scholarly journals Assessment of undernutrition among Santal children of Bolpur-Sriniketan block of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Mithu Bhadra ◽  
◽  
Maitrayee Mitra ◽  
Shubhrakanti Baul ◽  
Ashish Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Height For Age

Present cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 348 pre-primary and primary school going Santal children aged 4 to 10 years which includes 186 boys and 162 girls of Bolpur-Sriniketan Block, Birbhum, West Bengal. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were measured using standard procedure. The analyses reveals that the mean value of height of boys is slightly greater than that of the girls but the mean value of both weight and BMI of girls are slightly greater than those of the boys. The differences in height, weight and BMI between boys and girls were not statistically significant. The age group wise distribution of undernutrition of both boys and girls were identified by calculating age specific z-scores values. On the basis of both weight for age and BMI for age, the percentage of severe and moderate underweight is higher among the boys than the girls. On the basis of height for age, the percentage of severe stunting is higher among the boys than the girls but the percentage of moderate stunting is higher among the girls than the boys. The study concludes that the boys are more affected by undernutrition in the form of underweight and stunting than girls.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of under-five children in rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Liton Chandra Sen ◽  
Md. Sabbir Ahmed ◽  
Abu Shoeb Md. Touhiduzzaman ◽  
Soumitra Mandal ◽  
AH Towfique Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Childhood Stunting ◽  
Height For Age

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Dumki Upazila of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among the under-five children. Anthropometric measurements were taken from all children, aged 0-59 months in the studied area using wooden height board and digital weight machine. We used WHO Anthro software for analyzing the z scores of the children. A total of 4409 (2296 boys and 2113 girls) under five children were counted for anthropometric analysis.  Regarding the Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), the study revealed that the prevalence of stunting was 27.10% (95% CI: 25.8-28.5) of the children while 7.80% (95% CI: 7-8.6) were severe stunting. By assessing the Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), the study showed that 11.20% (95% CI: 10.3-12.1) were wasting whereas 3% (95% CI 2.5-3.5) were severe wasting. According to Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), about 18.20% (95% CI: 17-19.3) were underweight and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5-4.7) were underweight. The findings of the study show that prevalence of stunting is very high. Focusing on childhood stunting is a high priority, and there should be comprehensive efforts to increase the overall nutritional status of the under-five children in this area.

A Comparative Study between Conventional and Modified Leishman Stain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Rizwana Abdul Hye ◽  
Bindiya Gisuthan ◽  
Indira Kariveettil
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Period

Introduction: Leishman stain has been used as the stain of choice for peripheral blood films since many decades .But it has a disadvantage of consuming 15 minutes for the procedure alone thereby increasing the turn around time of peripheral smear reporting. In this study modified Leishman stain was made by adding phenol to conventional Leishman to reduce the staining time to 3 minutes without interfering with the quality of stain. Aim: To study the quality of modified Leishman stain in comparison with conventional preparation on peripheral blood smears. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in Central Haematology laboratory of a tertiary health care centre in Southern India. A pilot study was done to determine the ideal ratio of phenol to Leishman powder in preparing modified stain without compromising the staining quality. After obtaining consent, the blood sample was collected in anticoagulated vials. Sample size was calculated to be 85.Two thin wedge smears were prepared from each sample and one was stained with conventional Leishman stain and other with modified Leishman stain. The staining characteristics were assessed and scored by an experienced pathologist in terms of 6 parameters- RBC pattern, nuclear pattern, neutrophil granules, eosinophil granules, platelets and background staining. The grades were 1, 2, 3 & 4 (poor, satisfied, good and excellent). Smears each with grades 2, 3 and 4 were selected for study. The results were analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0. Result: The mean value for the staining quality using conventional method was 4.73 and for modified method was 5.39, and the total score possible is 6. Photomicrograph showed excellent results with modified Leishman stain. Thus from these values we can interpret that modified method gave much more acceptable results than that of conventional method. Conclusion: Unlike the conventional method which requires a total of 15 minutes, to complete the staining process, modified Leishman staining techniques takes only 3 minutes. Blood films can be stained within a short period of time thus aiding in rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients. Keywords: Leishman stain, Modified Leishman stain, Phenol.

