The Combined Action of Maleic N-Methylimide and p-Bromobenzoyl Peroxide on Natural Rubber

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-346
Author(s):  
André Delalande
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Bromine Atom ◽  
Unsaturated Compounds ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
In Virtue Of

Abstract It is already known that natural rubber is capable of combining, under certain conditions, with various unsaturated compounds. Bacon and Farmer, for example, have fixed maleic anhydride on rubber in solution in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. This reaction has been applied likewise to acrylic acid, to acrylonitrile and to methacrylonitrile. Bacon and Farmer carried out the reaction with solutions of rubber which were refluxed for 18 hours, without, however, attempting to avoid the extraneous effect of atmospheric oxygen. The present author was, therefore, prompted to carry out the reaction protected from air in sealed tubes into which the solvent was introduced by distillation in a vacuum according to a technique based on that employed by Moureu and Dufraisse in their studies of autoxidation. In an effort to explain the mechanism of the reactions, maleic N-methylimide was chosen as the unsaturated reagent in the reaction and p-bromobenzoyl peroxide as the catalyst. These two compounds, in virtue of the nitrogen atoms and bromine atom in their respective molecules, made it possible to determine by analysis what became of them as a result of the reaction.

The Action ox Benzoyl Peroxide on Natural Rubber in Solution

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Compagnon ◽  
André Delalande
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unsaturated Compounds ◽  
To Come

Abstract An earlier publication described experiments on the combination of active ethylene compounds, such as maleic anhydride and acrylonitrile, with rubber in solution under the influence of benzoyl peroxide. Control experiments on the action of benzoyl peroxide alone under the same conditions were carried out also, and from the results it was possible to come to certain conclusions. Since then, the reactions of unsaturated compounds with rubber have been investigated more extensively, and further experiments have been carried out on the action of benzoyl peroxide alone. The authors believe that it is of interest to discuss these observations at the present time, for it is not intended to continue with any systematic study of this problem, which actually is only of secondary importance as far as the main purpose of the investigation under way is concerned. Furthermore, it is felt that some of the experimental results may be of importance to other investigators who have studied, in the past few years, the photogelation and oxidation of rubber from the theoretical viewpoint. Finally, in the work already cited, no mention was made of the important part played by oxygen, even when in very low percentages, and this led to an incorrect interpretation of the phenomena, for which it is well to make amends at this time.

Improving Mechanical Properties of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate-co-β-Hydroxyvalerate by Blending with Natural Rubber and Epoxidized Natural Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneewong Chutamas ◽  
Sunthornvarabhas Jackapon ◽  
Joong Kim Hyun ◽  
Sriroth Klanarong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Mixed Coding ◽  
Elastic Polymer

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is a bacterial-synthesized biopolymer. Moreover, PHBV is a biodegradable, it is an interesting biopolymer for disposable products. PHBV is difficult to process due to its low toughness, an elastic polymer such as natural rubber is introduced to develop toughness. In this experiment, PHBV mechanical properties were improved by blending with natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The NR/PHBV and ENR/PHBV blends with the same ratio of 10/90 (wt/wt) could be extruded, whereas other conditions could not. This ratio was then used throughout this study to examine effect of maleic anhydride (MA) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to improve toughness of the blends. Result showed at composition where 1.0 % (wt/wt) MA and 0.05 % (wt/wt) BPO was mixed (coding EPMB2), several aspects of mechanical properties were improved. The blend, EPMB2 revealed the highest impact strength, significantly improved of elongation but drastically decreased of tensile strength. Storage modulus slightly decreased, tangent delta significantly increased when compared with neat PHBV.

