ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF PAPER CONSERVATION: DAMAGES AND TREATMENTS - ENGLISH, PORTUGUESE, SPANISH, GREEK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MÁRCIA ALMADA ◽  
SILVANA BOJANOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Paper Conservation

scholarly journals Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855): A predecessor of Max Schweidler?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-270
Author(s):  
Susanne Wagini ◽  
Katrin Holzherr
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Early History ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paper Conservation

Abstract The restorer Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855), famous in the early nineteenth century, has long fallen into oblivion. A recent discovery of his work associated with old master prints at the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München has allowed a close study of his methods and skills as well as those of his pupil Ludwig Albert von Montmorillon (1794–1854), providing a fresh perspective on the early history of paper conservation. Von Hermann’s method of facsimile inserts was praised by his contemporaries, before Max Schweidler (1885–1953) described these methods in 1938. The present article provides biographical notes on both nineteenth century restorers, gives examples of prints treated by them and adds a chapter of conservation history crediting them with a place in the history of the discipline. In summary, this offers a surprising insight on how works of art used to be almost untraceably restored by this team of Munich-based restorers more than 150 years before Schweidler.

Nanoparticles of Mg(OH)2:  Synthesis and Application to Paper Conservation

Langmuir ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 8495-8501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodorico Giorgi ◽  
Claudio Bozzi ◽  
Luigi Dei ◽  
Chiara Gabbiani ◽  
Barry W. Ninham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paper Conservation

scholarly journals Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Völkel ◽  
K. Ahn ◽  
U. Hähner ◽  
W. Gindl-Altmutter ◽  
A. Potthast
Keyword(s):  
Paper Conservation

Eliminating color from Serish (Eremurus) Paste for paper conservation and restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Nasim Koohkesh ◽  
Kouros Samanian ◽  
Maryam Afsharpour
Keyword(s):  
Paper Conservation

Bleaching in Paper Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smith Anthony W.
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Brightness Reversion ◽  
Paper Conservation ◽  
Wood Pulps

AbstractChemical bleaches are powerful chemical agents that destroy colour by breaking and reforming covalent bonds within organic colouring matter. They are, consequently, the most potentially damaging chemicals used in paper conservation treatments and their use should only be considered when all other means of removing discolouration have been fully explored. The colour of organic compounds depends upon the presence of a number of multiple bonds linked together in a conjugated system known as a chromophore. Rupture of the conjugated system renders it colourless. This is the process that occurs in bleaching. Chemical bleaches may be either oxidising or reducing agents. The tendency of paper to yellow with age is know as brightness reversion. Lignin is an important source of colour, especially in regard to the yellowing of paper based on mechanical wood pulps. In non ligneous papers, yellowing is commonly associated with the oxidation of cellulose and associated materials, such as hemicelluloses, resulting in the formation of carbonyl groups. The most powerful oxidising bleaches are based on the hypochlorite ion, OClˉ, and include bleaching powder, sodium hypochlorite , calcium hypochlorite and chloramine-T. The preparation, chemical properties and use of these agents are discussed in detail. Attention is draw to the importance of keeping the pH above 9 during treatment. This is in order to minimise the formation of carbonyl groups. After bleaching with these agents, thorough washing and deacidification is recommended. The oxidising agent chlorine dioxide has certain advantages. However, in a conservation context, its use is highly questionable due to serious health and safety issues. Hydrogen peroxide is a moderate bleaching agent and its preparation, chemical properties and use are discussed in detail. Stabilising agents are recommended when using this bleach. Sodium borohydride is the only reducing agent commonly used in paper conservation. Not only is it an effective bleaching agent it also has the benefit of increasing paper stability by re-ducing the carbonyl groups present in oxidised cellulose. Its preparation, chemical properties and use are discussed in detail.

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