scholarly journals Oral contraceptive among risk factors for women with ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Carla S. PALUDO ◽  
Amanda SACHETTI ◽  
Maiara S. PAIXÃO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of use of oral contraceptives and other risk factors among women with ischemic stroke seen at a hospital in the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study. The population was characterized by patients admitted with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke during a period from March to August 2019 and the sample by female patients found in the population. The data were collected through an individual interview using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and tabulated for further analysis. All analyzes were performed using the statistical program Bioestat 5.0, considering p = 0.05. Results: In the characterization of the sample, an average age of 68.2 years was observed. The occurrence of gender was 52.4% for women. The mean hospital stay was 12.2 ± 8.91 days. Outcome of hospital discharge was 89.1%. The mean value of body mass index was 25 ± 4.89 kg / m², with an average of 27.4 kg / m² in patients who used oral contraceptives and 25.23 kg / m² in patients who did not use oral contraceptives. The sample had a 34.5%incidence of oral contraceptive use. The average age of those who used oral contraceptives was 62.4 years and of the patients who did not use it was 70.3 years. Conclusion: The study showed a high use of oral contraceptives in the sample, with percentage values very close to other factors evaluated, thus showing itself as a probable risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Facteurs Épidémiologiques et Pronostiques Associés Aux Étiologies Des Hémorragies Digestives Hautes au CHU Campus de Lomé

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Aklesso Bagny ◽  
Lidawu Roland-Moise Kogoe ◽  
Laconi Yeba Kaaga ◽  
Late Mawuli Lawson-Ananissoh ◽  
Debehoma Redah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hémorragies Digestives ◽  
Upper Gi Bleeding ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
The Mean

Objectif : Décrire les aspects épidémiologique, clinique et pronostique associés aux étiologies des hémorragies digestives hautes au CHU Campus de Lomé Patients et méthode: Etude transversale à collecte rétrospective, à visée descriptive et analytique menée du 1er Janvier 2014 au 31 Décembre 2019. Le seuil de significativité était retenu pour p<0,05. Résultats: Deux cent cinquante et un patients avaient été inclus. L’hémorragie était d’origine hypertensive portale chez 69 patients (27,71%) ; ulcéreuse gastro-duodénale chez 100 patients (39,84%). Chez 25 patients (9,96%), la fibroscopie oesogastroduodénale était normale. Une rupture de varices oesophagiennes était retrouvée chez 98,55% des patients présentant une hypertension portale. Les ulcères gastroduodénaux représentaient 54,94% des hémorragies digestives hautes d’origine non hypertensive portale. La valeur moyenne du score de Rockall était de 4(±1) chez les patients présentant une hémorragie d’origine hypertensive et de 3(±1) chez les patients avec hémorragie non hypertensive portale (p<0,001). La valeur moyenne du score de Glasgow-Blatchford était de 10(±3) chez les patients présentant une hémorragie d’origine hypertensive et 9(±3) chez les patients avec hémorragie digestive haute d’origine non hypertensive (p<0,001). La récidive hémorragique et le décès étaient survenus chez les patients présentant un saignement d’origine hypertensive portale dans respectivement 54,84% (p<0,001) et 71,42% (p<0,001). Conclusion: Les lésions inflammatoires aiguës et chroniques représentent la première étiologie des hémorragies digestives hautes dans le service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie du CHU Campus. Ces hémorragies sont associées à la prise de médicaments gastrotoxiques et à un moindre risque de récidive hémorragique et de décès. Objective: To describe epidemiological et prognostic outcomes associated with etiologies upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Campus Teaching Hospital of Lome Patients and method: Cross-sectional study with retrospective collection, descriptive and analytical aim carried out from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. Results: Two hundred and one patients were included. The hemorrhage was of portal hypertensive origin in 69 patients (27.71%); peptic ulcer in 100 patients (39.84%). In 25 patients (9.96%), the oesogastroduodenal fibroscopy was normal. Ruptured esophageal varices were found in 98.55% of patients with portal hypertension. Peptic ulcers accounted for 54.94% of upper GI bleeding of non-portal hypertensive origin. The mean value of the Rockall score was 4(±1) in patients with hemorrhage of hypertensive origin and 3(±1) in patients with non-portal hypertensive hemorrhage (p<0.001). The mean Glasgow-Blatchford score was 10(±3) in patients with hemorrhage of hypertensive origin and 9(±3) in patients with upper GI hemorrhage of nonhypertensive origin (p<0.001). Hemorrhagic recurrence and death occurred in patients with bleeding of hypertensive origin in 54.84% (p<0.001) and 71.42% (p<0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Acute and chronic inflammatory lesions represent the first etiology of upper GI bleeding in the Gastroenterology Department of the Campus Teaching Hospital of Lome. These hemorrhages are associated with the use of gastrotoxic drugs and with a lower risk of recurrence of hemorrhage and death.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia on HAART and HAART naive HIV positive clients attending Debre Tabor Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anemut Tilahun Mulu ◽  
Getachew Yideg Yitbarek ◽  
Fitalew Tadele Admasu ◽  
Chalachew Yenew Denekew ◽  
Biruk Demissie Melese
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Debre Tabor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: HAART has been reported to be associated with a number of side effects in human immunodeficiency virus patients among which dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder. Methods: A facility based comparative cross-sectional study among 228 HIV positive persons was conducted from July to August 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Fasting venous blood sample was drawn for Lipid profiles and CD4 cell determination. Anthropometric measurement was done. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 for windows. Result: A total of 228 HIV patients were enrolled in the study. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in HAART naive and on HAART HIV positive persons was 61(53.5%) and 84 (73.7%), respectively. The prevalence of TC≥200 mg/dl was 50% and 30%; HLD-c<40 mg/dl was 43.8% and 36%; LDL-c≥130mg/dl was 48.3% and 28.1%; and TG≥150 mg/dl 59.6% and 39% among on HAART and HAART naïve, respectively. Age greater than 40 years (AOR = 3.27, 95% C.I: 1.47 - 7.25), blood pressure ≥ 140/90 (AOR = 16.13, 95% C.I: 5.81 - 44.75), being on HAART (AOR = 2.73, 95 % C.I: 1.35 - 5.53) and body mass index > 25kg/m2 (AOR = 1.92, 95 % C.I: 1.20 - 4.81) were identified as determinants of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The mean value of lipid profile was significantly higher among HIV positive clients on HAART as compared to those HAART naïve HIV positive clients.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the dental caries in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e32810111226
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bohrer Bolsson ◽  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Marília Cunha Maroneze ◽  
Maísa Casarin ◽  
Patrícia Pasquali Dotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

