scholarly journals Weber contra Luhmann

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Trindade da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Niklas Luhmann

Elemento básico da sociologia de Niklas Luhmann é a definição da modernidade pela primazia da diferenciação funcional, última forma de diferenciação social antecedida por segmentação, centro/periferia e estratificação. Numa sociedade mundial funcionalmente diferenciada, cada (sub) sistema realiza o seu encerramento autopoiético, fundamentado na comunicação, em códigos binários próprios e exclusivos. Tal concepção da diferenciação na sociedade moderna tende a um formalismo pouco produtivo quando se leva às últimas consequências a intransitividade operativa dos códigos binários, a oposição entre diferenciação e hierarquização, assim como a impossibilidade de pensar processos de indiferenciação. Contra tal rigidez formalista do conceito de diferenciação funcional em Luhmann, neste artigo defende-se que a enunciação clássica da autonomização das esferas sociais na Consideração Intermediária – na medida em que Weber a princípio pensa tal processo a partir das possíveis afinidades, tensões e mesmo colonizações entre as diferentes esferas – oferece uma heurística da (in)diferenciação potente e flexível para pensar a sociedade moderna e contemporânea, livrando-nos de um conjunto de impasses postos pelo conceito luhmanniano de diferenciação funcional.

EKSISTENSI AGAMA DALAM ERA GLOBALISASI

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muttaqin
Keyword(s):  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Religious People ◽  
The People ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Extreme Behavior ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Immanuel Wallerstein ◽  
Former Ussr

This paper discusses the existence of religion in globalization era.Religious values, which are private, sacral, and transcendent, interact with theglobalization circle, which seems to be contradictory with religion.Globalization is utilitarian  as its nature and it results in vanish of local values or cultures. However, none can avoid, neither can religious people. Responds to globalization frequently occur in extreme behavior since some people thinks that globalization will threat their existence in this world. Such responds make the people labeled as fundamentalists or terrorists, and many of them have religious background.  Some of religious groups extremely rejecting globalization can be found states of former USSR, Japan, and Iran. Finally, this paper presents the forms and  positions of  religion suggested by four figures, i.e. Immanuel Wallerstein, John Meyer, Roland Robertson, and Niklas Luhmann. They suggest that the religions will keep their existence if they adopt the values of globalization and make themselves the instrument of communication as well as political and economic interaction of the world’s interaction. Religion should evolve from narrow mindedness to a broader, new, and universal values.

Die Regierung der Wissenschaft im Peer Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2020) ◽  
pp. 100-123
Author(s):  
Cornelia Schendzielorz ◽  
Martin Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Wird Eine

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der fallvergleichenden Analyse des unübersichtlichen Evaluierungsphänomens Peer Review. Ausgehend von der Vielfalt des Peer Review als Gegenstand der Soziologie des Bewertens wird eine Untersuchungsperspektive entwickelt, die Peer Review als Entscheidungsmechanismus über knappe Ressourcen in seiner Verfahrensförmigkeit und Steuerungsfunktion einer empirisch vergleichenden Verfahrensanalyse zugänglich macht. Der Forschungsansatz kombiniert die praxeologischen (Stefan Hirschauer) und funktionalistischen Verfahrensanalysen (Niklas Luhmann) mit konzeptionellen Ansätzen aus der Soziologie des Bewertens und ermöglicht es, relevante Parameter zur Differenzierung und Typologisierung von Peer Review in der Wissenschaft zu bestimmen. Anhand dessen werden spezifische Tätigkeiten herausgearbeitet, die als elementare Bestandteile von Peer-Review-Verfahren identifizierbar sind. Unterschiedliche Peer-Review-Prozesse lassen sich damit anhand ihres Komplexitätsgrades bestimmen und im Spannungsverhältnis von Selbst- und Fremdsteuerung als Evaluationspolitik verorten.

O processo histórico de evolução do direito na Sociologia de Niklas Luhmann

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Vladimir De Carvalho Luz
Keyword(s):  
Niklas Luhmann

O presente artigo analisa os elementos centrais da proposta teórica de Niklas Luhmann sobre o processo histórico de diferenciação estrutural do direito moderno no ocidente. Nesse sentido, num primeiro momento, realiza-se um breve inventário das influências da Sociologia funcionalista e seus desdobramentos no pensamento de Luhmann. Em um segundo momento, basicamente a partir de sua obra o Direito da Sociedade, tem-se como ponto de chegada do presente artigo a análise da ideia de evolução como categoria central para a Teoria dos Sistemas de Luhmann, a partir da qual, para este autor, a diferenciação estrutural do direito positivo poderia ser melhor entendida em seu processo histórico de variação.

