scholarly journals Digital Applications of Maxillofacial Reconstruction– A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Raghdah AlShaibani ◽  
Taha Akhtar ◽  
Marissa Gentle ◽  
Pohsu Chen ◽  
Peixi Liao
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Manual Search

Objectives: Many patients with maxillofacial defects require maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation due to cancer, trauma, or congenital diseases. Adequate surgical and prosthetic treatment planning is required to achieve satisfactory morphological and functional results. Before computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology was introduced, conventional methods have been used to reconstruct the facial form, which involved making impressions, obtaining models and fabricating the prosthesis all of which is time consuming and requires multiple visits. A rapid progress has been made with advances in digital technology, such as milling systems, rapid prototyping, three-dimensional (3D) scanning, and 3D printing, which has improved the patients’ expectations, the functional and esthetic treatment outcomes. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted in the Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE), and ScienceDirect databases between July 2000 and October 2020. A manual search was also performed to cover all digital aspects of the maxillofacial prosthesis. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective cohort, and cross-sectional studies performed on humans with at least 1 year of follow-up and published within the last 20 years. Results: The results showed that the used technologies in a digital workflow of auricular, orbital and nasal prosthesis reduce the manufacturing time and allow the manufacture of high-quality prostheses for missing facial parts. The methodology provides a good position for further development issues and is usable for clinical practice. Conclusion: Utilization of digital technologies in the facial prosthesis manufacturing process can be a good contribution for higher patient comfort and production efficiency but also comes with a higher initial investment and greater demands for experience with software tools.

Anthropometry-Based Surface Modeling of the Human Torso

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Peter R. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Reference Body

Abstract There is an increasing need for computerized surface model of the human body in human growth, garment design and ergonomics. However, there is a shortage of three-dimensional (3-D) models of the human body in practical applications. This paper presents a new approach for constructing a 3-D surface model of the human torso using anthropometry. The torso is created by from a reference body of average shape which is represented by a family of cross-sectional curves. The shape and size of the reference body can be modified according to anthropometric data. This approach has been implemented on a personal computer. The resulting 3-D model is a parametric surface based on non-uniform B-splines and can easily be exported to other computer aided design applications.

Stereolithographic Additive Manufacturing of Bulky Ceramic Components with Functionally Geometric Micropattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000001-000005
Author(s):  
Soshu Kirihara
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Artificial Bones ◽  
Cad Cam

Abstract In a stereolithographic additive manufacturing (AM), two dimensional (2D) cross sectional patterns were created through photo polymerization by ultraviolet laser drawing on spread resin paste including ceramic nanoparticles, and three dimensional (3D) composite models were sterically printed by layer lamination through chemical bonding. An automatic collimeter was equipped with the laser scanner to adjust beam diameter. Fine or coarse beams could realize high resolution or wide area drawings, respectively. Metal and ceramic bulky components including dendritic networks were geometrically built by using stereolithographic AM. Geometric patterns with periodic, self-similar, graded and fluctuated arrangements were created by computer aided design, manufacture and evaluation (CAD/CAM/CAE) for effective modulations of energy and material flows through dielectric lattices in photonic crystals, porous electrodes in fuel cells and biological scaffolds in artificial bones.

Computer-Assisted Surgery Using 3D Printed Saw Guides for Acute Correction of Antebrachial Angular Limb Deformities in Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Worth ◽  
Katherine Crosse ◽  
Andrew Kersley
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Computer Assisted Surgery ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Limb Deformities ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Saw Blade

