scholarly journals Microbial endophytes: an untapped resource with antitumor and anti-microbial properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Preetinder Kaur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Clinical Grade ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Untapped Resource

Endophytes (mostly fungi and bacteria) are the microorganisms living in close symbiotic association with plants. Endophytes growing within medicinal plants in hostile environments are considered to produce novel as well as chemically and structurally diverse secondary metabolites. These metabolites are being used as clinical grade drug targets due to their less toxicity over other conventional drugs for diseases like cancer, microbial infections. Endophytes extracts are also exploited in food, agrichemical and biotechnology industries. Asparaginase of bacterial origin is widely used antitumor drug. The quint essential role of endophytes is their activity against microorganisms which can open gates in the field of biomedical research. This review mainly focuses on endophytes from medicinal plants as a source of antitumor and antimicrobial agents. Also highlights the need to focus on finding alternatives methods of endophytes isolation and production as well as characterization, purification and genetic transformations in order get maximum benefits.

scholarly journals Marine Bacterial Secondary Metabolites: A Treasure House for Structurally Unique and Effective Antimicrobial Compounds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Ramanathan Srinivasan ◽  
Arunachalam Kannappan ◽  
Chunlei Shi ◽  
Xiangmin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Untapped Resource

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs in preventing and treating infectious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Because of the burgeoning growth of microbes with antimicrobial-resistant traits, there is a dire need to identify and develop novel and effective antimicrobial agents to treat infections from antimicrobial-resistant strains. The marine environment is rich in ecological biodiversity and can be regarded as an untapped resource for prospecting novel bioactive compounds. Therefore, exploring the marine environment for antimicrobial agents plays a significant role in drug development and biomedical research. Several earlier scientific investigations have proven that bacterial diversity in the marine environment represents an emerging source of structurally unique and novel antimicrobial agents. There are several reports on marine bacterial secondary metabolites, and many are pharmacologically significant and have enormous promise for developing effective antimicrobial drugs to combat microbial infections in drug-resistant pathogens. In this review, we attempt to summarize published articles from the last twenty-five years (1996–2020) on antimicrobial secondary metabolites from marine bacteria evolved in marine environments, such as marine sediment, water, fauna, and flora.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Quirino Province, Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1382-1386
Author(s):  
Annalene Grace E. Co
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Medicinal plants have bioactive components which are used for curing various human diseases. They also play an essential role in healing. Fresh fruits and leaves of collected plant samples were used following standard solvent extraction protocol and qualitative analysis to detect secondary plant metabolites. The ethanolic extracts of eight indigenous medicinal plants of Quirino Province, Cagayan Valley, Philippines, were subjected to phytochemical analysis. Results confirmed alkaloids, saponins, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in specific extracts. The inferences of the findings are discussed in light of the role of indigenous plants in the traditional medicinal system.

scholarly journals Genetics in Osteoarthritis Knee

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar Nath Srivastava ◽  
Amar Chandra Sharma ◽  
Sudeepti Ratan Srivastava ◽  
Saloni Raj ◽  
Lavini Raj
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Osteoarthritis Knee ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Joint Disorder

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disorder with a complex pathogeny wherein diverse factors interact, causing a process of deterioration of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. It can be primary or secondary but has common clinical, radiological, and pathological manifestations. Unfortunately, there are no curative or preventive options available for this disease. The knee is the most common site to develop OA among all synovial joints. Both environmental and genetic factors play an essential role in the initiation of the disease. Identifying the genes underlying the genetic background could give new insights into the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and could potentially lead to new drug targets. Several genes involving developmental processes or maintenance of cartilage and bone are found to be associated with KOA susceptibility and progression. Understanding the gene functions has improved the knowledge towards the disease pathogenesis. So, it will be of interest to investigate the role of gene-gene interaction in the disease.

