Beneficiation Study on Low-Grade Graphite Ore of Shounter Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Bhatti Muhammad Arif Bhatti ◽  
Kamran Raza Kazmi Kamran Raza Kazmi ◽  
Samreen Zahra Samreen Zahra ◽  
Ansar Mehmood and Rashid Mehmood Ansar Mehmood and Rashid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
Impeller Type

A low-grade graphite ore originating from Kael area, Shounter Valley, Azad Kashmir, assaying 8.90% graphite content was upgraded by froth flotation technique to produce a commercial grade graphite concentrate. Mineral phases present in the ore were identified by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The variables of flotation process such as particle size of the feed, pH of the pulp, % solids of the pulp, speed of impeller, type and quantity of collecting and frothing agents, conditioning time and froth collecting time were optimized to get maximum grade and recovery of graphite mineral. The pH of the pulp was adjusted with sodium carbonate. Kerosene oil was used as collector while pine oil as frother respectively. Sodium silicate was employed as depressant. The grade of the final graphite concentrate produced was 85.80% C with overall recovery of 86.00%. Its surface morphology was studied using SEM-EDX technique while grain size by laser particle size analyzer.

scholarly journals Flotation study on low-grade antimony ore of qilla abdullah, Balochistan, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
MA Bhatti ◽  
KR Kazmi ◽  
A Mehmood ◽  
R Mehmood ◽  
A Ahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Pulp Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Concentrate Grade ◽  
Optimum Grade

A low-gradeantimony deposit originating from district Qilla Abdullah, Balochistan Province of Pakistan, containing stibnite as an economical mineral was beneficiated by froth flotation technique. Flotation parameters such as particle size of the feed, pulp density, pH of the pulp, agitation speed, type and dose of reagents (i.e. collector, frother, activator, regulator and modifier) and the conditioning time were studied on the basis of single-factor variation experiment in order to get the optimum grade and recovery. Regrinding of the rougher concentrate followed by cleaning andrecleaning of rougher concentrateensured a final concentrate grade of 65.12% Sb@ 85.79% recovery. This concentrate is suitable for the extraction of metal and production of chemicals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i2.22003 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(2), 95-102, 2014

scholarly journals Beneficiation Studies on Low-Grade Complex Polymetallic Lead-Zinc Ore of Duddar (Lasbela) Balochistan, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Bhatti ◽  
Kamran Raza Kazmi ◽  
Abdul Ahad ◽  
Anila Tabassum ◽  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Process Flow Sheet ◽  
Impeller Type

A bench-scale beneficiation study was performed on low-grade complex lead-zinc ore of Duddar area, District Lasbela, Balochistan Province, Pakistan. The polymetallic ore under investigation contains galena and sphalerite as valuable minerals of lead and zinc. The low-grade ore was upgraded by selective sequential froth flotation technology to recover both minerals. An effort was made to investigate the effect of important variables on grade and recovery of concentrates and to design the process flow sheet. Different parameters of flotation process such as particle size of the feed, pH and % solids of the pulp, speed of impeller, type of reagents (collectors, frothers, regulators and modifiers) and their quantities, conditioning time and flotation time were optimized to attain maximum grade and recovery of respective concentrates. The rougher concentrates obtained were subjected to one regrinding and two cleaning operations to achieve higher-grade concentrates of both metals. Bench-scale flotation tests show that it is possible to obtain a lead concentrate assaying 65.24% Pb with recovery rate of 81.32% and a zinc concentrate containing 55.63% Zn content with recovery rate of 80.28%. Both the concentrates meet the specifications required for metallurgical and chemical grades.

The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Quantitative Phase of Hematite from Iron Stone Tanah Laut

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Ali Mufid ◽  
M. Zainuri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Co Precipitation

This research aims to form particles of hematite (α-Fe2O3) with a basis of mineral iron ore Fe3O4 from Tanah Laut. Magnetite Fe3O4 was synthesized using co-precipitation method. Further characterization using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to obtain the percentage of the elements, obtained an iron content of 98.51%. Then characterized using thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) to determine the calcination temperature, that at a temperature of 445 °C mass decreased by 0.369% due to increase in temperature. Further Characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the phases formed at the calcination temperature variation of 400 °C, 445 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with a holding time of 5 hours to form a single phase α-Fe2O3 hematite. Testing with a particle size analyzer (PSA) to determine the particle size distribution, where test results indicate that the α-Fe2O3 phase of each having a particle size of 269.7 nm, 332.2 nm, 357.9 nm, 412.2 nm. The best quantity is shown at a temperature of 500 °C to form the hematite phase. This result is used as the calcination procedure to obtain a source of Fe ions in the manufacture of Lithium Ferro Phosphate.

