scholarly journals Knowledge and Health-Belief as Predictor of Prevention and Management of Childhood Diarrhoea at Federal Medical Centre, Owo

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Ogunmiluyi O.M. ◽  
Ayodele A.
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Childhood Diarrhoea ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Nursing Mothers

Childhood diarrhoea is found to be the second main cause of under-five mortality the world over, in the developing countries. Therefore, the study examines the health beliefs of mothers as predictors of prevention and management of childhood diarrhoea in Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State. The study employs a descriptive cross-sectional survey research, a consecutive sampling technique to select 166 mothers of under-five children at the Children Outpatient Clinic of FMC, Owo. A mixed method analysis of quantitative and in-depth interviews was utilized to retrieve information from mothers of under-five children in FMC, Owo. The demographic information and research question was analysed using descriptive statistics while the research hypothesis was analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Linear regression. The results revealed that, more than half of the mothers have average knowledge of childhood diarrhoea. Across all the factors, there was a moderate level of health belief in the prevention of childhood diarrhoea among the nursing mothers of under-five children. 66.5% Average level of management of childhood diarrhoea. The first hypothesis indicated a significant relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and prevention of childhood diarrhoea among nursing mothers in under-five children in FMC, Owo Marital Status, 0.625, Occupation, 0.788, income of mother, 0.911, ethnicity, 0.771 and level of education, 0.604) and the prevention of childhood diarrhoea, this was significant 0.05 level of significance. However, religion was not significantly related with the prevention of childhood diarrhoea and prevention of childhood diarrhoea among nursing mothers of under-five children in FMC, Owo (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and management of childhood diarrhoea among nursing mothers of under-five children in FMC, Owo (r=0.779, df=165, p<0.05). The study recommends that there is a need for public health physicians, social workers to provide nutritional educational programs about diarrhoea should be implemented for mothers in different community health services. Government should enforce good sanitation and improvement of housing conditions, especially water resources in rural areas.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽  
Yu-Yun Hsu ◽  
Ya-Min Cheng ◽  
Shu-Hsin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Association Between Household Air Pollution and Infant and Child Mortality in Myanmar: Evidence From The First Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Rakibul M Islam ◽  
Razia Aliani ◽  
Youssef Oulhote
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking has been considered a public health threat, particularly for women and children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited evidence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of HAP on neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality in Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS), the first nationally representative survey conducted in 2016. Data were collected from MDHS based on stratified two-stage cluster sampling design applied in urban and rural areas. The sample consists of 3249 under-five children in the household with a 98% response rate. Exposure measures were HAP (coal and biomass) and level of exposure to HAP (no exposure, moderate and high exposure). The main outcomes were neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality reported by mothers presented in rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, accounting for survey weight and cluster variation. Results: The prevalence of SFU was 79.0%. The neonatal, infant and under-five child mortality rates were 26, 45, and 49 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The risks of infant (aRR 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.05) and under-five mortality (aRR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.07-4.36) mortality were higher among children from households with SFU compared to children from households using clean fuel. When applying an augmented measure of exposure to HAP by incorporating SFU and the kitchen's location, the likelihoods of infant and under-five mortality were even higher among moderate and highly exposed children than unexposed children with similar trends. Neonatal mortality was not associated with either HAP exposure or levels of exposure to HAP.Conclusion: Infants and under-five children are at higher risk of mortality from exposure to HAP. Increasing access to cookstoves and clean fuels is imperative to reduce the risk of infant and under-five child mortality in LMICs, including Myanmar.

scholarly journals Manuscript title: Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract BackgroundUndernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. ResultsThe mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.ConclusionsFactors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration-Trial registration number:CTRI/2017/12/010881;Registration date:14/12/2017. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. Results The mean age of the children was 2.38years (±SD 1.365) and mean age of mothers was 24.25(± SD6.37) years.Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001)in children underfive were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were more affected by stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight.Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.Conclusion Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.The trial registration-This article is part of baseline data of the project, hence not related to trial registration. After baseline data principal investigator had done trial registration retrospectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Improving Housing Conditions on Early Childhood Health in Rural Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Obbey A. Elamin
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Early Childhood Health ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Piped Water

