Early growth of Cotton is affected by increasing concentration of fresh leaves extract of Calotropis procera

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Khuram Mubeen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Early Establishment

An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of C. procera fresh leaves extract on cotton growth and vigor during seedling and early establishment stage. The trial was carried out in randomized complete block designed (RCBD) with 3 replications and 4 treatments viz., distilled water, 15%, 30% and 45% solution of Calotropis procera fresh leaves extracts. Data regarding the cotton seedling vigor and growth was collected and mean value of each trait were statistically compared through HSD Tukey’s test (P ≤ 0.05). The highest shoot length seedling-1 (252.25 mm), root length seedling-1 (98.33 mm), stem diameter seedling-1 (0.35 mm) and dry weight of the shoot seedling-1 (0.85 g) was noticed in distilled water treatment. Leaf extract treatments caused significant reduction in seedling vigor and growth. The highest reduction was noticed when treated with 45% aqueous extract of C. procera. The above-mentioned treatment caused significant reduction in various seedling traits, which may hinder early establishment of cotton crop. Therefore, the farmers should remove the dense population of C. procera around cotton fields to avoid allelopathic effects of weed and to reduce damaging effects on early growing cotton plants.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Aksi Gen Epistasis pada Toleransi Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Aluminium

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvita Netti Sihaloho ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas . ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Desta Wirnas
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
The University

The efectiveness of selection depends on the gene action cotrolling the character.  The presence of epistatic gene action will delay the genetic gain in self pollinated crops like soybean. The objective of this research was to obtain information on genetic control of soybean tolerance to aluminum toxicity on nutrient culture. This research was conducted at green house of  the University Farm IPB Cikabayan, Bogor, from April to June 2013. This research used 120 seedlings of F2 population  generated from  crossing between Argomulyo (Al-sensitive) with Tanggamus (Al-tolerant). Seedlings were grown in nutrient culture for 14 days with Al concentration of 1.5 mM and pH 4.0, to observe the vegetative growth under aluminum stress condition. The result showed that mean of roots length, shoot length, shoot to root ratio, wet and dry weight of root and shoot exceeded  both parents mean value with moderate to high heritability. All observed characters had continue distribution pattern, and controlled by many genes. Duplicate epistasis additive gene action controlled only root length while other characters were controlled by complementary epistasis gene action.<br />Keywords: gene action, heritability, nutrient culture, selection, tocixity

Inorganic Bromide in Higher Fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stijve
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract A total of 138 samples of higher fungi, representing 35 species (15 belonging to the genus Amanita), were analysed for the trace element bromine using spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods. High concentrations of bromine, up to 100 mg/kg on dry weight, were encountered in Amanitaceae, especially in members of the subsections Phalloideae and Eu-Amanita, whereas in other fungi the mean value for this element was only 3,3 m g/kg. Some bromine-accumulating Amanitas also contained unusually high chlorine levels. Am axi­mum concentration of 3 percent on dry weight was measured in A. phalloides. It could be demonstrated that most, if not all of bromine and chlorine was present in the fungi as ionisable inorganic salts. Two organochlorine metabolites, previously reported in some mushrooms, were absent in A. phalloides and A. muscaria.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Organ Distribution of Mercury in Freshwater Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after Exposure to Water Contaminated Mercury (HgII)

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Suhendrayatna ◽  
Arahman ◽  
Sipahutar ◽  
Rinidar ◽  
Elvitriana
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Mercury Analyzer ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Probit Method

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity and the distribution of mercury (Hg) in the main tissues of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to water containing Hg(II). A sample group of 10 fish, of mean weight 80–100 g wet weight, were exposed to different concentrations of Hg (0.0012; 0.0049; 0.0141; 0.0524; 0.1126; and 0.5110 mg-HgII/L) for 72 hours under controlled conditions using the static method in ponds. A control medium was also prepared in two replications. Mortality of fish was closely monitored, and the test was repeated three times. For the toxicity test, observations were based on behavior, mortality, and anatomical pathology. The methodology was based on the OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals and lethal concentration (LC50) and particularly using the probit method. Thus, the mean value was obtained from two replications and then further calculated by a software (MiniTab® 16 version). Prior to analysis, samples were first lyophilized. The total concentration of Hg accumulation in the fish organs was analyzed using heat-vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry (HV-AAS) and a MA2000 automatic mercury analyzer. Results showed that toxicity (LC50) of freshwater fish was 0.1435 mg-Hg(II)/L. The internal organs showed some pathological changes including pale gills, anemic eyes, and a whitish body color after the exposure. Furthermore, histopathologically, exposure to mercury might also affect other organs, such as gills, liver, and hepatopancreas. Mercury was found in trace amounts, and its accumulation was found to be at least in the gills. Meanwhile, the highest accumulation was found in the muscle tissue with approximately 5.7183 µg/g dry weight. If they are put in order, the mercury accumulation in the tissue organs was varied from the highest to lowest one: Muscle > eye > bone > head > gill. Finally, it can be concluded that the Hg exposure could affect the histopathological condition of the tested fish.