Objective: To assess factors associated with the average number of dental caries in pregnant women. Method: Basic research design: This cross-sectional study was performed between January 2017 and December 2018 in Santa Maria, Brazil. Clinical setting and participants: Multistage random sampling resulted in the recruitment of 256 pregnant women from public health centers across the city. Clinical exams and semi-structured questionnaires including demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral questions were performed by trained interviewers. Main outcome measure: The experience of dental caries was evaluated through the mean value of the Decay, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) by 4 trained and calibrated examiners. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the influence of different variables on the average number of dental caries. Rate ratio (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated (CI 95%). Results: The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 62.7% in the sample, while the mean DMFS index was 10.27 (± 10.92). Women who smoked during pregnancy had a higher mean DMFS (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.25-1.57). Furthermore, pregnant women who had poor self-ratings of oral health had a higher average DMFS (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10-1.32). Conclusions: The results showed that older age, ethnicity, fewer years in education and the presence of dental plaque resulted in higher means of DMFS.

PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AMONG IRANIAN GEORGIANS

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
LALEH RAFIEE ◽  
MOSTAFA SAADAT
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

SummaryConsanguineous marriage – marriage between relatives – has received a great deal of attention as a potential risk factor for many adverse health outcomes. The present cross-sectional study was done in order to illustrate the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages among Iranian Georgians living in Frydoonshahr (Isfahan province, central Iran). Data on consanguineous marriages were collected using a simple questionnaire. The total number of couples in this study was 646. Consanguineous marriage was classified by the degree of relationship between couples. First cousin marriages (14.2%) were the most common type of consanguineous marriages, followed by second cousin (7.0%), beyond second cousin (1.5%) and first cousin once removed (0.6%). The mean inbreeding coefficient (α) was calculated as 0.0104 for the population. The present study shows that the study population, as other Iranian populations, has a high level of consanguinity.