Essential role of Sharpin in TNFα dependent NFκB activation in primary hepatocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Lange ◽  
S Sieber ◽  
A Erhardt ◽  
G Sass ◽  
HJ Kreienkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes

Different Abilities of Thrombin Receptor Activating Peptide and Thrombin to Induce Platelet Calcium Rise and Full Release Reaction

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (05) ◽  
pp. 1323-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lasne ◽  
José Donato ◽  
Hervé Falet ◽  
Francine Rendu
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Thrombin Receptor ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
External Calcium ◽  
Maximum Rise ◽  
Granule Release

SummarySynthetic peptides (TRAP or Thrombin Receptor Activating Peptide) corresponding to at least the first five aminoacids of the new N-terminal tail generated after thrombin proteolysis of its receptor are effective to mimic thrombin. We have studied two different TRAPs (SFLLR, and SFLLRN) in their effectiveness to induce the different platelet responses in comparison with thrombin. Using Indo-1/AM- labelled platelets, the maximum rise in cytoplasmic ionized calcium was lower with TRAPs than with thrombin. At threshold concentrations allowing maximal aggregation (50 μM SFLLR, 5 μM SFLLRN and 1 nM thrombin) the TRAPs-induced release reaction was about the same level as with thrombin, except when external calcium was removed by addition of 1 mM EDTA. In these conditions, the dense granule release induced by TRAPs was reduced by over 60%, that of lysosome release by 75%, compared to only 15% of reduction in the presence of thrombin. Thus calcium influx was more important for TRAPs-induced release than for thrombin-induced release. At strong concentrations giving maximal aggregation and release in the absence of secondary mediators (by pretreatment with ADP scavengers plus aspirin), SFLLRN mobilized less calcium, with a fast return towards the basal level and induced smaller lysosome release than did thrombin. The results further demonstrate the essential role of external calcium in triggering sustained and full platelet responses, and emphasize the major difference between TRAP and thrombin in mobilizing [Ca2+]j. Thus, apart from the proteolysis of the seven transmembrane receptor, another thrombin binding site or thrombin receptor interaction is required to obtain full and complete responses.

Collagen-Induced Platelet Aggregation: -Evidence Against the Essential Role of Platelet Adenosine Diphosphate

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1193-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe hypothesis that platelet ADP is responsible for collagen-induced aggregation has been re-examined. It was found that the concentration of ADP obtaining in human PRP at the onset of aggregation was not sufficient to account for that aggregation. Furthermore, the time-course of collagen-induced release in human PRP was the same as that in sheep PRP where ADP does not cause release. These findings are not consistent with claims that ADP alone perpetuates a collagen-initiated release-aggregation-release sequence. The effects of high doses of collagen, which released 4-5 μM ADP, were not inhibited by 500 pM adenosine, a concentration that greatly reduced the effect of 300 μM ADP. Collagen caused aggregation in ADP-refractory PRP and in platelet suspensions unresponsive to 1 mM ADP. Thus human platelets can aggregate in response to collagen under circumstances in which they cannot respond to ADP. Apyrase inhibited aggregation and ATP release in platelet suspensions but not in human PRP. Evidence is presented that the means currently used to examine the role of ADP in aggregation require investigation.

Le premier moment de l’art dans À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust – une « leçon d’idéalisme » ?

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Larisa Botnari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Marcel Proust ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
Lost Time ◽  
Aesthetic Thinking

Although very famous, some key moments of the novel In Search of Lost Time, such as those of the madeleine or the uneven pavement, often remain enigmatic for the reader. Our article attempts to formulate a possible philosophical interpretation of the narrator's experiences during these scenes, through a confrontation of the Proustian text with the ideas found in the System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) of the German philosopher F. W. J. Schelling. We thus try to highlight the essential role of the self in Marcel Proust's aesthetic thinking, by showing that the mysterious happiness felt by the narrator, and from which the project of creating a work of art is ultimately born, is similar to the experiences of pure self-consciousness evoked and analyzed by Schellingian philosophy of art.

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