Effect of Process on the Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3-Based X9R Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Lin Zhang ◽  
Bin Bin Zhang ◽  
Ning Ning Wang ◽  
Jing Ming Fei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sintered Ceramic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

The effect of milling time and sintering process on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-based X9R ceramics was investigated. The characterization of the raw powders and the sintered ceramic was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The particle size distribution of the mixed powders was examined by Laser Particle Size Analyzer. The results shown that with the milling time extended, the Cruie Peak was depressed, or even disappeared. Moreover, with the rise of sintering temperature, the dielectric constant of the ceramics increased and the dielectric loss decreased gradually. Eventually, by milling for 11h and sintering at 1090°Cfor 2h, good dielectric properties were obtained, which were ε25°C≥ 2526, εr/εr25°C≤± 12% (–55~200°C), tanδ≤1.12% (25°C).

scholarly journals Extraction of Phosphorous from a Phosphorous-Containing Vanadium Titano-Magnetite Tailings by Direct Flotation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Xiao ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Yang Peng ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Flotation Concentration ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, there is 1.42% P2O5 in the P-containing V-Ti magnetite tailings in Miyi Region of China, with the valuable minerals mainly including apatite, and aluminosilicate minerals as the main gangue components. The direction flotation process was used to recover phosphorous from the low-grade phosphorous-bearing V-Ti magnetite tailings. The results showed that an optimized phosphorous concentrate with a P2O5 grade of 31.35% and P2O5 recovery of 88.02% was obtained by flotation process of one roughing, three scavengings, and three cleanings under roughing conditions, which employed pulp pH of 9, grinding fineness of <0.039 mm occupying 90%, flotation concentration of 25%, and dosages of carboxymethylcellulose, oxidized paraffin wax soap, and pine oil of 400 g/t, 300 g/t, and 20 g/t, respectively. Optimized one scavenging, two scavenging, and three scavenging conditions used a pulp pH of 9, and dosages of carboxymethylcellulose, oxidized paraffin wax soap, and pine oil of 200 g/t, 150 g/t, 10 g/t; 100 g/t, 75 g/t, and 5 g/t; and 100 g/t, 75 g/t, and 5 g/t, respectively. Optimized one cleaning, two cleaning, and three cleaning condition dosages of carboxymethylcellulose of 100 g/t, 50 g/t, and 25 g/t, respectively. Study of analysis and characterization of phosphorous concentrate by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that most gangue minerals enter the flotation tailings, the main minerals in phosphorous concentrate are apatite, olivine, and feldspar.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Muntingia Calabura L. Leaf Extract as Bioreductor and Applied as Glucose Nanosensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3088-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Wahab ◽  
Abdul Karim ◽  
Nursiah La Nafie ◽  
Nurafni Nurafni ◽  
I. Wayan Sutapa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by reduction method using extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaf a bioreductor. The process of silver nanoparticles formation was monitored by UV-Vis method. The results showed that the absorbance values increased according to the increase of reaction time. Maximum absorption of silver nanoparticle was obtained at a wavelength of 41-421 nm. The size of silver nanoparticles was determined using a PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) with a particle size distribution of 97.04 nm. The functional groups compound that contribute in the synthesis was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Morphology of the silver nanoparticles was observed by an Scanning Electron Microscope instrument and the structure characterization of the compounds were analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction. The glucose nanosensor based on silver nanoparticles have the measurement range of 1 mM - 4 mM with the regretion (R2) is 0,9516, the detection limit of sensor is 3,2595 mM, the sensitivity of sensor is 2,0794 A. mM-1. mM-2.