Å beslutte med henblikk på risiko? – Når politikken dytter ansvaret over på barnevernets ansatte

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Hilde Anette Aamodt
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Child Welfare Service ◽  
Welfare Service ◽  
Safe Side ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Rational Program ◽  
Risk Policy

Artikkelens tema er hvordan barnevernet, gjennom sine kommunikative beslutninger, skaper praksis. Mer konkret har jeg undersøkt hvordan saksbehandlerne i barnevernetsundersøkelser kommer frem til beslutninger gjennom å forholde seg til ulike forventninger. Gjennom analysen synliggjøres det hvordan barnevernetsundersøkelser langt på veiblir styrt av forventninger den enkelte saksbehandler og forelder ønsker å innfri. Disse handler for eksempel om å ha minst en samtale med barnet, samt å følge en undersøkerplan. Dermed blir det å ikke følge undersøkerplanen eller det å ikke snakke med barnet sett som usikre handlingsvalg mot målet om å sikre ”den gode undersøkelse”. Barnevernets beslutninger vil dermed inngå i et i et rasjonaliseringsprogram hvor hensikten eller målet er å unngå risiko. På den måten synes barnevernetsundersøkelser å være styrt av en risikopolitikk som tjenerhensikten å være på den sikre siden og hvor fremtidens nødvendige uvisshetblirbarnevernets problem. Risikopolitikken bringer barnevernetinn i enpraksis det ikke selv har definert og setter dermed barnevernetinn i en tilstandav fare. Politikken påleggerbarnevernet å omsette alle svake punkter tilforebyggelsesprogrammer med den hensikten å sikre ”den gode praksis”. Detbetyr en praksis hvor standardisering og maler blir de mest opplagte svarene.På den måtenblir det barnevernet som organisasjon som bærer ansvaret foreventuelle feilvurderinger – ikke den politikken som ligger til grunn for handlingene.Ansvaret dyttes dermed over på barnevernets ansatte. Søgeord: Niklas Luhmann, risikopolitikk, barnevern, beslutninger, sosialtarbeid ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Hilde AnetteAamodt: Making decisions due to “risk” The purpose of this article is to analyze how child welfare services create practice through communicative decisions. It analyzes how caseworkers in child welfare investigations arrive at their decisions by dealing with different expectations. The analysis showed that child welfare investigations are controlled to a great extent by a predetermined template that defines what will happen during these investigations. The caseworkers have clear expectations as they attempt to follow fulfill the plan. These include having at least one conversation with the child, as well as following the examination template. Therefore not doing one or either of these is considered an unsafe action as regards “doing a good examination.” Decisions about the child’s welfare will therefore be part of a rational program, where the purpose or goal is to avoid risk. In that way, child welfare investigations appear to be governed by a risk policy that serves the purpose of being on the safe side, and where any uncertainties in the future become the problem of the welfare agency. This risk policy means that the child welfare service practice is not clearly defined, hence endangering child welfare. The policy requires the child welfare service to transform all weak points in the prevention programs to ensure “good practice”. This means that standardization and templates are the most obvious answers to good practice. In this way, the child welfare service is an organization which bears responsibility itself for any errors of judgment – not the policies themselves. Responsibility is hence transferred to the child welfare service employees. Keywords: NiklasLuhmann, risk politics, social work, child welfare, decisions

Excursus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Schlieter
Keyword(s):  
Life Review ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Thomas Nagel ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation

This chapter, an excursus, embarks on a more philosophical interpretation of consciousness and experience. Building on Thomas Nagel and Niklas Luhmann, it is argued that human consciousness, defined as a process of self-reproduction of never-ending new possibilities, is perplexed by the task of imagining its own nonexistence. Given that consciousness is not equipped for this task, that is to imagine death (its own nonexistence), it will react with a search for meaning, a context for the existential threat. The excursus argues that this leads to the highly accelerated activity of consciousness. It may result in a phenomenon reported by a certain number of near-death experiencers, namely, the life review. In short, then, the life review is a highly accelerated search for meaning. These deliberations are further substantiated by a comparison with “wake-up dreams,” in which a similar structure becomes visible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document