Objective The aim of this study was to report the use of custom saw guides produced using computed tomographic imaging (CT), computer simulation and three-dimensional (3D) printing to aid surgical correction of antebrachial deformities in six dogs. Materials and Methods Antebrachial limb deformities in four small, and two large, breed dogs (seven limbs) were surgically corrected by a radial closing wedge ostectomy and ulnar osteotomy. The location and orientation of the wedge ostectomy were determined using CT data, computer-assisted planning and production of a saw guide in plastic using a 3D printer. At surgery, the guide was clamped to the surface of the radius and used to direct the oscillating saw blade. The resultant ostectomy was closed and stabilized with a bone plate. Results Five limbs healed without complications. One limb was re-operated due to a poorly resolved rotational component of the deformity. One limb required additional stabilisation with external fixation due to screw loosening. The owners of five dogs completed a Canine Orthopedic Index survey at a follow-up period of 37 to 81 months. The median preoperative score was 3.5 and the median postoperative score was 1, representing an overall positive effect of surgery. Radiographically, 5/7 limbs were corrected in the frontal plane (2/7 were under-corrected). Similarly, 5/7 limbs were corrected in the sagittal plane, and 2/7 were over-corrected in the sagittal place. Conclusions Computer-aided design and rapid prototyping technologies can be used to create saw guides to simplify one-stage corrective osteotomies of the antebrachium using internal fixation in dogs. Despite the encouraging results, accurate correction of rotational deformity was problematic and this aspect requires further development.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Imaging in Implant Assessment for the Prosthodontist: Utilization of the Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Minu Raju ◽  
Shobha J Rodrigues ◽  
Mahesh Mundathaje ◽  
Sabaa Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Clinical Literature

ABSTRACT Background The evolution of cone beam computed tomo- graphy three-dimensional (CBCT 3D) imaging has dramatically changed the potential for presurgical and pretreatment planning, such that outcomes are more predictable and complications more avoidable. Purpose The purpose of this article was to systematically review scientific and clinical literature pertaining to the uses and benefits of 3D imaging CBCT for diagnosis and treatment planning in Implantology including prosthodontics. Materials and methods Various databases, like PubMed, EBSCOhost and ScienceDirect, were searched from 1998 to 2010 to retrieve articles regarding the clinical applications of CBCT in dentistry. Cone beam computed tomography in dentistry was used as a key phrase to extract relevant articles in dentistry. A manual search for the references from the retrieved articles was also completed. The articles published only in English, randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective clinical studies, laboratory and computer-generated research were included.   The search revealed 540 articles of which 447 were irrele- vant to the study and therefore excluded. Results Cone beam computed tomography has created an opportunity for clinicians to acquire the highest quality diagno- stic images with an absorbed dose that is comparable to other dental radiological examinations and less than a conventional CT. Therefore, if placement of an implant might approach a nerve, invade the sinus, or penetrate out of the confines of the jawbone, the patient should be offered a discussion of CBCT 3D imaging. In addition, CBCT 3D patients should be advised of the risks, benefits and alternatives to such treatment, based upon any additional data provided by the imaging. How to cite this article Rodrigues SJ, Mundathaje M, Raju M, Qureshi S. Three-dimensional Imaging in Implant Assessment for the Prosthodontist: Utilization of the Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(1):23-33.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Surgical Planning and Use of Three-Dimensional Printing in the Repair of a Complex Articular Femoral Fracture in a Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. e12-e18
Author(s):  
Griselda Lam ◽  
Sun-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Fracture Reduction ◽  
Virtual Surgery ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Implant Placement

Objective The main purpose of this study was to describe the use and benefits of 3-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted surgical planning (CASP) and printing in a complex articular fracture repair in a dog. Study Design Case report. Animals Client-owned dog. Results One dog with a closed, severely comminuted, distal femoral supracondylar and bicondylar fracture underwent a preoperative computed tomography scan. Three-dimensional CASP was performed using computer-aided design software. Three-dimensional CASP allowed for visualization of the fracture fragments and virtual surgery, including reduction of the fragments and implant placement. A 3D model of the affected femur was printed and a bone plate was pre-contoured to the model. Intraoperative fracture reduction and stabilization were performed without complications. Postoperative radiographs revealed successful execution of the planned procedure. Subsequent radiographs and clinical examination indicated that bone healing was achieved with return to normal function of the limb. Three-dimensional CASP and the printed 3D model allowed for improved understanding of the anatomical relationship between fracture fragments, preoperative implant selection and contouring, and the ability to practice fracture reduction and implant placement preoperatively. The model was also used for client education, and to teach students and residents. Conclusion Three-dimensional CASP and printed models are valuable tools in the preoperative planning of complex fracture repairs, educating clients and teaching students and residents.

scholarly journals Novel open-source 3D-printed eye mount (TEMPO) for the ophthalmology wet lab

