Chemically Modified Emulsion SBR in Tire Treads

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Thielen
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
The Third ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Hildebrand Solubility Parameter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A series of Emulsion SBRs (E-SBR) with polar and nonpolar third co-monomers are studied in silica filled compounds. The applied third co-monomers include polar types such as acrylonitrile (ACN), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and 1-vinylpyridine (VP) and nonpolar types such as isoprene and 1,3-pentadiene. The impact of the third co-monomers on compound reinforcement, hysteresis, abradability and viscoelastic properties is studied for single polymer compounds as well as polymer blends with 1,4-cis-polybutadiene (cis-BR) and Natural Rubber (NR). Changes in miscibility of the polymer blends are studied via viscoelastic temperature sweeps and via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). All blends show a miscibility behavior in agreement with Hildebrand solubility parameter predictions. The nonpolar co-monomers lead to an increased miscibility while the polar co-monomers reduce the miscibility with cis-BR and NR. These changes only show up in blend Tg's and viscoelastic response and stay associated with a heterogeneous AFM blend structure with different degrees of mixed phase compositions. The impact of the third co-monomers is more pronounced in the case of cis-BR than in the case of NR blends in this study. The preferred chemically modified ESBR is the one with 3% HPMA showing improved performance relative to unmodified ESBR and unmodified Solution SBR (SSBR).

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Analysis in the COVID-19 Era: Insights on Serum Inactivation Protocols towards Downstream Isolation and Analysis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Roberto Frigerio ◽  
Angelo Musicò ◽  
Marco Brucale ◽  
Andrea Ridolfi ◽  
Silvia Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mirna Content

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, the handling of biological samples from confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals demanded the use of inactivation protocols to ensure laboratory operators’ safety. While not standardized, these practices can be roughly divided into two categories, namely heat inactivation and solvent-detergent treatments. These routine procedures should also apply to samples intended for Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) analysis. Assessing the impact of virus-inactivating pre-treatments is therefore of pivotal importance, given the well-known variability introduced by different pre-analytical steps on downstream EVs isolation and analysis. Arguably, shared guidelines on inactivation protocols tailored to best address EVs-specific requirements will be needed among the analytical community, yet deep investigations in this direction have not yet been reported. We here provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 inactivation practices to be adopted prior to serum EVs analysis by comparing solvent/detergent treatment vs. heat inactivation. Our analysis entails the evaluation of EVs recovery and purity along with biochemical, biophysical and biomolecular profiling by means of a set of complementary analytical techniques: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Western Blotting, Atomic Force Microscopy, miRNA content (digital droplet PCR) and tetraspanin assessment by microarrays. Our data suggest an increase in ultracentrifugation (UC) recovery following heat treatment; however, it is accompanied by a marked enrichment in EVs-associated contaminants. On the other hand, solvent/detergent treatment is promising for small EVs (<150 nm range), yet a depletion of larger vesicular entities was detected. This work represents a first step towards the identification of optimal serum inactivation protocols targeted to EVs analysis.

Structuring of Silicon Wafer Surfaces on the Sub-100 nm Scale by Hydrogen Plasma Treatments

2003 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Job ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
A. G. Ulyashin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Czochralski Silicon ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wafer Surfaces

ABSTRACTHydrogen plasma treatments applied on standard Czochralski silicon (Cz Si) wafers cause a structuring of the surface regions on the sub-100 nm scale, i.e. a thin ‘nano-structured’ Si layer is created up to a depth of ∼ 150 nm. The formation of the ‘nano-structures’ and their evolution in dependence on the process conditions was studied. The impact of post-hydrogenation annealing on the morphology of the structural defects was studied up to 1200 °C. The H-plasma treated and annealed samples were analyzed at surface and sub-surface regions by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and μ-Raman spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Deswelling Induced Morphological Changes in Dual pH and Temperature Responsive Ultra-Low Crosslinked Poly (N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)-Co-Acrylic Acid Microgels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Islam ◽  
Maddie Tumbarello ◽  
Andrew Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Ionization State ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Isopropyl Acrylamide ◽  
The Impact

