DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SYNTHETIC RUBBER: HIGH TRANS SBR

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Livigni
Keyword(s):  
Organometallic Compound ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The discovery and development of high trans styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) is presented. High trans SBR is prepared using a novel polymerization initiator of a specific combination of a barium salt and organometallic compound in a hydrocarbon solvent. The trans-1,4 content of the polybutadiene repeat units is sufficiently high, at a low vinyl content, to result in a crystallizing rubber. As a result, high trans SBR has high green strength similar to natural rubber (NR). The barium-based initiating system allows the formation of copolymers between butadiene and styrene, in which the distribution of styrene repeat units is considerably more random than that obtained with an organolithium initiator alone. By a judicious selection of the two initiator composition and the styrene content in the copolymer, high trans SBR also exhibits good building tack, again similar to NR. The properties of high green strength and good building tack for high trans SBR are unique among common synthetic rubbers. As such, high trans SBR is an excellent candidate for use as a tire carcass rubber in radial ply tire construction. High trans SBR is also valuable in tire tread compositions, providing good abrasion resistance.

Green Strength of Carbon-Black-Filled Styrene—Butadiene Rubber

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Cho ◽  
G. R. Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Furnace Black ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The green strengths of a gum SBR and two black-filled samples, at twenty-three volume percent filler, have been determined at various strain rates and temperatures. At higher temperatures, all samples exhibit yielding, followed by strain-softening. The gum exhibits this type of behavior down to −20°C, whereas, filled specimens undergo strain hardening at this temperature. Yield strength increases with decreasing temperature or increasing rate, indicating that it is largely controlled by chain mobility. Yield strengths at various temperatures may be shifted along the rate axis to form mastercurves. The dependence of yield stress on reduced rate is similar for the gum and the composition filled with the large-sized thermal black (N990). Stiffening is reasonably well accounted for by strain and strain-rate amplification, using the well-known Guth—Gold amplification factor. At low reduced rates, the extent of stiffening is substantially greater for samples filled with the much finer furnace black, N110. Unlike with the N990, SBR filled with N110 forms a coherent bound-rubber gel. This provides a strong resistance to deformation (beyond simple strain or strain-rate amplification) and results in high yield strength. At low temperatures, perhaps when the magnitude of chain—chain and chain—filler internal friction is comparable, the effect of filler size is greatly diminished.

scholarly journals Mechanical and morphology characteristics of natural rubber-styrene butadiene rubber (NR-SBR) blends in the presence of natural microbentonite

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
B Wirjosentono ◽  
A H Siregar ◽  
D A Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Morphology Characteristics ◽  
Xylene Solution

Abstract Natural rubber (NR) has been the world renewable natural elastomer produced mainly in South East Asia from the sap of rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). However it only exported to manufacturing countries for production of various engineering and specialty rubber products. Blending of the natural rubber with synthetic rubber such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is a mean to improve engineering specification of the NR, especially due to exposure of mineral oils during its service life. Whereas natural microbentonite functions not only as filler but also as coagulant breaker in both SIR-10 and SBR matrices, which improves miscibility of the blends. In this work blending of Indonesian natural rubber (NR: SIR-10) with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were carried out in reflux reactor in xylene solution in the presence of various loading of natural microbentonite as fillers. Miscibility of the blends were measured from their mechanical properties as well as morphology of their fracture surfaces using electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that optimum loading of microbentonite in the NR/SBR (weight ratio: 50/50) blend was 3 per hundred rubber (phr), which showed good adhesion of the rubber matrices onto the filler surface and without any agglomeration.

Effect of Epoxidized Palm Oil (EPO) on Tensile Properties and Density of Rubber Compounding

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Nasir Anis Nazurah ◽  
Ahmad Zafir Romli ◽  
M.A. Wahab ◽  
Mohd Hanafiah Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Palm Oil ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Epoxidized palm oil (EPO) can act as processing oil has the potential of non toxic, degradable, renewable resource and as the alternative safe process oils in rubber compounding. Epoxidized palm oil is used as some of additives in rubber compounding to provide function of softener or stabiliser thus, improve properties of rubber compounding performance. Rubber that is used in this study is styrene butadiene rubber (SBR); a synthetic rubber copolymer consisting of styrene and butadiene. SBR also has good abrasion resistance and good aging stability when protected by additives. Compared to natural rubber, SBR has better processability, heat aging and abrasion resistance but inferior elongation, hot tear strength, hysteresis, resilience and tensile strength. This study is focusing on the effect of EPO without the addition of carbon black into the compound via tensile and density test. This is very important as to study the physical and mechanical interaction between SBR and EPO without the influence of other fillers. Different loading of oil were used at 25 pphr, 30 pphr. 35 pphr, 40 pphr and 45 pphr in the compounding process as processing aid. EPO35 which contain 35 pphr of EPO shows the highest value of tensile strength which is 2.2 MPa. The vulcanizate that contain 30 pphr of EPO shows the highest value for Youngs modulus which is 0.22 MPa while the elongation at break increased as the oil loading increased. The highest value for density is 0.979 g/cm3 for the vulcanizate contain 25 pphr of EPO. The results indicates that EPO is potential to replace other processing oils as renewable resource and safe to human.

