scholarly journals Designing & Validating a Model of Organizational Policy Perception Indicators Based on Political Ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Abdolsamad Safarnezhad ◽  
Mehran Mokhtarinezhad ◽  
Saeed Eslami ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Policy ◽  
Political Ethics

Data and safety monitoring policy for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases clinical trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis O Dixon ◽  
Susanna Weiss ◽  
Kelly Cahill ◽  
Lawrence Fox ◽  
Joni Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Organizational Policy ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Responsible Conduct ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
User Friendly

Background Historically, four divisions of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) that manage clinical trials and oversee data and safety monitoring have operated fairly autonomously with respect to their approaches to Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) operations. We recognized the need for a revised policy on DSMB operations in an effort to encourage greater harmonization of procedures across the four divisions. Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe the considerations that motivated the development of the new policy, summarize current DSMB policies and ongoing harmonization efforts across the four divisions, and offer some recommendations for DSMB operations in the hope that other organizations may benefit from our experience. Methods From 2005 to 2009, a working group undertook a review of DSMB responsibilities, policies, and operations. We analyzed and summarized the final policy document that the working group produced, gathered data describing current DSMB activities, and developed a tabular, cross-sectional overview highlighting how divisions are harmonizing their DSMB operations. Results In 2010, there were 44 DSMBs in NIAID monitoring 169 protocols, and those DSMBs conducted 209 reviews of the protocols. Review and analysis of DSMB practices across the four divisions have led to recommendations for efficient and successful DSMB operations: adopt an inclusive approach, whereby the trial investigators assist in the process of forming and utilizing DSMBs; structures other than DSMBs can often provide many of the features of DSMBs but with greater flexibility in membership, access to interim data, and scheduling; the trial protocol should specify what safety and other concerns should trigger a DSMB review and what data should be included in prespecified reviews; present data in thoughtful and user-friendly ways that answer specific questions; allow sufficient time to plan for working with the DSMB. Limitations We recognize that NIAID’s specific circumstances and DSMB policy may not apply to the operation of DSMBs in every organization. Nevertheless, we believe that useful lessons can be learned from our experiences and efforts toward harmonization. Conclusions Homogeneity in DSMB operations and management has appeal as a matter of organizational policy and efficiency. Some limited flexibility, as long as it honors fundamental principles of independence, confidentiality of interim trial results, and clear lines of reporting and approval, may be appropriate on occasion. NIAID’s 2009 institute-level policy established a collective understanding of the important contribution that DSMBs make to the responsible conduct of clinical trials. Thinking will continue to evolve, leading to further policy refinements and the continued assurance of patient safety in our clinical trials.

Schleiermacher and the Construction of a Contemporary Roman Catholic Foundational Theology

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Schüssler Fiorenza
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Fundamental Theology ◽  
Association Of Theological Schools ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Historical Argument ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Foundational Theology

When I was completing my book on foundational theology, I presented a paper on the concept of broad reflective equilibrium and foundational theology to a group of colleagues at a conference sponsored by the Association of Theological Schools. This paper summarized the book's concluding section, which dealt with the relationship between contemporary criticisms of foundationalism and a foundational theology employing the method of broad reflective equilibrium. It advanced a systematic and historical argument. Systematically, the section argued that the method of broad reflective equilibrium offered a vision of foundational theology that avoided the pitfalls of foundationalism, overcoming the foundationalism of fundamental theology. It appealed to current discussions about methodology, specifically, the discussions on reflective equilibrium in the philosophy of science and in political ethics. The historical argument appealed to Schleiermacher by relating Schleiermacher's stance on the relationship between systematic and philosophical theology to the conception of a nonfoundationalist foundational theology, employing the method of broad reflective equilibrium.

scholarly journals Distinguished Scholars Invited Essay: Are Secret Proceedings Why Longer Tenured Employees Trust Their Organizations Least?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-449
Author(s):  
Jone L. Pearce ◽  
Kenji Klein
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Organizational Policy ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Employee Trust ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Nonsupervisory Employees

We address the effects of secrecy in organizational policy enforcement. First, the legal literature that explains why court proceedings are open is summarized: openness more effectively holds decision makers and claimants accountable for truthfulness and unbiased decisions, demonstrates that the rich or powerful have not bought off the weak, supports adaptation to changing norms, and enhances the legitimacy of state authority. Next, we propose that when organizational policy enforcement is kept secret from other employees, organizations lose these benefits. One reflection of these loses will be lower employee trust in their organizations the longer their tenure there. Using questionnaire data from a large U.S. governmental agency, we found that lower employee trust with tenure is incrementally linearly lower over the course of employment, not the result of an early breach of the psychological contract. This occurs for employees at all hierarchical levels but is steepest for nonsupervisory employees, suggesting that employees lack information about policy enforcement may be driving this phenomenon.

Public Theology and Political Ethics

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Bedford-Strohm
Keyword(s):  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Similar Profile ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Two Kingdoms ◽  
Public Church ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
Two Kingdoms Doctrine

Abstract The article explains the fundamental features of the Lutheran two kingdoms doctrine and the Reformed doctrine of the Lordship of Christ and finds strong convergences of both in addressing political realities without leaving the Gospel perspective aside. Since Catholic concepts show a similar profile, an ecumenical public theology emerges. Six guidelines for a public church are presented to describe the consequences of a public theological approach to politics for the churches. Authentic faith witness is as much part of these guidelines as ‘bilinguality’, that is, the capability to talk the language of secular discourse and prophetic speech, which is put in relationship to the necessity of concrete daily political processes. Thus, in the end the article explains the profile of public theology in relation to liberation theology and political theology.

scholarly journals Speak with one voice! Towards an ecumenical ethics applicable to the church-state dialogue in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koos Vorster
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Ethical Concern ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Government ◽  
Moral Discourses ◽  
The Church

This research deals with the question of whether an ecumenical ethics can be developed in South Africa that at least will be applicable in the field of political ethics and that can assist the various ecclesiastical traditions to ‘speak with one voice’ when they address the government on matters of Christian ethical concern. The research rests on the recognition of the variety of ethical persuasions and points of view that flow from the variety of hermeneutical approaches to Scripture. However, within this plethora of ethical discourses, an ‘overlapping’ ethics based on a proposed set of minimum theological ideas can be pursued in order to reach at least an outline of an applicable ecumenical political ethics conducive to the church–state dialogue in South Africa today. The article concludes that a ‘minimum consensus’ on the role of revelation in the moral discourses is possible and is enriched by traditional ideas such as creation and natural law, the reign of God and Christology, and it can provide a suitable common ground for an ecumenical ethics applicable to the moral difficulties in the political domain in South Africa today.

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