Effect of Stretching on the Properties of Rubber

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Filler Particles

Abstract The results of tensile stress-strain, stress relaxation, swelling, electric conductivity, and power factor tests show that the properties of pure vulcanizates are only slightly affected by previous stretching or flexing; on the other hand, the properties of vulcanizates containing reinforcing agents, or fillers which stiffen the rubber, may be considerably changed by previous stretching. The increases of stiffness, electric conductivity, and power factor produced by the incorporation of the fillers are destroyed by flexing or stretching. From most practical points of view these changes are of a permanent nature, as at normal temperatures the recovery towards the initial properties is slow. These effects are attributed to the breakdown of both agglomerates and chains of filler particles, and the adsorption of the filler particles on the rubber.

scholarly journals To Publish, Make Known and Sell or Promoting Printed Books in the Incunabula Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-356
Author(s):  
Lucia Lichnerová
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

The study To Publish, Make Known and Sell is based on verified existence of competition tensions between the 15th century typographers/publishers, related to the absence of functional regulatory tools of book production of the incunabula period. The increase in the number of book-printers within the relatively narrow geographical area, disregard of publishers’ privileges, the emergence of pirated reprints, as well as insufficient self-promotion on the book market through introducing novelties had concentrated typographers’ attention on devising new tools of securing their triumph in publisher’s competition – the so called book advertisements. The author has analysed 44 promotional posters of the incunabula period from several points of view and attempted to identify their design elements, which on the one hand showed signs of certain standardization, while on the other hand they were subject to personal creativity of their creator. She gives detailed overview of the circumstances of the origin, typographic design and contents of book advertisements of several kinds within the context of promoting either the existing or planned editions, of one edition or a group of books; specifically focusing on the unique types of advertising. In conclusion, the author cites the circumstances of the extinction of book advertisements related to the rise of the new promotional tool – booksellers’ catalogue and submits a bibliography of the book advertisements dating from the 15th century.

scholarly journals Support of Road Freight Transport Especially in North-East Part of Schengen Borders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Romana Hricová
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
North East ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right

Green logistics is very attractive and request the point of view. Many companies try to be “green”, but on the other hand they also must be quick, be in right time in the right place and everything with as low costs as possible. So because of it, they use more road freight transport. Nowadays road freight transport is much expanded as transport companies prefer the possibility to operate just-in-time.  There are several advantages that give road freight transport the first place. Firstly, the truck can be prepared whenever, no matter what time is chosen.  Secondly, the flexibility and no more borders with customs control inside the Schengen Area make freight transport quicker. On the other hand, innovative approaches ask for environmental protection, which becomes one of the most important points of view.  If countries support this environmental friendly transport, this would be reflected in the transport prices which should make rail transport more interesting. Using the methodology in the manuscript was divided to three steps. The first step is to identify relevant questions related to border crossing. Next step is to elaborate a list of border problems, and the last step is an analysis of available data.  

scholarly journals ON THOMAS BERNHARD’S NARRATIVE THINKING: «ETERNAL RETURN» AND A POLYPHONIC WRITING

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
V.V. Kotelevskaya
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Interpretation ◽  
Eternal Return ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Narrative Thinking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thomas Bernhard ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

The article explores the typological principles and genesis of narrative thinking of Thomas Bernhard (1931-1989). It reveals the paradoxical nature of his writing, which combines, on the one hand, archetypal structures, implied ‘genre memory’, and on the other hand, a unique, innovative style. Bernhard’s constructive principle is repetition, which allows the embodiment of the idea of «eternal return» (Eliade) throughout the poetical structure, whether it is a sacred event of a myth or an «obsessive repetition» (Freud) of the traumatic memories of the protagonist or the narrator. The fragmented world is under constant reorganizing with the help of Bernhard’s polyphonic writing, which finds itself mostly in the imitation of the non-figurative, purely expressive, self-referential «art of fugue» (Bach), oriented to the cyclic, rather than linear-historical concept of time. In contrast to the literary interpretation of the «polyphonic novel» (Bakhtin) with its coexistence of multiple points of view, our attention is shifted to the musicological interpretation of the fugue’s polyphony as the embodied idea of the continuity of time, the closeness and infinity of the divine universe.

Framed 4-valent graph minor theory I: Introduction. A planarity criterion and linkless embeddability

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1460002
Author(s):  
Vassily Olegovich Manturov
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graph Minor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Simple Class ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
General Graphs ◽  
Planarity Criterion

This paper is the first one in the sequence of papers about a simple class of framed 4-graphs; the goal of this paper is to collect some well-known results on planarity and to reformulate them in the language of minors. The goal of the whole sequence is to prove analogs of the Robertson–Seymour–Thomas theorems for framed 4-graphs: namely, we shall prove that many minor-closed properties are classified by finitely many excluded graphs. From many points of view, framed 4-graphs are easier to consider than general graphs; on the other hand, framed 4-graphs are closely related to many problems in graph theory.