Limnological Features of Cedar Lake, Manitoba

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1136
Author(s):  
D. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
River System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Main Basin ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Cedar Lake, largest lake in the Saskatchewan River system, was studied from June 14 until August 31, 1962. Twenty stations, located in the main basin of the lake, were examined during six sampling periods. These stations were located along five transects, at depths of 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 m. No thermal stratification occurred and the oxygen concentration never fell below 78% of air saturation. Total alkalinity and total dissolved solids averaged above 65 and 270 ppm, respectively.The average number of bottom organisms increased with depth, with the bulk of these being made up of spheariid clams, mayflies, chironomids, and gastropods. The number of genera also increased with depth. The standing crops determined for the six sampling periods ranged from 17.7 to 33.2 lb/acre (dry weight), with a mean value of 23.4 lb/acre. Correlations between the physical and chemical factors and the distribution of bottom fauna are examined and it is felt that the bottom type is the major factor affecting the distribution and abundance of bottom organisms in Cedar Lake. On the basis of the physical and chemical criteria, Cedar Lake may be classified as eutrophic.

scholarly journals Preparation of an experimental low-fluoride diet from single-cell organisms for rats and mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Khalawan ◽  
J. C. Elliott ◽  
R. W. Fearnhead
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Maize Oil

1. A method for producing a standard low-fluoride diet from a green alga and yeast is described. Chlorella pyrenoidosa was grown in a culture medium prepared with distilled water and analytical grade chemical salts. The spent culture medium from the alga culture was reclaimed and replenished with salts and sucrose for the production of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.2. The single-cell organisms were separated by centrifugation from their culture media and the dried cells were blended with sucrose, maize oil, cellulose and a salt mix to produce diet pellets for rats and mice.3. The diet was readily accepted as food by rats and mice and it was found to contain 100–300 μg fluoride/kg dry weight. Two generations of rats and four generations of mice were bred on this diet.4. The use of hydroxyapatite to reduce the fluoride content of the chemicals used in the production of the alga and yeast biomass was investigated. Diet pellets prepared with this biomass contained 45–60 μg fluoride/kg dry weight.

Simultaneous Determinations of MSMA and Arsenic Acid in Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. Lakso ◽  
S. A. Peoples ◽  
D. E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Arsenic Acid ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Cotton Plants

Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) and arsenic acid (AA) were measured simultaneously in johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) and cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘SJ-1’) by a bicolorimetric method. Tissues from plants sprayed with MSMA while growing and tissues with MSMA and AA added just prior to extraction were analyzed. Johnsongrass sprayed with MSMA solution at 11.2 kg/ha contained, on a dry weight basis, 423.0 ppmw of MSMA and 0.00 ppmw of AA at 7 days and 10.83 and 0.21 ppmw, respectively, after 54 days of regrowth. The cotton plants were sprayed twice to runoff with MSMA, first with 0.3 g/L and second with 1.2 g/L. Cottonseed from the sprayed cotton plants contained, on a dry weight basis, 2.45 ppmw of MSMA and 0.08 ppmw of AA after the first picking and 3.02 and 0.10 ppmw, respectively, after the second. Background levels of MSMA and AA were, respectively, on a dry weight basis, 0.63 and 0.02 ppmw in johnsongrass and 0.58 and 0.00 ppmw in cottonseed.

The Effects of Acrylamide Loading on the Swelling Capacity of Superabsorbent Polymer in Different Aqueous Medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nur Raihan ◽  
Nadras Othman ◽  
Ahmad Zulkifli ◽  
Fauzi Roslinda
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Potassium Persulphate ◽  
Superabsorbent Hydrogel ◽  
Waste Polystyrene ◽  
Swelling Capacity

Superabsorbent polymer from waste polystyrene-graft-polyacrylamide was synthesized through emulsion polymerization technique using acrylamide as a monomer and potassium persulphate as an initiator in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as a crosslinking agent. The effects of acrylamide loading was investigated to obtain the optimum condition that shows the best swelling capacity in three different aqueous medium; distilled water, saline solution and urea solution. Superabsorbent hydrogel were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM). Swelling test showed optimum absorbencies for distilled water, saline and urea solution were 1230 wt%, 1160 wt% and 440 wt% from their dry weight, respectively, recorded at ratio 1:10 of waste polystyrene to acrylamide. Meanwhile, the IR Spectroscopy proves that the grafting process between acrylamide and waste polystyrene was occurred in the hydrogel. Thermal degradation of the hydrogel started at 350 °C and the existence of porous unit can be observed in SEM micrographs.