A New Material: Anhydride Rubber. I

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Le Bras
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Extensive Investigation ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
New Material

Abstract In earlier work on the action of various unsaturated compounds on rubber, Compagnon and the present author described briefly a new reaction of maleic anhydride. It should be added, as a matter of record, that the reaction of maleic anhydride and rubber had already been studied by Bacon and Farmer, who, in a very interesting work, described a process for obtaining addition products of rubber and maleic anhydride. It is well, therefore, first of all to describe the principle of their work and the results which were obtained. The first observation made by Bacon and Farmer was that when a toluene solution of milled crude rubber is heated for several hours at about 100° C with maleic anhydride in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, which acts as a catalyst, a definite reaction takes place. The reaction product can be precipitated by alcohol, and can then be recovered in the form of a white or pale yellow resin which does not have any of the elastic properties of rubber. In a more extensive investigation of the reaction, where the experimental conditions were varied, e.g., the proportions of benzoyl peroxide and of maleic anhydride, nature of the solvent, concentration of the solution, and time and temperature of heating, Bacon and Farmer succeeded in obtaining a true series of addition products, whose properties changed progressively with the proportion of chemically combined maleic anhydride. With increase in the proportion of maleic anhydride, there was a gradual transition from products which were still somewhat rubbery to fibrous products, and finally to hard brittle resins which contained more than one-third by weight of chemically combined maleic anhydride and which had none of the physical properties characteristic of rubber. As might be expected, the solubilities likewise changed progressively from products which were soluble in rubber solvents to those which were soluble in solvents for maleic anhydride; e.g., some of the derivatives were soluble in boiling ethyl alcohol.

Synthesis of Hydrophobic Modified Polyacrylamide Functional Materials in Supercritical CO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Lan Zheng ◽  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Yin Dang
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Modified Polyacrylamide ◽  
Associating Polymer

The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), Dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (G04), acrylic acid and the polycondensate of maleic anhydride and Polyethyleneglycol (PEG400) was studied in detail with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator when supercritical CO2 and the acetone solvent were presented. The functional fluoride hydrophobic associating polymer products have some special characters with excellent performance of gas storage The structure of the copolymer products was characterized by FTIR, MR, 1H-NMR and SEM analysis.

Reactions of macroions with ester and carboxylic groups of polymers

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2194-2203
Author(s):  
Miloslav Kučera ◽  
Dušan Kimmer ◽  
Karla Majerová ◽  
Josef Majer
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

In the reaction of dianions with poly(methyl methacrylate), only an insignificant amount of insoluble crosslinked product is obtained. If, however, the concentration of grafting dianions approaches that of ester groups, the amount of poly(methyl methacrylate) which may thus be crosslinked becomes quite significant. Dications, too, can bring about crosslinking of only an insignificant number of poly(methyl methacrylate) chains. Carboxylic groups in poly(acrylic acid) react with dianions and dications in an anhydrous medium similarly to ester groups. On the other hand, in the presence of a cocatalytic amount of water dications are more readily bound to carboxylic groups, forming a covalent bond. The relatively highest efficiency was observed in the bond formation between dication and the poly[styrene-alt-(maleic anhydride)], both in an anhydrous medium and in the presence of H2O.

Effect of Ni(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) metal ions on the crystallinity of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-acrylic acid)

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1708-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Kavlak ◽  
Hatice Kaplan Can ◽  
Ali Güner ◽  
Zakir Rzaev
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Metal Ions

scholarly journals Frontal Polymerization in Acrylic Acid System

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
P. K. Srivastava ◽  
S. S. Majhi ◽  
B. K. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Frontal Polymerization ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Front Position ◽  
Initial Starting

Moving wave front have been investigated in acrylic acid / benzoyl peroxide / N, N-dimethyl aniline system in a test tube at 30oC temperature. Dependence of front velocity on initial concentration of benzoyl peroxide, and effect of hydroquinone was determined. Consumption of acrylic acid and benzoyl peroxide have been found to decrease exponentially with respect to front position. The variation of reaction temperature with respect to front position at different initial concentration of benzoyl peroxide and different initial starting temperature have been investigated. It has been established that the reaction temperature increases and attains a maximum value by increasing both benzoyl peroxide and initial reaction temperature. The rate of polyacrylic acid chain propagation has been determined.

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