Recreational Mathematics

1950 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Aaron Bakst
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Instruction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Mathematical Operations ◽  
Interest And Motivation ◽  
Mathematical Literature

This is the beginning of a new department in The Mathematics Teacher. This department has a purpose. Its aim is to assist the classroom teacher in putting color and life in everyday teaching. There are many ways and means how this might be achieved. Generally, recreations are supposed to introduce elements of interest and motivation. On the other hand, recreations, as they have been known in the mathematical literature for centuries, have been centered around the puzzling and the play with mathematical operations. This may be interesting, but only for a while. Soon the interest in such things may wear off. This acts as a warning that we should not become too enthusiastic over such types of recreations. If we teach mathematics from such recreational points of view only, we may obscure the more important aims of the mathematical instruction.

scholarly journals Uniaxial Tensile Stress-Strain Response on the 3D Angle Interlock Woven Fabric Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
F. M.Z. Nasrun ◽  
M. F. Yahya ◽  
M. R. Ahmad ◽  
S. A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Stress ◽  
Set Up

An experimental study have been performed to investigate the uniaxial tensile stress-strain response on the 3D angle interlock (3DAI) woven fabric composite. The tensile analysis were examined based on different woven fabric set-up parameter of draw-in plan ; pointed (DRW 1), broken (DRW 2), broken mirror (DRW 3), and straight (DRW 4). Meanwhile, the woven fabric composite were produced based on 22 and 25 pick.cm-1 of weft densities. The outcomes produced shown that woven composite sample with 25 pick.cm-1 on DRW 4 projected the highest stress response, 113 MPa. Extensive review indicated that DRW 1 and 4 gave better tensile stress-strain response than the other counterpart. 

scholarly journals A New Hybrid Viscoelastic Soft Tissue Model based on Meshless Method for Haptic Surgical Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidong Bao ◽  
Dongmei Wu ◽  
Zhiyuan Yan ◽  
Zhijiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Formula Derivation ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

This paper proposes a hybrid soft tissue model that consists of a multilayer structure and many spheres for surgical simulation system based on meshless. To improve accuracy of the model, tension is added to the three-parameter viscoelastic structure that connects the two spheres. By using haptic device, the three-parameter viscoelastic model (TPM) produces accurate deformationand also has better stress-strain, stress relaxation and creep properties. Stress relaxation and creep formulas have been obtained by mathematical formula derivation. Comparing with the experimental results of the real pig liver which were reported by Evren et al. and Amy et al., the curve lines of stress-strain, stress relaxation and creep of TPM are close to the experimental data of the real liver. Simulated results show that TPM has better real-time, stability and accuracy.

scholarly journals Figury grozy w literackiej i malarskiej twórczości Zdzisława Beksińskiego

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-170
Author(s):  
Bogna Kubińska
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Original Phenomenon

The author of this article focuses on the category of dread which is characteristic of Beksiński’s works. It is an original phenomenon because of the tools that create it and its influence on the poetics of the artistic text. The most important areas of the artist’s literary works and paintings in which he operated with dread, were space, characters and colors. Due to the similarity of means of expression shaping dread in stories and paintings, one can speak of transmedia figures of dread in Beksiński’s work, i.e. metaphor, exaggeration, oxymoron, repetition, animation, play with the perspective and points of view. These figures coexist with each other, interact with each other in the process of creating a unique world of dread, characteristic only to Beksiński. On the other hand, dread itself affects the tools that make it up and transforms the effect of their operation. The author of the article calls such a phenomenon ‘acquainted dread’ – the action of the figures used, initially causing dread, is reversed and means that the presented elements – despite the clear features causing fear – cease to be its source for the recipient.

scholarly journals Mystery Shopping a Tool for Sales Processes Evaluation in the Hospitality Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Lubica Sebova ◽  
Radka Marcekova ◽  
Radim Dusek
Keyword(s):  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Employee Behavior ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mystery Shopping ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sales Process ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Mystery Shoppers

Mystery shopping can be characterized as a marketing method used for anonymous and objective evaluation of the quality of provided services. The method helps the owner of the company, where the mystery shopping is applied, to gain better images of processes in the company, information about employee behavior towards customers, quality of provided services, environment, atmosphere, etc. It is realized by mystery shoppers who give the owner the information about used services gained by secret purchases. The aim of the paper is to examine the use of the mystery shopping method as a tool for evaluating the sales process in hospitality facilities. We research the use of mystery shopping from two points of view. On one hand, based on the structured interviews with managers of mystery shopping agencies and, on the other hand, based on structured interviews with managers of hospitality facilities that use mystery shopping method. All researched companies agreed on the statement that mystery shopping is very good primary impulse for changes in the company but ction devoted work of the management and all its employees is necessary.

The Evaluation of Carbon Blacks

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
D. F. Cranor ◽  
H. A. Braendle
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Laboratory Performance ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strain Data

Abstract In conclusion, it is shown that the “Delta A function” provides an instrument for the classification of carbon blacks as regards their usefulness to the rubber compounder. It is an index of widely inclusive character and not only indicates performance at optimum concentration, but also the range of effectiveness. The writers have undertaken exposition of the special applications of this to the classification of carbon pigments, pointing out the precautions necessary for its accurate use. We believe it important to supplement the “Delta A function” with other stress-strain data, also with laboratory performance tests, and finally with service records, when it is necessary to differentiate between carbons of the same general category. On the other hand, we believe no study of carbons or other pigments is complete unless “Delta A” values are included. Acknowledgment is gratefully made for the valuable suggestions of W. B. Wiegand and also the cooperation of Binney & Smith Co., who supplied all of the carbon blacks investigated and gave permission to publish the data covered by this paper.

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