Determination of Resistance to Abrasive Wear. V. Influence of Calender Grain

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-256
Author(s):  
R. W. Parris ◽  
J. R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Abrasion Testing

Abstract The standard form of test-piece used on the type of abrasion testing machine of the Akron Standard Mold Company is a disc of about 63.5 mm. diameter and 12.5 mm. thick. This can be made either (1) by vulcanizing in a mold of appropriate shape, which is filled with a blank cut from a sheet of stock about 13 mm. thick, or (2) by cutting out from a mold-vulcanized slab 12.5 mm. thick. In either case the abrasive wear takes place on a surface corresponding to the edge of a disc cut from the sheet of stock. The same is true if tests are made on discs cut from rubber articles such as soles, flooring, or other material in sheet form. In the actual use of such articles as tires, soles and heels flooring, conveyor belting, and tough rubber cable sheaths, the abrasive wear occurs on a surface representing substantially the flat surface of the sheet of stock. If the stock contains fillers that produce a calender grain effect, e.g., magnesium carbonate and clay, it cannot be assumed that the wear on the flat surface of the sheet is the same as that on the edge of a disc cut from it, which lies in a plane perpendicular to the former surface. If there is a difference between the rates of wear on these two surfaces, the type of test-piece described above must give an incorrect indication of the abrasion resistance of the rubber in actual use.

Contribution to the Determination of the Abrasion Resistance of Soft Vulcanized Rubber

1954 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Herzog ◽  
R. H. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Test Load ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Actual Service ◽  
The Many ◽  
Abrasion Testing

Abstract Of the great number of methods available for the determination of the abrasion resistance of vulcanized rubber, only a few give results which correlate at all well with actual service performance. The part played by the resilience of the rubber, the correct choice of test load, and the manner of application of this load are among the many testing conditions which are of considerable importance. Some of these conditions are considered in the present work, and a new abrasion testing machine is described.

Study on Changes of Metal Chemical Composition by Abrasive Wear of Alfalfa Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 2762-2765
Author(s):  
Ke Ping Zhang ◽  
Jing Feng Wu ◽  
Jian Long Huang ◽  
Xiao Peng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Surface ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Metal Wear ◽  
Metal Element ◽  
Element Contents ◽  
Abrasion Testing

The abrasive wear of 45 steel and HT200 iron which are usually used on agriculture machine was tested by alfalfa powder on a grinding abrasion testing machine. The chemical composition on both wear metal surface and original surface were analysed with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that metal element contents on the metal wear surface were decreased, while the nonmetallic element contents were increased.

Mechanical Behaviour of CoCrMo Alloy with Si Content

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1017-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrică Vizureanu ◽  
Mirabela Georgiana Minciună ◽  
Dragoş Cristian Achiţei ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Standard Samples

.The paper present aspects about the obtaining of non-precious dental alloys (type CoCrMo and CoCrMoSi7), the determination of chemical composition by optical emission spectrometry and the experimental tests for determining the tensile strength, made on standard plate samples. The base material used in experiments was a commercial alloy, from CoCrMo system, which belongs to the class of dental non-precious alloys, intended to medical applications. The obtaining of studied alloy was made on arc re-melting installation, under vacuum, type MRF ABJ 900. The process followed to realize a rapid melting, with a maximum admissible current intensity. The samples for tests were obtained by casting in an electric arc furnace, under vacuum, in optimal conditions for melting and solidification and processing by electro-erosion, to eliminate all the disturbing factors which come by processing conditions for the samples. The determination of chemical composition for cobalt based alloys, by optical emission spectrometry, was made on SpectromaxX equipment with spark. The electrical discharge is made with the elimination of an energy quantity, fact which determine plasma forming and light issue. Tensile tests for standard samples, made from cobalt based alloy, was made on Instron 3382 testing machine, and assisted by computer. The obtained results are: elongation, elasticity modulus, tensile strength and offer complete information about the analyzed mechanical properties. For the certitude of obtained experimental results, the tests were made on samples with specific dimensions according ISO 6892-1:2009(E) standard, both for the tensile strength, and also machine operation.