An Investigation on the Application of Cryogenic Ball Milling to Ibuprofen Particle and Its Characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 505-507 ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyong Yop Rhee ◽  
Hyun Kab Cho ◽  
Jai Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Size Of Particles

For a present study, a cryogenic ball milling process was applied to reduce the Ibuprofen particles to submicron in order to enlarge their dissolution rate. The cryogenic ball milling was performed using 6 mm zirconia balls at a temperature of -180 °C or lower. The effects of milling time, the weight ratio of ball to Ibuprofen, and milling speed on the particle size were investigated. SEM and particle size analyzer were used to analyze the shape and size of particles before and after ball milling. The chemical changes before and after the cryogenic ball milling process were examined through XRD (x-ray diffraction) analysis. The results show that the size of Ibuprofen particles was reduced to about 1/20 of its initial size and the particle size showed negligible change after six hours of ball milling. The effect of weight ratio and the milling speed on the particle size was almost negligible. The results also show that cryogenic ball milling yielded no chemical changes in the particle.

scholarly journals Study on the Crystal Structure and Microstructure Evolution of Shock-processed Titanium Powder

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Deep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Structure And Microstructure ◽  
Rule Out

Titanium powder was rapidly solidified by using shock-wave consolidation technique. The critical parameters were controlled by intrumented detonics and pin-oscillography. The compacted specimens were investigated for structural and microstructural strengthening by using standard diagnostic techniques. The density of the final product was found to be greater than 96% of the theoretical value. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals intact crystalline structure without the presence of any undesired phases. The particle size reduction indicated by XRD was supported by laser diffraction based particle size analyzer. Results from energy dispersive spectroscopy rule out the possibility of any segregation within the compacts. Scanning electron microscopy showed crack-free, voids-free, melt-free, fracture-less compacts of titanium with the uni-directional dendrites orientation without any grain-growth.   

scholarly journals Novel NiMgOH-rGO-Based Nanostructured Hybrids for Electrochemical Energy Storage Supercapacitor Applications: Effect of Reducing Agents

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Konda Shireesha ◽  
Thida Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Tumarada Rajani ◽  
Chidurala Shilpa Chakra ◽  
Murikinati Mamatha Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Uv Visible

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposites made using a chemical co-precipitation technique with various reducing agents (e.g., NaOH and NH4OH) and reduced graphene oxide at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 percent by weight. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, a particle size analyzer, and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the composite materials. The formation of the NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposite with crystallite sizes in the range of 10–40 nm was inferred by X-ray diffraction patterns of materials, which suggested interlayers of Ni(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. The interactions between the molecules were detected using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while optical properties were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy. A uniform average particle size distribution in the range of 1–100 nm was confirmed by the particle size analyzer. Using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements in a 6 M KOH solution, the electrochemical execution of NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposites was investigated. At a 1 A/g current density, the NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposites prepared with NH4OH as a reducing agent had a higher specific capacitance of 1977 F/g. The electrochemical studies confirmed that combining rGO with NiMgOH increased conductivity.

scholarly journals Electric polarization properties of BaTiO3-BiFeO3 as nanomultiferroic material produced by sol-gel method

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwita Suastiyanti ◽  
Maykel T.E. Manawan ◽  
Marlin Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sinter Time ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Electric Polarization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Dominant Phase

The nanomultiferroic material which is synthesized in this research used sol-gel method. The research used weight ratio of BaTiO3: BiFeO3 of 2: 1. Gel formed after heating at 80-90°C was calcined at 350°C for 4 hours and then sintered at 700,750 and 800°C for 2, 4 and 6 hours respectively. Powder produced after sintering was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test using XRD Phillips PW 1835 type, 20°-100° diffraction angle and CuKα, electric polarization properties test and particle size measurement using Particle Size Analyzer of Beckman Coulter DelsaTM Nano instrument. From the characterization results, it is obtained that the dominant phase is Barium Bismuth Iron (III) Oxide (BaBiFe2O5). Electrical polarization properties such as remanent, coersivity and saturation reach maximum value at sinter temperature of 750° C and sinter time of 6 hours. This result is supported by the smallest particle size of powder (54-57 nm) and also supported by the largest number of dominant phase (98.79%) at same condition.

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