Tensile Rupture of Rubber

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Low Temperature Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Crystallization

Abstract The dependence of tensile strength of a number of vulcanizates on temperature has heen studied. A critical temperature θc is found for natural rubber at which an abrupt change in strength occurs. This temperature depends on degree of crosslinking and also on the nature of the vulcanizing system. The presence of carbon black filler increases the strength above θc but has little influence on the value of θc or the strength at temperatures below it. The behavior can be explained qualitatively in terms of a change in mechanism of rupture from essentially a tear process above θc to a crack growth process below it. The influence of vulcanizing system is mainly due to changes in the nature of the crosslink rather than changes in regularity of the main chain as shown by the rate of low temperature crystallization.

Thermographic Study of Elastomers III. Peculiarities of Crystallization of Natural Rubber

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-462
Author(s):  
B. Ya Teitel'baum ◽  
N. P. Anoshina
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Crystallographic Form ◽  
Sharp Difference ◽  
Thermographic Study ◽  
Low Temperature Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Crystallization

Abstract Thermographic (DTA) study reveals two independent melting regions of natural rubber crystallites and a gap between them which is determined by a sharp difference in the rates of the crystallization process. Crystallites formed at a low temperature (− 25° C) and at room temperatures are distinguished by the degree of development, but pertain to the same crystallographic form. High temperature crystals play the role of seed in low temperature crystallization. During the melting of low temperature crystallites of natural rubber, they recrystallize with a rise in the melting point (without reaching, however, room temperatures). The appearance of this phenomenon on the thermograms is determined by the relation between rates of crystallization and of heating in the course of the experiment. The rate of crystallization of natural rubber and the relative amount of crystallites formed at − 25° C were studied by DTA; the effect of rubber plasticization on these magnitudes was noted.

Photo-assisted low temperature crystallization of solution-derived LiCoO2 thin film

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 111241
Author(s):  
Boseon Yun ◽  
Tan Tan Bui ◽  
Paul Lee ◽  
Hayeong Jeong ◽  
Seung Beom Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Crystallization

A Model for Low Temperature Crystallization of Silicate Dust in Protoplanetary Disks

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Kyoko K. Tanaka ◽  
Tomonori Usuda ◽  
Motohide Tamura ◽  
Miki Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Low Temperature Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Crystallization

Processing of Stoichiometric and Ti Doped LiNbO3 Films with Preferred Orientation from Metal Alkoxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hirano ◽  
K. Kikuta ◽  
K. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Metal Alkoxides ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Vapor Stream ◽  
Low Temperature Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Crystallization

ABSTRACTStoichiometric and Ti-doped LiNbO3 films could be synthesized by the organometallic route. The films were epitaxially crystallized at temperatures around 400°C on sapphire substrates. The reaction control of alkoxides in solvent was found to be very critical for adjusting the stoichiometry and the low temperature crystallization, as well as the crystallization in water vapor stream.

Electron-Beam-Assisted Low-Temperature Crystallization of CuInSe$_text{2}$

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
Maeng Jun KIM ◽  
Sung Youp LEE ◽  
Hyeong Rag LEE ◽  
Sang Ho SOHN*
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Crystallization
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