Relation between Abrasion and Strength of Rubber

1966 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Grosch ◽  
A. Schallamach
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Proportionality Constant ◽  
Filled Rubbers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Frictional Energy Dissipation

Abstract The temperature dependence of abrasion of various gum and black-filled rubbers on silicon carbide paper is closely similar to the temperature dependence of their energy density at break determined at a high rate of extension. The conclusion is drawn that this type of abrasion is predominantly due to tensile failure, as had been envisaged in earlier work. The effective rate of extension during abrasion at a sliding velocity of 1 cm/sec is about 10,000 per cent/sec. The volume of abraded rubber is approximately proportional to the ratio between frictional energy dissipation and energy density at break. The proportionality constant is greater for black-filled than for gum rubbers. The effects of temperature and velocity on the abrasion of non-crystallizing gums are interrelated by means of the Ferry transform, indicating the viscoelastic nature of the abrasion process operating on these compounds.

scholarly journals In situ damage assessment using synchrotron X-rays in materials loaded by a Hopkinson bar

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2015) ◽  
pp. 20130191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinong W. Chen ◽  
Matthew C. Hudspeth ◽  
Ben Claus ◽  
Niranjan D. Parab ◽  
John T. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Dynamic Experiments

Split Hopkinson or Kolsky bars are common high-rate characterization tools for dynamic mechanical behaviour of materials. Stress–strain responses averaged over specimen volume are obtained as a function of strain rate. Specimen deformation histories can be monitored by high-speed imaging on the surface. It has not been possible to track the damage initiation and evolution during the dynamic deformation inside specimens except for a few transparent materials. In this study, we integrated Hopkinson compression/tension bars with high-speed X-ray imaging capabilities. The damage history in a dynamically deforming specimen was monitored in situ using synchrotron radiation via X-ray phase contrast imaging. The effectiveness of the novel union between these two powerful techniques, which opens a new angle for data acquisition in dynamic experiments, is demonstrated by a series of dynamic experiments on a variety of material systems, including particle interaction in granular materials, glass impact cracking, single crystal silicon tensile failure and ligament–bone junction damage.

scholarly journals Growth and feed utilization of Boer x Kacang crossbred goats offered total mixed rations of different protein and energy levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Simon P. Ginting ◽  
Kiston Simanihuruk ◽  
Antonius Antonius ◽  
Andi Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Crude Protein Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of and feed utilization by Boer x Kacang crosses goats fed on total mixed ration differing in protein and energy levels. Four total mixed rations combination were formulated to contain 16 and 18% crude protein and 2650 and 2850 Kcal ME/ kg DM (dried matter) energy density. Twenty-eight male Boer x Kacang crosses goats (14.5 ± 1.14 kg) and of age ranging from 4 to 5 months were randomly allocated to one of these four TMRs (total mixed rations) (7 animals/TMR). The effects of dietary treatment were assessed using the general linear model and significance of the diet effects was detected using Duncan’s multiple range test. Dry matter intake increased as metabolizable energy density of diet increased from 2650 to 2850 Kcal/kg DM, but it is not affected by increasing crude protein level from 16 to 18%. The average daily gains were not improved (P>0.05) as the crude protein levels and metabolizable energy density of diet increased. Crude protein levels and ME density did not affect (P>0.05) the DM, OM and energy digestibility, but NDF digestibility was affected by the ME density of diets (P<0.05). Daily N intakes were greater (P<0.0%) in goats received diets higher in the crude protein and metabolizable energy levels. At this high rate of feed intake this type of goats are able to gain optimally when offered feed with crude protein level of 16% and metabolizable energy density of 2850 Kcal/kg DM.

Interfacial electron modulation of MoS2/black phosphorus heterostructure toward high-rate and high-energy density half/full sodium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenrui Zhang ◽  
Tingting Liang ◽  
Huilong Dong ◽  
Junjun Li ◽  
Junyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, viable anode materials still suffer from sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics and huge volume expansion during cycling,...

Perforated mesoporous NiO nanostructures for an enhanced pseudocapacitive performance with ultra-high rate capability and high energy density

CrystEngComm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (46) ◽  
pp. 7130-7140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narasimharao Kitchamsetti ◽  
Parameshwar R. Chikate ◽  
Ranjit A. Patil ◽  
Yuan-Ron Ma ◽  
Parasharam M. Shirage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
2D Nanosheets

The morphology of NiO (1D nanobelts and 2D nanosheets) has a significant effect on the pseudocapacitive performance. The perforated and interlinked mesoporous structure of NiO nanobelts delivered higher power and energy density than nanosheets.

Co-Electrodeposited porous PEDOT–CNT microelectrodes for integrated micro-supercapacitors with high energy density, high rate capability, and long cycling life

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7761-7770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Waqas Ali Haider ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Xufeng Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Excellent Cycling Stability ◽  
Cycling Life

Microstructuring of the PEDOT–CNT composite for microsupercapacitors with high rate capability and excellent cycling stability.

Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of high-rate FeS2 nanoparticles anchored on graphene for hybrid supercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. 14956-14966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqin Sun ◽  
Huiming Lin ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
He Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitor ◽  
High Specific Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitors ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Benefitting from the high specific capacity (793 C g−1) of the FeS2/graphene anode, an assembled all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor device based on the FeS2/graphene anode and a Ni(OH)2@Co9S8 cathode achieves an ultrahigh energy density of up to 95.8 W h kg−1 at a power density of 949 W kg−1.

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