Improving housing sector in rural areas is important to improve health status of under-five children. Propensity score matching using nonparametric kernel estimates is used to examine the effect of improving rural structure of houses in rural Sudan and provide them with services like access to clean piped water, sanitation on improving under-five children health. The prevalence of diarrhoea and cough in rural Sudan are used as measures of health outcome and data from the Sudan Household Health Survey in 2010 is used. Our results show that providing houses with piped water can reduce prevalence of diarrhoea and cough by 22 and 24 percentage points, respectively. Gas cooking fuel reduces the prevalence rates by 26 and 29 percentage points, respectively. Construction materials of walls have strong impact on reducing the prevalence of both illnesses. We recommend that the quality of piped water should be observed and maintained in good standard to ensure that clean water is supplies to the household sector. Developing the housing sector in the rural has many advantages in improving early childhood health in Sudan and it should be one of the priorities of the government.

scholarly journals Optional Vaccines for Better Immunization : Awareness among Mothers

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-056
Author(s):  
M.H. Punarva
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Structured Teaching ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Health Teaching

AbstractEffectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of optional vaccines among mothers of under five children in selected rural areas. The Sample include 30 mothers of under five children.Research approach was quantitative - evaluative approach anddesign used was quasi experimental pretestposttest design.In the first phase, researcher assessed pretest knowledge and health teaching was given to selected mothers with the duration of 45 minutes. The posttest knowledge was assessed over a period of 7 days after the intervention. The community participation has found to be effective with a Paired t valve (P<0.001) shows significance which indicates community participation was effective in terms of knowledge pain.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Getachew ◽  
Tadesse Guadu ◽  
Alebachew Tadie ◽  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Mulat Gebrehiwot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence ◽  
One Year ◽  
North Gondar Zone

Background. Diarrheal disease remains one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by settings and have important implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess diarrhea prevalence and sociodemographic factors among under-five children in rural areas of North Gondar Zone. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 among 736 randomly selected households with one child under five years old. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting information on sociodemographic characteristics and diarrheal occurrence. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between risk factors and diarrheal occurrence, and a p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. A total of 736 under-five children and their respondents were enrolled during the study period. Almost all respondents were biological mothers 96.4% (709/736), married 94.2% (693/736), and house wives 86% (632/736). The overall prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children was 22.1% (163/743). Of these, children with age group of less than one year old, 7.7 % (57/736), were commonly infected with diarrheal diseases. Children less than or equal to one year [AOR=1.82, 95% CI= (1.39, 4.63)], guardians [AOR=4.37, 95% CI= (1.73, 11.1)], and children with no breast feeding practice [AOR=3.13, 95% CI= (1.62, 6.03)] were the major risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea. Conclusion. Childhood diarrhea remains an important health concern in the study area. Occurrence of diarrhea was statistically associated with child age less than or equal to one year, educational status of mother/guardians, and breast feeding. To minimize the magnitude childhood diarrhea, various designing and implementing strategies, such as health education, child care, breast feeding, and weaning practice, integrated with the existing national health extension are quite essential.

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in urban and rural areas of puducherry, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
SGanesh Kumar ◽  
Anindo Majumdar ◽  
Veera Kumar ◽  
BijayNanda Naik ◽  
Kalaiselvi Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Utilization of Mosquito Nets and Malaria Related Under-Five Mortality in Abia State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Imo, Chukwuechefulam Kingsley ◽  
Isiugo-Abanihe, Uche Charlie
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Mosquito Nets

In spite of huge global investments in the production and distribution of mosquito nets to protect people from malaria; it has continued to militate against the reduction of mortality in Nigeria. The study, therefore, examined the nexus between utilization of mosquito nets and malaria related under-five health outcome. Two local government areas were randomly selected from each of the three senatorial districts, and stratified along urban and rural communities. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 609 mothers within childbearing age and who had under-five children across the communities. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression at p<0.05, and thematic content analysis were used for data analyses. The respondents’ age was 32.6±5.8 years, 84.6% were married/living together, 55.0% had secondary education, while 42.7% were in paid/civil service jobs. Under-five mortality was 19.3% higher amongst rural than urban dwellers. Ownership of mosquito nets (treated or untreated) varied by place of residence with 60.1% and 39.9% for urban and rural areas respectively. About 62% of the dead under-five children never slept under mosquito nets. The likelihood of under-five mortality significantly increased by nonownership of mosquito nets (Odds-Ratio (OR): 2.476) and reduced by number of mosquito nets (OR: 0.278). Wrong methods adopted by mothers in using mosquito nets, was deduced as a contributory factor causing underfive mortality for home with fewer nets. Information on the proper use of the mosquito nets would help achieve the goal of universal access for the atrisk populations of children under age five and pregnant women.

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