Translucent Thermoplastic Elastomers

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Maria D. Ellul ◽  
D. R. Hazelton
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Ethylene Content

Abstract Thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizates, TPVs, having the property of optical translucence have been prepared by dynamic vulcanization. The new materials are based on a polypropylene homopolymer principally containing propylene units of exactly alternating configuration and having a syndiotactic pentad fraction of at least 0.86. The dispersed elastomer phase consists of a crosslinked ethylene propylene copolymer rubber having an ethylene content of at least 74 weight %. These thermoplastic elastomer compositions have significantly lowered Gardner haze values, while maintaining the desirable properties of low compression set and thermal stability. The compositions have utility in molded mechanical rubber goods as well as extruded articles for fluid delivery applications.

Effects of different ammonium lignosulfonate contents on the crystallization, rheological behaviors, and thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/polypropylene/ammonium lignosulfonate composites

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
RUI GOU ◽  
MINGHUI GUO
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Wide Range

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and poly-propylene (PP) based on reactive blending, has an excellent processing performance and characteristics and a wide range of applications. However, there are currently no reports in the literature regarding the usage of TPE in making composite boards. In this paper, EPDM, PP, and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) were used as the raw materials, poly-ethylene wax was used as the plasticizer, and a dicumyl peroxide vulcanization system with dynamic vulcanization was used to make a new kind of composite material. This research studied the influences of the AL contents on the crystallization behaviors, rheological properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the AL content had a noticeable impact on the performance of the composite board. Accordingly, this kind of composite material can be used as an elastomer material for the core layer of laminated flooring.

Ultrafine Wollastonite Reinforced Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber Thermoplastic Elastomers

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowaroj Chuayjuljit ◽  
Thatisorn Karnjanamayul
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber ◽  
Diene Rubber

In this study, tensile properties, thermal stability and morphology of polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene rubber/wollastonite (PP/EPDM/wollastonite) thermoplastic elastomer composites were tested and evaluated as a function of their compositions in comparison with PP/EPDM blends and native PP. PP was melt mixed with two loadings of EPDM (20 and 30% (w/w)) and for the composites each of these with three loadings of wollastonite (10, 20 and 30 parts by weight per hundred of the PP/EPDM resin) on a twin screw extruder and then injection molded. Both PP/EPDM blends provided a higher elongation at break but a lower tensile strength and Young’s modulus as compared with those of the neat PP. However, the addition of wollastonite microparticles (particle size of 1200 mesh) into the blends increased the Young’s modulus in a dose-dependent manner with increasing wollastonite loadings, whilst the tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased. Moreover, the thermal stability was improved by the presence of either EPDM or wollastonite in the PP matrix.

Peroxide Curing of Ethylene-Propylene Elastomers

1988 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Organic Peroxides ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Ethylene Content ◽  
Peroxide Curing ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract 1. Ethylene-propylene elastomers, suitably compounded for extrusion applications, can be readily vulcanized with organic peroxides to meet emerging requirements of improved performance and longer service life. 2. Aralkyl or dialkyl classes of peroxides produce the preferred cure performance, highest physical properties, and lowest compression set. Choice of peroxide governs rate of cure but not necessarily the optimum in crosslinking efficiency. 3. Coagents are essential to the development of optimum cure and stress-strain properties. The bis-maleimide is very effective in compounds that contain significant quantities of process oil, antioxidants for increased heat resistance, or other materials that consume free-radicals. 4. Ethylene-propylene compositional parameters influencing vulcanization activity are the diene, both type and concentration, and the ethylene content. Reactivity of the terpolymers is dependent on the type and amount of diene utilized in the polymer synthesis. High ethylene content improves crosslinking efficiency because there are fewer propylene sequences where chain scission can occur. 5. Increasing levels of hydrocarbon process oil needed in fast extruding compounds require higher peroxide concentrations to maintain cure and stress-strain properties.

Novel Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomers from Blends with Special Reference to Compatibilization and Dynamic Vulcanization

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Patel ◽  
M. Maiti ◽  
K. Naskar ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Styrene Acrylonitrile ◽  
Modified Polystyrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a rubbery material with final properties and functional performance similar to those of a conventional vulcanized rubber at ambient temperature, yet it can be processed in a molten condition as a thermoplastic polymer at elevated temperature. The main objectives of the present investigation are: to prepare novel styrenic-based thermoplastic elastomers based on blends of a thermoplastic (polystyrene or styrene acrylonitrile) with a rubber (styrene butadiene or ethylene vinylacetate) and to investigate the interaction between various polymers with special reference to compatibilization via oxazoline-modified polystyrene or oxazoline-modified styrene acrylonitrile and dynamic vulcanization. Styrene acrylonitrile/ethylene vinylacetate blends are found to exhibit better overall properties, especially tensile strength, elongation at break and tension set. The solubility or interaction parameter and the morphology of the blends are the key parameters, which basically govern the final properties of blends. Physical properties of these blends have been correlated with the interaction parameter and final morphology.

Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part VIII. Nitrile Rubber Polyolefin Blends with Technological Compatibilization

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Coran ◽  
R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Polyolefin Blends ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

Abstract The results of this work suggest a practical route to hot-oil-resistant thermoplastic elastomers based on NBR and a polyolefin resin (such as polypropylene). Although these two types of polymer are normally grossly incompatible with each other, a melt-mixed blend thereof is technologically improved by the presence of a small amount of a compatibilizing block copolymer which contains both polar and nonpolar segments. Ideally, the block copolymer should contain molecular segments of the types of polymers to be compatibilized. The compatibilizing block (graft) copolymer can form in situ during melt-mixing. Dynamic vulcanization (during melt-mixing) of a compatibilized NBR-polypropylene blend produces a thermoplastic elastomer with mechanical properties about as good as those of a corresponding composition of EPDM and polypropylene (two polymers which are nearly mutually compatible in a thermodynamic sense). The compatibilizing NBR-polypropylene graft copolymer might act by reducing (molten-state) interfacial tension at the NBR-polypropylene interface and also by increasing the interfacial adhesion in the “solidified-state” composition during its use. The hot-oil resistance of the compatibilized NBR-polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates is excellent. Also, the NBR-polypropylene compositions can be blended with thermoplastic vulcanizates based on EPDM and polypropylene to obtain thermoplastic elastomeric compositions which exhibit both good hot oil resistance and low temperature brittleness characteristics.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HNBR/PA12-BASED SUPER TPVs WITH ENHANCED THERMAL STABILITY BY USING HIGHER ACRYLONITRILE CONTENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ismail Syed Mohammed Reffai ◽  
Kinsuk Naskar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization

ABSTRACT Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are superior classes of thermoplastic elastomers, in which dynamic vulcanization of the rubber phase takes place during melt mixing with a semicrystalline thermoplastic matrix phase at elevated temperature. TPV is characterized by processing behaviors like thermoplasticity at elevated temperature and performance properties of vulcanized rubber at ambient temperature. High-performance TPVs or super TPVs are new-generation TPVs that exhibit high heat resistance as well as excellent oil resistance properties suitable for under-the-hood automotive applications. In the present work, a new class of super TPVs based on hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (HNBR) and polyamide (PA12) has been developed. TPVs of three different acrylonitrile content (ACN)–based fixed-blend ratio (70:30) of (HNBR/PA12) have been prepared by using a peroxide curative {Di-(2-tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene (DTBPIB)}. Final morphology of TPVs varies depending on the ACN content of the rubber. A TPV with the highest ACN content shows the highest level of mechanical properties as well as superior thermal stability and creep behavior compared with all other TPVs. Dynamic mechanical analysis also demonstrates that the tan δ values of all the TPVs are lower and the storage moduli are higher than the low acrylonitrile content system. Heat aging, oil aging, oil swelling, and network characterization studies have also been carried out in detail to understand the performance behavior of these super TPVs at service condition (150 °C). These TPVs are considered for potential applications in the automotive sector, especially for under-the-hood-applications.

Reactive Compatibilization of Recycled Polyethylenes and Scrap Rubber in Thermoplastic Elastomers: Chemical and Radiation-Chemical Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Grigoryeva ◽  
A. Fainleib ◽  
J. Grenet ◽  
J. M. Saiter
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Rubber Component

Abstract Reactive compatibilization of recycled low- or high-density polyethylenes (LDPE and HDPE, respectively) and ground tire rubber (GTR) via chemical interactions of pre-functionalized components in their blend interface has been carried out. Polyethylene component was functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAH); as well, the rubber component was modified via functionalization with MAH or acrylamide (AAm) using chemically or irradiation (γ-rays) induced grafting techniques. The grafting degree and molecular mass distribution of the functionalized polymers have been measured via FTIR and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) analyses, respectively. Additional coupling agents such as p-phenylene diamine (PDA) and polyamide fiber were used for producing some thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Thermoplastic elastomer materials based on synthesized reactive polyethylenes and GTR as well as ethylene-propylenediene monomer rubber (EPDM) were prepared by dynamic vulcanization of the rubber phase inside thermoplastic (polyethylene) matrix and their phase structure, and main properties have been studied using DSC, DMTA and mechanical testing. As a result, high performance thermoplastic elastomers based on functionalized polyethylene and ground rubber with improved mechanical properties have been developed.

The Effects of Partial Replacement of Virgin Polyethylene (vPE) with Recycled Polyethylene (rPE) in vPE/rPE/Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Blends: Thermal Properties and Swelling Behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
H.W. Woon ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
N.Z. Nik Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Studies on the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) had been extensively done. The incorporation of recycled materials into the TPEs formulation had been analysed, particularly involving recycled plastic due to its properties. The effects of partial replacement of virgin polyethylene (vPE) with recycled polyethylene (rPE) on the thermal properties and swelling behaviour of vPE/rPE/EPDM blends were studied. The discarded polyethylene used in the study was obtained from local wire insulation industry. The thermal properties and swelling behaviour of the blends were analyzed. Results show that increasing of sulfur loading had improved the thermal stability of the blends. The swelling percentage and swelling index of vPE/rPE/EPDM blends also decreased, inversely proportional to the increasing of sulfur loading. Thus, the increased incorporation of sulfur loading had improved the chemical and oil resistance of the blends.

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