Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on PP/EPDM Blends by Dynamic Vulcanization

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinsuk Naskar
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber ◽  
Diene Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Abstract This review article introduces various aspects of dynamic vulcanization as applied to thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). The classification of polymer blends and TPEs, the development of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), and the application of different types of crosslinking systems with special emphasis on peroxides/co-agents, and phenolic resins as crosslinking agents for polypropylene / ethylene propylene diene rubber (PP/EPDM) blends are primarily reviewed. The morphology and rheology of these TPVs are also touched upon.

Thermoplastic Elastomers by Dynamic Vulcanization

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Naskar ◽  
J.W.M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
End Use ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

The present paper introduces various topics and aspects of dynamic vulcanization as applied to thermoplastic elastomers. The classification of polymer blends and thermoplastic elastomers, the development of thermoplastic vulcanizates, and the use of various types of crosslinking systems (with special emphasis on peroxides/co-agents, and phenolic resins as crosslinking agents for PP/EPDM blends) are reviewed. The morphology and rheology of thermoplastic vulcanizates and their typical end-use applications are also touched upon.

Effect of cross-linking degree of EPDM phase on the electrical properties and formation of dual networks of thermoplastic vulcanizate composites based on isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) blends

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (78) ◽  
pp. 74567-74574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Ma ◽  
Ruiying Bao ◽  
Zhengying Liu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Mingbo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Special Class ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber ◽  
Diene Rubber

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), as a special class of high-performance thermoplastic elastomers, have been widely used in the automotive industry, building, and electronics due to their good processability and recyclability.

Polyamide Reinforced EPDM Compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride Grafted Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yinxi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Diene Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Agents ◽  
Scanning Electron

Vulcanizates of blends of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) and polyamide (PA) copolymer were prepared by reactive compatibilization. A reactive route was employed to compatibilize these blends by the addition of maleic anhydride EPDM (MAH-g-EPDM). In this paper, the influence of compatibilizers, crosslinking agents, and blend composition on the mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The morphologies of the blends were determined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the addition of MAH-g-EPDM reduced the particle size of the dispersed phase remarkably. The stability of the blend was measured by thermal ageing at high temperature in the presence of compatibilizer. Both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of MAH-g-EPDM addition on the Tgs of the blend components. The addition of PA copolymer caused significant improvement in the tensile properties of these blends.

Dynamically Vulcanized PP/EPDM Blends: Effects of Different Types of Peroxides on the Properties

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Naskar ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solubility Parameter ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Fragmentation Mechanism ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Curing Agents

Abstract Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) or dynamic vulcanizates are thermoplastic elastomers produced by simultaneous mixing and crosslinking of a rubber and a thermoplastic. The effects of different types of peroxides as curing agents on the properties of PP/EPDM TPVs were investigated at a fixed blend ratio. The mechanical properties change significantly with the chemical nature of the peroxides, the extent of crosslinking of EPDM and the extent of degradation of PP. Three main parameters have been identified governing the final mechanical properties of TPVs: the solubility parameter of a peroxide relative to the substrates PP and EPDM, the fragmentation mechanism of the peroxide and the kinetic aspects of the peroxide fragmentation. Dicumyl peroxide gives the best balance of all properties, it complies the best of all with these parameters.

Ultrafine Wollastonite Reinforced Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber Thermoplastic Elastomers

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowaroj Chuayjuljit ◽  
Thatisorn Karnjanamayul
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber ◽  
Diene Rubber

In this study, tensile properties, thermal stability and morphology of polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene rubber/wollastonite (PP/EPDM/wollastonite) thermoplastic elastomer composites were tested and evaluated as a function of their compositions in comparison with PP/EPDM blends and native PP. PP was melt mixed with two loadings of EPDM (20 and 30% (w/w)) and for the composites each of these with three loadings of wollastonite (10, 20 and 30 parts by weight per hundred of the PP/EPDM resin) on a twin screw extruder and then injection molded. Both PP/EPDM blends provided a higher elongation at break but a lower tensile strength and Young’s modulus as compared with those of the neat PP. However, the addition of wollastonite microparticles (particle size of 1200 mesh) into the blends increased the Young’s modulus in a dose-dependent manner with increasing wollastonite loadings, whilst the tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased. Moreover, the thermal stability was improved by the presence of either EPDM or wollastonite in the PP matrix.

HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS FROM RUBBER–PLASTIC BLENDS: A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shib Shankar Banerjee ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACT This article reviews different types of high-temperature thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic vulcanizates from rubber-plastic blends. Preparation, structure, and properties of these materials are discussed briefly. Strategies to further improve the high-temperature performance of these materials are presented herein. A synopsis of the applications of these high-performance materials in the automotive industry is reported, pointing out the gaps to motivate potential research in this field.

Effect of Methacrylate Co-Agents on Peroxide Cured PP/EPDM Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. de Risi ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
A Value ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Diene Rubber

Abstract Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) have gained large technical and economic importance. TPVs are characterized by a chemically crosslinked rubber phase, embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, produced by dynamic vulcanization during mixing with the thermoplastic in its molten state. Methacrylate species are investigated as co-agents for peroxide vulcanization of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber (PP/EPDM) TPVs, whereby the weight fraction of the EPDM is varied from 30, 50 to 70%. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA), trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA, often referred to as TRIM) and zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) are tested. A fixed amount of dicumyl peroxide as crosslinker and varying contents of co-agents are employed, the latter to boost EPDM-crosslinking and prevent degradation of the PP by β-scission. Differences observed in mechanical properties point to diverse structures of the crosslink networks of the TPVs. Of the three co-agents, TMPTMA gives the best overall balance of properties by EPDM crosslinking and preventing PP-degradation. This is explained by the positioning of the solubility parameter of this co-agent between those of EPDM and PP, whilst EDMA presents a value far away from either one. ZDMA, although giving very good room temperature properties like tensile strength, shows signs of thermo-reversion of the crosslinks in the compression set measured at 70 °C.

Dynamically Vulcanized PP/EPDM Blends: Multifunctional Peroxides as Crosslinking Agents — Part I

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinsuk Naskar ◽  
Jacques W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Blooming Effect ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
By Products ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Abstract Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) or dynamic vulcanizates are a special class of thermoplastic elastomers, produced by mixing and crosslinking of a rubber and a thermoplastic polymer simultaneously. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that the use of dicumyl peroxide in combination with triallyl cyanurate as crosslinking agents provides a good overall balance of physical properties of PP/EPDM TPVs. Commonly used peroxides like dicumyl peroxide generally produce volatile decomposition products, which sometimes provide a typical smell or show a blooming effect. In this paper multifunctional peroxides are described, which reduce the above-mentioned problems. They consist of a peroxide and co-agent-functionality combined in a single molecule. The multifunctional peroxides provide properties of TPVs, which are comparable with commonly employed co-agent assisted peroxides. The solubility and kinetic aspects of the various peroxides are highlighted, as well as the decomposition products of the multifunctional peroxides with respect to the avoidance of smelly by-products. Particularly, 2,4-diallyoxy-6-tert-butylperoxy-1,3,5-triazine turns out to be a very good alternative to the dicumyl peroxide/triallyl cyanurate combination.

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