Determination of Resistance to Abrasive Wear. VIII. Influence of Softeners in Tests with the Akron-Croydon and Du Pont Machines

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
J. F. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Abrasive Surface ◽  
Abrasive Power ◽  
The Difference ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right ◽  
Abrasion Testing

Abstract These experiments indicate that softeners can influence abrasion resistance, as measured by laboratory machines, in some manner other than by altering the stress-strain properties of the rubber. One possible explanation is that the softener acts as a lubricant to the abrasive surface. Since this surface, in laboratory abrasion-testing machines, is relatively small, and comes repeatedly into contact with the rubber under test, it seems possible that it may become coated with a thin layer of softener that reduces its abrasive power. It would be interesting in this connection to try an abrasive machine in which a long continuous strip of abrasive material was used, no part of it being used more than once, so as to eliminate or minimize this lubricating effect. The fact that the effect of the softener is more pronounced on the du Pont than on the Akron-Croydon machine lends support to the lubrication hypothesis, because on the former machine the rate of wear per unit area of abrasive is much greater. Thus in the present tests the volume of rubber abraded per hr. per sq. cm. of abrasive surface ranges from 0.03 to 0.11 cc. on the du Pont machine and from 0.0035 to 0.0045 cc. on the Akron-Croydon machine. On the other hand, if the softener acts as a lubricant, it would be expected to reduce considerably the friction between the abrasive and the rubber and hence the energy used in dragging the rubber over the abrasive surface. The energy figures given in the right-hand columns of Tables 1 and 3, however, show that there is relatively little variation between the different rubbers. As a test of the lubrication hypothesis, it would be of interest to vary the conditions of test so that approximately the same amount of rubber per unit area of abrasive is abraded in a given time on both machines; this should show whether the phenomena observed under the present test conditions are due solely to the difference in rate of wear or to an inherent difference in the type of wear on the two machines. This could most conveniently be done by considerably reducing the load on the du Pont machine. In the original work on this machine the load was standardized at 8 pounds, but no figures are quoted to show how abrasion loss varies with the load. As an addition to the present investigation, it is proposed to examine the effect of this variation with special reference to rubbers containing various amounts and types of softener. Published data on the influence of softeners on the road wear of tire rubbers do not indicate anything like such large effects as are shown by the du Pont machine. This throws some doubt on the value of this machine for testing tire tread rubbers, a conclusion which is confirmed by information obtained from other workers.

Wear and Corrosion Behaviours of FeCrNiSi Alloy Coatings by Laser Cladding

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1406-1413
Author(s):  
Yu Long Qi ◽  
Hai Yan Chen ◽  
Chen Yang Shu ◽  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Li Hua Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Surface Mapping

Soft and hard FeCrNiSi alloy coatings were obtained on 30CrMo alloy steel surface by laser cladding. The phase constitution, microstructure, frictional wear behavior and corrosion resistance of the composite coating were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), three-dimensional non-contact surface mapping, friction and wear testing machine and electrochemical workstation, separately. XRD analysis showed that the cladding layer was mainly composed of Fe-based alloy composition, accompanied by a small amount of cobalt nickel alloy. There were massive protrusions in the interface of the soft sample, and the coating was regularly dendritic. Hard sample coating lines were cluttered, and there was no bulk deposition. Under the same wear condition, the soft coating exhibited serious abrasive wear, while the hard coating had slight abrasive wear behavior. The polarization curves in 3%NaCl solution revealed that the self-corrosion potential of the soft coating was positive shifted more than that the hard coating. The soft coating has better corrosion resistance than the hard coating.

scholarly journals METHOD OF SAMPLE MANUFACTURING FROM MULTILAYER COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR STUDYING THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Alsaid Mazen ◽  
Ali Salamekh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Economic Considerations

In the last decades there is increasing the need to apply polymer composite materials in different industries, particularly in shipbuilding. There are developing single structures made from polymer composite materials to be used on board ships. The article focuses on technology of manufacturing slabs from polymer composite materials to carry out mechanical testing in the laboratory special standard units. Mechanical properties of polymer composite materials depend on molding technologies. There has been described a technology of sample manufacturing from polymer composite materials reinforced with glass fiber mat with fiberglass plastics. The technique of testing the specified samples for tensile strength has been considered. The sizes and shapes of the samples as well as the technological parameters of the manufacturing process have been validated, depending on the standard requirements and the technological features of the testing machine. The physical and mechanical properties of the components that make up the composite materials are considered. The sequence of stacking layers for preparation of plates from composite materials is indicated. The dimensions of the plates for cutting out finished samples are determined, depending on the method of production. The way of laying plates from composite materials has been chosen on the base of economic considerations and conditions of accessibility. The obtained results of mechanical properties can be used in solving problems of application of polymer composite materials in shipbuilding, for example, in manufacturing superstructures of some dry cargo vessels.

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