Rooting of Herbaceous and Semihardwood Cuttings of Guava cv. Século XXI, under Varying Concentrations of Indolebutyric Acid

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jussara Cristina Firmino Da Costa ◽  
Rejane Maria Nunes Mendonça ◽  
Gerciane Cabral Da Silva ◽  
Silvanda de Melo Silva ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings

In the commercial production of guava seedlings (Psidium guajava L.) the quality of the cuttings, homogeneity, high percentage of rooting are the factors important to be analyzed. Therefore, as the Século XXI cultivar is recent, it is necessary to do more studies regarding the behavior of this guava to the factors that aid in the rhizogenic process. The objective of this work was to verify the concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) that provide the best rooting of cuttings herbaceous and semihardwood, as well as to verify the best kind of cuttings used for vegetative propagation the guava cuttings cultivar ‘Século XXI’. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 2 + 1 factorial design, beginning with five concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg L-1), two kinds of cuttings (herbaceous and semihardwood) and one control treatment (immersed in distilled water for 12 hours), with four replications and 10 cuttings per plot. In relation of the variables: the percentage of cuttings live without roots, callus, number of roots and dry weight of shoots did not present significant interaction among treatments, not adjusting to any regression model. Therefore, concluding that the herbaceous cutting is the most indicated for the propagation of guava seedlings of ‘Século XXI’; The concentration of 2500 mg L-1 of IBA promotes a higher percentage of rooted semihardwood cuttings without leaf; The hormone solution diluted with alcohol 50% (v/v) resulted in toxicity for herbaceous and semihardwood cuttings cv. Século XXI.

Efficacy of ICT with Deferasirox in Transfusional Iron Overloaded Patients with MDS or AA.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3810-3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
June-Won Cheong ◽  
Hyeoung-Joon Kim ◽  
Kyoo-Hyung Lee ◽  
Sung-Soo Yoon ◽  
Jae Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serial Measurement ◽  
Baseline Values

Abstract Abstract 3810 Poster Board III-746 PURPOSE Transfusion-related iron overload and its consequences are emerging challenges in chronically transfused patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or aplastic anemia (AA). The clinical data on specific benefits of deferasirox in transfusion-related iron overload patients with MDS or AA has been limited. METHODS: We have prospectively investigated the efficacy of deferasirox by serial measurement of s-ferritin level and LIC by R2-MRI in transfusional iron overload patients with MDS or AA. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients with de novo MDS (n = 29) or idiopathic AA (n = 50) showing serum ferritin level over 1,000ng/ml were enrolled from 23 institutes. Mean value of s-ferritin level in enrolled patients was 4,788 ng/ml in MDS and 4,188 ng/ml in AA at the time of deferasirox initiation. Mean value of LIC was 24.4 mg Fe/g dry weight in MDS and 22.4 mg Fe/g dry weight in AA. Deferasirox was given orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for at least 6 months to all patients and was withheld If the s-ferritin falls below 500 ng/ml. Over the study period, patients with MDS or AA received a mean of 3.7 and 2.7 units RBC per month, respectively. After 12 months of medication, s-ferritin level significantly decreased by 1824.0 ng/ml form baseline values, a reduction of 38.1% for patients with MDS (p<0.0001) and significantly decreased by 3559.1 ng/ml (85.0%) for patients with AA (p<0.0001). LIC decreased by 11.2 mg Fe/g dry weight, a reduction of 35.7% for patients with MDS, and significantly decreased by 8.1 mg Fe/g dry weight, a reduction of 27.6% for patients with AA (p=0.0028). The patients with lower transfusional requirements (<4 units/month) during the study showed significantly more reduction of LIC level than those with higher requirements (≥4 units/month) (35.7% vs. 2.8%; p<0.0001). The most common drug-related adverse events (AE) were gastrointestinal disturbances and non-progressive increase in s-creatinine, however, AE were transient and mild-to-moderate in severity. All death was ascribed to disease-related causes including cytopenia in nine (11.4%) and disease progression in one (1.3%). CONCLUSION: Deferasirox is effective in reducing LIC and s-ferritin level in transfusional iron overload patients with MDS or AA, even with ongoing transfusion requirement, and well tolerated. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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