scholarly journals IgM Anti PGL-1 Antibody Level in Patients with Leprosy: A Comparative Study between Ear Lobes Capillary and Median Cubital Vein Blood Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1346-1348
Author(s):  
Khairina Nasution ◽  
Kristina Nadeak ◽  
Syahril Rahmat Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Median Cubital Vein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels

BACKGROUND: To establish the diagnosis of leprosy accurately, additional examination such as serologic examination with ELISA is required. There are considerations about taking a blood sample from the earlobe region.AIM: To determine the differences in IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody levels from earlobe capillary and median cubital vein blood sample in leprosy patients.METHODS: An observational analytic study using a cross-sectional study involving 30 patients with leprosy. ELISA examination of earlobe blood samples with filter paper, and the median cubital vein blood samples with filter paper and conventional methods were performed to determine IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody levels.RESULTS: The mean value of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels from earlobe blood samples with filter paper (1476.62 μ/ml) was relatively similar with median cubital vein blood samples with conventional method (1476.77 μ/ml), but the mean value of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels from median cubital vein blood samples with filter paper (1210.37 μ/ml) was lower from other methods. However, there was no statistically significant difference between them.CONCLUSION: There are no significant differences between the mean levels of IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody from earlobe and the median cubital vein blood samples.

scholarly journals A comparison of nutritional status of rural and urban adolescent girls from schools in North India: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1996
Author(s):  
Neha Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
North India ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age

Background: Adolescence is a nutritionally vulnerable period for a number of specific reasons, including high requirements for growth, eating patterns and lifestyles, risk-taking behaviour and, susceptibility to social and environmental influences. The objectives of the study were to compare the nutritional status of rural and urban school going adolescent girls by anthropometric measurements.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban as well as rural schools of Haldwani block of district Nainital from October 2012 to September 2014. Multistage random sampling was used to select the requisite number, 770 (443 rural and 327 urban) of school going adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years of age, who were interviewed and anthropometric measurements were recorded for assessing the nutritional status. WHO 2007 growth standards for 5-19 years old for girls was followed. Height-for-age Z scores and BMI-for-age Z scores were calculated with help of WHO Anthro Plus Software version 1.0.4. Data was analysed using SPSS v.20.Results: Mean weight and mean BMI of adolescent girls in urban area was significantly higher than those in rural area, while mean height in two groups was not significantly different. Mean height-for-age and the mean BMI-for-age of the study girls was below median of the 2007 WHO reference throughout the adolescent period.Conclusions: Thinness was significantly higher in rural girls while overweight and obesity was not significantly different in rural and urban girls. 

scholarly journals Gonial Angle by Lateral Cephalogram in Orthodontic Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Bajracharya ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Pushkar Manandhar ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The Gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex for growth Patterns prediction. The gonial angle on lateral cephalometric radiograph represents the mandibular morphology concerning mandibular body and ramus. The objective of this study was to find out the mean value of gonial angle in lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients of orthodontic department in a tertiary care center. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from the Department of Orthodontics at People’s Dental College and Hospital between 8th December 2020 to 8th February 2021 at People’s Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal after obtaining Ethical approval (Reference Number. 01, CH100 09,2077/2078) by the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect 166 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms radiographs of patients between 17-30 years. Data were collected and entered using Statistical Package of Social Science 16. Results: The mean value of gonial angle on lateral cephalogram radiographs was 132.84±3.70 in hyperdivergent, 119.94±5.57 in hypodivergent and 124.06±3.88 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns and between male and female were 132.52±4.32, 133.07±3.28 in hyperdivergent, 121.46±3.78, 119.14±6.42 in hypodivergent and 123.74±5.14, 123.94±3.90 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of Orthodontic Patients. Conclusions: The gonial angle value on lateral cephalometric radiographs was greater in hyperdivergent than hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns. The hyperdivergent vertical skeletal pattern of female was greater than of male patient’s lateral cephalometric radiographs while hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of males were greater than female lateral cephalogram radiographs of Nepalese orthodontic patients.

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