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000685
Author(s):  
Michael Mak ◽  
Yejun Hong ◽  
William Murray Trask ◽  
Randy Thompson ◽  
Helen Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Wet Lab ◽  
Facial Contours

ObjectiveProcuring an affordable eye mount that can stabilise a cadaveric eye and simulate a patient’s normal facial contours represents an ongoing challenge in the ophthalmology simulation wet lab, with notable limitations to all currently available commercial options. This project uses computer-assisted design and three-dimensional (3D)-printing techniques to tackle these challenges for ophthalmologic surgical training.Methods and AnalysisProof-of-concept study. Using Autodesk Fusion 360, we designed and 3D-printed a modular device that consists of 11 pieces forming a head structure. Standard OR tubing and syringes were adapted to create an adjustable-suction system to affix cadaveric eyes. Further modular inserts were customised to house non-cadaveric simulation eyes.ResultsThree-dimensional eye mount for procedures in ophthalmology (TEMPO) reliably fixed a cadaveric eye in stable position throughout surgical manipulation. Trainees were able to drape and practice appropriate hand positioning while corneal suturing. Overall, this model was affordable, at a cost of approximately $C200 to print. The modular nature renders individual pieces convenient for replacement and customisable to simulate regional anatomical variation and accommodate non-cadaveric eyes.ConclusionsTEMPO represents an affordable, high-fidelity alternative to existing commercially available eye mounts. It reliably fixates cadaveric and simulation eyes and provides an enhanced surgical training experience by way of its realistic facial contours. It is released as an open-source computer-aided design file, customisable to interested trainees with appropriate software and 3D-printing capacity.

Computer-Aided Design of Thrombin Inhibitors

Physiology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Caflisch ◽  
Rudolf Wälchli ◽  
Claus Ehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ligand Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Affinity Ligands ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

Computer-aided ligand design is an active, challenging, and multidisciplinary research field that blends knowledge of biochemistry, physics, and computer sciences. Whenever it is possible to experimentally determine or to model the three-dimensional structure of a pharmacologically relevant enzyme or receptor, computational approaches can be used to design specific high-affinity ligands. This article describes methods, applications, and perspectives of computer-assisted ligand design.

scholarly journals On-Site Architectural Drawing with Hand-held Mobile Instructions

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nan-Ching Tai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Teaching Aid ◽  
Aided Design

The advances in computer-aided design tools have enabled design visualization and realization to become more efficient and effective. However, these fast-growing digital technologies are also gradually reducing the presence of hand drawings in architectural education. This leads to a reduction in the ability to be inspired from the direct observation of the architectural environment through on-site freehand sketching. This study aims to implement digital technology as a teaching aid to retrieve these lost abilities. Analytical drawing is a method that encourages thinking before drawing, laying out the invisible underlying structure, and finalizing it with a visible appearance. This method remains an effective way of three-dimensional visual thinking. Accordingly, this study presents an interactive smartphone application that brings computer-assisted instructions into mobile learning. Promising responses from students revealed that using digital technology as a teaching aid can help to retrieve the lost abilities of visual thinking through on-site sketching.

Computer-Assisted Surgery in the Lower Jaw: Double Surgical Guide for Immediately Loaded Implants in Postextractive Sites—Technical Notes and a Case Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele De Santis ◽  
Luciano Claudio Canton ◽  
Alessandro Cucchi ◽  
Guglielmo Zanotti ◽  
Enrico Pistoia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Computer Assisted Surgery ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Surgical Template ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

Abstract Computer-assisted surgery is based on computerized tomography (CT) scan technology to plan the placement of dental implants and a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology to create a custom surgical template. It provides guidance for insertion implants after analysis of existing alveolar bone and planning of implant position, which can be immediately loaded, therefore achieving esthetic and functional results in a surgical stage. The absence of guidelines to treat dentulous areas is often due to a lack of computer-assisted surgery. The authors have attempted to use this surgical methodology to replace residual teeth with an immediate implantoprosthetic restoration. The aim of this case report is to show the possibility of treating a dentulous patient by applying a computer-assisted surgical protocol associated with the use of a double surgical template: one before extraction and a second one after extraction of selected teeth.

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