Anisotropy in Green Strength Induced During Elastomer Processing

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hamed ◽  
J. H. Song
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The tensile anisotropy induced while milling both gum and filled natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and natural rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber blends is investigated. The effects of annealing and the extent of milling on this phenomenon are presented. Molecular level explanations for this phenomenon are offered.

A Review of Some of the Factors Affecting Fracture and Fatigue in SBR and BR Vulcanizates

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhao ◽  
G. N. Ghebremeskel
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract This paper reviews the effects of polymer macrostructure (molecular weight and the styrene content of SBR) and diene microstructure on the fracture and fatigue life of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR) vulcanizates. Effects of experimental parameters, such as carbon black and vulcanizing systems, on fracture and fatigue are also discussed. Investigations were performed under static (tensile and tear) and dynamic (fatigue) testing conditions. Finally, the underlying failure mechanisms are discussed.

A Study of the Thermal Degradation Products of Styrene-Butadiene Type Rubber by Pyrolysis/GC/MS

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghebrehiwet N. Ghebremeskel ◽  
J. K. Sekinger ◽  
J. L. Hoffpauir ◽  
C. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Thermal Degradation Products ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Pyrolysis coupled with GC/MS was used to study thermal degradation products of styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR). Introduction of samples, using the pyrolysis carrier gas through the split injection port, followed by sub-ambient focusing of pyrolysis products gave reproducible chromatograms. The styrene content of styrene—butadiene copolymer was determined by plotting the GC areas of styrene and butadiene dimer (4-vinlycyclohexene) vs the percent bound styrene measured by refractive index and infrared spectroscopy. The accuracy and ease of use of the technique in determining the styrene content of styrene—butadiene copolymer is also compared to that of the refractive index and infrared spectroscopy methods. Finally, the effects of carbon black and other fillers on the thermal degradation products of the styrene—butadiene copolymer are also discussed.

Reflections on the Past and Future of Polyether Elastomers and on Redox Emulsion Polymerization

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
To Receive

Abstract I am greatly honored to have been selected to receive the prestigious Charles Goodyear Medal of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society. My work in the rubber field falls into two general areas: (1) early discoveries on the redox emulsion polymerization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and (2) polyether elastomers. I am perhaps best known for my work on polyether elastomers since I discovered, patented, and helped develop several families of polyether elastomers which were commercialized and are still important speciality elastomers. Most of my talk will be in that area. However, my SBR studies included my first important polymer-science discovery and preceded those who independently discovered the same systems and who were able to develop them commercially to the considerable advantage of our largest volume synthetic rubber, SBR. After briefly reviewing these past areas, I will give you my reflections on what important future developments for the rubber field could arise in the polyether area.

scholarly journals Tailoring properties of polylactic acid/rubber/kenaf biocomposites: Effects of type of rubber and kenaf loading

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5679-5695
Author(s):  
Nur Fazreen Alias ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Ku Marsilla Ku Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Fractured Surface

Polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites were prepared by melt blending in an internal mixer with various types of rubber. The rubber was 90/10 wt% and was mixed before the addition of kenaf fiber (0 to 20 phr). Natural rubber (NR), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were used. The effects of different types of rubber and kenaf loading were investigated based on processing torque, water absorption, mechanical properties, and fractured surface morphology. A similar trend in processing torque was observed throughout the composition of biocomposites. The stabilization torque was highest for the biocomposite with NR, followed by SBR and NBR. Water absorption increased as the kenaf loading increased. The polarity of NBR and SBR contributed to higher water absorption in the biocomposites compared to the NR. The strain-induced crystallization phenomenon and higher green strength of NR contributed to the highest tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the biocomposite compared to the NBR and SBR toughened PLA/kenaf biocomposite. More plastic deformation and less fiber pullout were observed in the fractured surface morphology. However, by increasing the kenaf loading, the mechanical properties decreased for all biocomposites, which was due to poor interfacial adhesion and agglomeration.

scholarly journals Effect of styrene content on mechanical and rheological behavior of styrene butadiene rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 015302
Author(s):  
Li’e Wang ◽  
Zhu Luo ◽  
Le Yang ◽  
Hai Wang ◽  
Jincheng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene
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