scholarly journals Social Welfare Impacts of Imposing an Import Tariff on Maize Market in Iran Compared to an Export Tax in China and Brazil Using: a Game Theory Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Chizari ◽  
Fereshte Assadollahpour ◽  
Safdar Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Import Tariff ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Export Tax ◽  
Export Taxes

The social welfare impacts of Iran’s maize import policies versus China and Brazil export policies using a game theoretic approach. The economy of maize export by China and Brazil as well as Iran’s import demand are analyzed using empirical imports models. In this study, supply, demand, imports and price equations are estimated using a three-stage least squares (3SLS) model to obtain elasticities. The estimated elasticities are incorporated in a non-cooperative dynamic game framework to analyze the possible impacts of policy changes in these three countries. This study analyzes various policies, including several scenarios regarding changes in Iran’s import tariff from 0% to 10% with respect to China and Brazil exported price ratio (export tax on domestic price of Iran) from 0.56-1.36. The results indicate that Iranian government should impose a tariff rate approximately 8% to maximize its own social welfare considering export taxes of 0.98 and 0.93 imposed by China and Brazil respectively. The results also suggest that policy makers in Iran should focus more on Iran’s tariff rates rather than export taxes imposed by China and Brazil.

scholarly journals Export Tax Reform and the Competitiveness of Imported Soybeans in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Muhammad ◽  
Constanza Valdes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Export Tax ◽  
Export Taxes ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Demand Changes

AbstractExport tax reform in Argentina could improve its competitiveness in China’s soybean market, displacing exports from competing countries like Brazil and the United States. We examined the factors that determine China’s demand for imported soybean products and how export taxes could affect exporting countries. Using import demand and vector autoregression estimates, we conducted simulations of China’s import demand assuming the elimination of export taxes in Argentina. Results indicated that Argentine soybean products could realize gains in the Chinese market, but only in the short run. Projected import demand changes in the long run were insignificant for all exporting countries.

Welfare impacts of the 2006 United States – Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 950-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Parajuli ◽  
Daowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Export Taxes ◽  
The U.S

In this paper, we evaluate the market and welfare effects of the 2006 United States (U.S.) – Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement (SLA 2006) based on a U.S. import demand model for Canadian softwood lumber. We find that SLA 2006 reduces the U.S. lumber imports from Canada by 7.78% in the months when export taxes took effect. The welfare analysis based on a partial equilibrium framework shows that U.S. lumber producers gained $1.6 billion and U.S. consumers lost $2.3 billion in 9 years under SLA 2006.

scholarly journals A Framework to Measure the Service Quality of Distributor with Fuzzy Graph Theoretic Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar Gupta ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Fuzzy Graph ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Graph Theoretic Approach ◽  
Manufacturing Supply Chain ◽  
Permanent Function ◽  
Numerical Index

A combination of fuzzy logic and graph theoretic approach has been used to find the service quality of distributor in a manufacturing supply chain management. This combination is termed as the fuzzy graph theoretic (FGT) approach. Initially the identified factors were grouped by SPSS (statistical package for social science) software and then the digraph approach was applied. The interaction and inheritance values were calculated by fuzzy graph theory approach in terms of permanent function. Then a single numerical index was calculated by using permanent function which indicates the distributor service quality. This method can be used to compare the service quality of different distributors.

scholarly journals Income Distributional Impacts of Trade Policies in a Multi-Market Framework: A Case in Pakistan

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Hudson ◽  
Don Ethridge
Keyword(s):  
Price Control ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Social Loss ◽  
Export Tax ◽  
Export Taxes ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Yarn Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distributional Impacts

AbstractThe impacts of using export taxes as a price control in a multi-market framework are explored using the cotton and yarn sectors in Pakistan as examples. Results show that the export tax on cotton increased domestic consumption and decreased exports of cotton in Pakistan, transferring income from cotton producers to yarn spinners and the government. There was a social loss to Pakistan in the cotton sector. The export tax on cotton increased domestic yarn production, consumption, exports, and incomes of yarn spinners, but resulted in a large transfer (social loss) out of the yarn sector.

Scheduling Multi-Workflows Over Heterogeneous Virtual Machines With a Multi-Stage Dynamic Game-Theoretic Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Yuandou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Scientific Workflow ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Heterogeneous Cloud ◽  
Cloud Infrastructures

Cloud computing, with dependable, consistent, pervasive, and inexpensive access to geographically distributed computational capabilities, is becoming an increasingly popular platform for the execution of scientific applications such as scientific workflows. Scheduling multiple workflows over cloud infrastructures and resources is well recognized to be NP-hard and thus critical to meeting various types of Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. In this work, the authors consider a multi-objective scientific workflow scheduling framework based on the dynamic game-theoretic model. It aims at reducing make-spans, cloud cost, while maximizing system fairness in terms of workload distribution among heterogeneous cloud virtual machines (VMs). The authors consider randomly-generated scientific workflow templates as test cases and carry out extensive real-world tests based on third-party commercial clouds. Experimental results show that their proposed framework outperforms traditional ones by achieving lower make-spans, lower cost, and better system fairness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document