight-year history of chronic diarrhoea, which pre-dated the HIV diagnosis and did not improve after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. After referral to the Gastroenterology department, he underwent fibreoptic colonoscopy. Colonic biopsies revealed the presence of intestinal spirochaetosis. He received a two-week course of metronidazole, which led to complete resolution of his diarrhoea. Intestinal spirochaetosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with HIV infection and chronic diarrhoea without other apparent cause.

scholarly journals Sarcoidosis-like disease with pulmonary infestation, meningoencephalitis and transverse myelitis after sigmoid cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-670
Author(s):  
C Callens ◽  
H De Cauwer ◽  
M Viaene ◽  
D Vanneste ◽  
A Eyben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Invasive Adenocarcinoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sigmoid Cancer

We present the case of a 40-year-old male with recent history of moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid in whom both respiratory and neurological disease developed simultaneously, mimicking diffuse metastatic disease. The broad differential diagnosis and pitfalls (both diagnostic and therapeutic) are described. Pulmonary sarcoidosis as well as neurosarcoidosis occur very rarely after solid cancers.

PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN

2014 ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Manh Hoan Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Thanh Cao
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background and Objective: HIV infection is also a cause of postpartum depression, however, in Vietnam, there has not yet the prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. The objective is to determine prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. Materials and Methods: From November 30th, 2012 to March 30th, 2014, a prospective cohort study is done at Dong Nai and Binh Duong province. The sample includes135 HIV infected women and 405 non infected women (ratio 1/3) who accepted to participate to the research. We used “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening test when women hospitalized for delivery and 1 week, 6weeks postpartum. Mother who score EPDS ≥ 13 are likely to be suffering from depression. We exclude women who have EPDS ≥ 13 since just hospitalize. Data are collected by a structural questionaire. Results: At 6 weeks postpartum, prevalence of depression in HIV infected women is 61%, in the HIV non infected women is 8.7% (p < 0.001). There are statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between two groups for some factors: education, profession, income, past history of depression, child’s health, breast feeding. Logistical regression analysis determine these factors are related with depression: late diagnosis of HIV infection, child infected of HIV, feeling guilty of HIV infected and feeling guilty with their family. Multivariate regression analysis showed 4 factors are related with depression: HIV infection, living in the province, child’s health, past history of depression. Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women is 61.2%; risk of depression of postnatal HIV infected women is 6.4 times the risk of postnatal HIV non infected women, RR=6.4 (95% CI:4.3 – 9.4). Domestic women have lower risk than immigrant women from other province, RR=0.72 (95% CI:0.5 – 0.9). Past history of depression is a risk factor with RR=1.7 (95% CI:1.02 – 0.9. Women whose child is weak or die, RR=1.7(95% CI:0.9 – 3.1). Keywords: Postpartum depression, HIV-positive postpartum women

scholarly journals Giant Fibrovascular Polyp as an Unusual Cause of Globus Pharyngeus

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110039
Author(s):  
Jelena Sotirović ◽  
Ljubomir Pavićević ◽  
Stanko Petrović ◽  
Saša Ristić ◽  
Aleksandar Perić
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Endoscopic Removal ◽  
Globus Sensation ◽  
Fibrovascular Polyp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fatal Complications

Differential diagnosis of globus sensation in an otherwise asymptomatic patient should include hypopharyngeal fibrovascular polyp to avoid potentially fatal complications like airway compromise following regurgitation. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with a 13-cm long hypopharyngeal fibrovascular polyp with 9 months history of globus sensation. A narrow stalk of the giant polyp allowed endoscopic removal and complete resection with the CO2 laser. Histopathological examination was conclusive for the fibrovascular polyp.

scholarly journals Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in oropharyngeal mucosa of patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas

Rare Tumors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 203636132110264
Author(s):  
Andrea Dekanić ◽  
Marko Velepič ◽  
Margita Belušić Gobić ◽  
Ita Hadžisejdić ◽  
Nives Jonjić
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Polypoid Lesion ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas

Malignant mesenchymal tumors of oropharyngeal mucosa are rare. Those with fibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation in the skin are called atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and in the soft tissue undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). Here we present a case of an older patient with a history of multiple basal cell carcinomas and recently with a rapidly growing polypoid lesion in the mucosa of posterior oropharyngeal wall with AFX/UPS morphology. The differential diagnosis, histological pitfalls of this poorly characterized mesenchymal lesions, and the challenges associated with treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Neonate born with ischemic limb to a COVID-19 positive mother: management and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahana Perveen ◽  
Karmaine A. Millington ◽  
Suchitra Acharya ◽  
Amit Grag ◽  
Vita Boyar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ischemic Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hand Amputation ◽  
Work Up

AbstractObjectivesTo describe challenges in diagnosis and treatment of congenital neonatal gangrene lesions associated with history of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.Case presentationA preterm neonate was born with upper extremity necrotic lesions and a history of active maternal COVID-19 infection. The etiology of his injury was challenging to deduce, despite extensive hypercoagulability work-up and biopsy of the lesion. Management, including partial forearm salvage and hand amputation is described.ConclusionsNeonatal gangrene has various etiologies, including compartment syndrome and intrauterine thromboembolic phenomena. Maternal COVID-19 can cause intrauterine thrombotic events and need to be considered in a differential diagnosis.

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