<div>We demonstrated the deswelling induced morphological change in dual pH and Temperature responsive ultra-low crosslinked Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-acrylic acid microgels. The responsivity with pH and temperature were studied by light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Light scattering data suggest that at pH 4.5 the microgels undergo multiple transitions associated with collapse of pNIPAm-rich segments and repulsion between the AAc-rich segments. The evolution of punctate structures around the periphery or throughout the whole microgels at pH 4.5 and 6.5 respectively was revealed by AFM, further illustrating the heterogeneous deswelling present in the ionized copolymer microgels.</div><div>The impact of this study and understanding how ionization state of copolymer dictates the overall structural properties of microgels will widen our understanding for their applications in biotechnology</div><div><b><br></b></div>

scholarly journals 3P-311 Viscoelastic Properties of Many Living Cells Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy(The 46th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (supplement) ◽  
pp. S175
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Hiratsuka ◽  
Yusuke Mizutani ◽  
Masahiro Tsuchiya ◽  
Koichi Kawahara ◽  
Hiroshi Tokumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Biophysical Society

scholarly journals Detection Limits of DLS and UV-Vis Spectroscopy in Characterization of Polydisperse Nanoparticles Colloids

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Tomaszewska ◽  
Katarzyna Soliwoda ◽  
Kinga Kadziola ◽  
Beata Tkacz-Szczesna ◽  
Grzegorz Celichowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
The One

Dynamic light scattering is a method that depends on the interaction of light with particles. This method can be used for measurements of narrow particle size distributions especially in the range of 2–500 nm. Sample polydispersity can distort the results, and we could not see the real populations of particles because big particles presented in the sample can screen smaller ones. Although the theory and mathematical basics of DLS technique are already well known, little has been done to determine its limits experimentally. The size and size distribution of artificially prepared polydisperse silver nanoparticles (NPs) colloids were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Polydisperse colloids were prepared based on the mixture of chemically synthesized monodisperse colloids well characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DLS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Analysis of the DLS results obtained for polydisperse colloids reveals that several percent of the volume content of bigger NPs could screen completely the presence of smaller ones. The presented results could be extremely important from nanoparticles metrology point of view and should help to understand experimental data especially for the one who works with DLS and/or UV-Vis only.

The Impact of Harmful Habits on Academic Performance and Sports Activities among Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Victoria Yermilova ◽  
◽  
Natalia Stroiteleva ◽  
Zhanna Egorova ◽  
Ekaterina Vanina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

Smoking and alcohol consumption is a growing trend among young people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to provide students with a comparative analysis of adherence to harmful habits (smoking and alcohol) on the one hand and the frequency of sports and academic performance on the other, taking into account gender differences. The research was conducted in 2019-2020 in 5 cities of Russia; the sample included 1500 people aged 18.4 ± 1.1 years, divided into three equal groups. The control (first) group had students who are not engaged in sports, and the second group comprised students practicing sports but not professionally. The third group was made up of student-athletes. All participants were surveyed to determine the frequency of adherence to harmful habits. In the control group, boys smoked 50% more often than girls (p ≤ 0.05), while in the third group, smoking among boys was registered 70 times less often (p ≤ 0.001). Alcohol consumption in controls was 0.5 times more likely among boys (p ≤ 0.05). Harmful habits affect young people's free time and reduce their academic performance and ability to practice sports.

Viscoelastic properties of doxorubicin-treated HT-29 cancer cells by atomic force microscopy: the fractional Zener model as an optimal viscoelastic model for cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Rodríguez-Nieto ◽  
Priscila Mendoza-Flores ◽  
David García-Ortiz ◽  
Luis M. Montes-de-Oca ◽  
Marco Mendoza-Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Zener Model ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fractional Zener Model ◽  
Ht 29

scholarly journals Effects of suspended micro- and nanoscale particles on zooplankton functional diversity of drainage system reservoirs at an open-pit mine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Goździejewska ◽  
Monika Gwoździk ◽  
Sławomir Kulesza ◽  
Mirosław Bramowicz ◽  
Jacek Koszałka
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Suspension Parameters ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Water from mining drainage is turbid because of suspensions. We tested the hypothesis that the chemical composition as well as shape and size of particles in suspensions of natural origin affect the density and functional diversity of zooplankton. The suspensions were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. Elements found in the beidellite clays were also identified in the mineral structure of the particles. As the size of the microparticles decreased, the weight proportions of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine increased in the suspensions. These conditions facilitated the biomass growth of large and small microphages and raptorials. As the size of the nanoparticles decreased, the shares of silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium increased. These conditions inhibited raptorials the most. Ecosystem functionality was the highest with intermediate suspension parameters, which were at the lower range of the microphase and the upper range of the nanophase. The functional traits of zooplankton demonstrate their potential for use as sensitive indicators of disruptions in aquatic ecosystems that are linked with the presence of suspensions, and they facilitate gaining an understanding of the causes and scales of the impact of suspensions.

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