Influence of Temperature on the Tensile Strength of Carbon Filled Vulcanizates

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Sambrook
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Molecular Mobility ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Hysteresis ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
High Structure

Abstract Despite undergoing a substantial reduction with increasing temperature the presence of carbon black added to the strength of both natural and styrenebutadiene rubber at temperatures up to 185° C. The magnitude of reinforcement was primarily dependent upon filler surface area although at the higher temperatures when this dependence is not so marked both high structure and particle activity appear advantageous. No theory of carbon black reinforcement can reasonably ignore the morphological characteristics of the material whose action it is attempting to explain. The concept of within aggregate voids, and occluded rubber envisaged by Medalia and used in this paper to describe the effect of fillers on rubber modulus, provides an interesting molecular meaning to the effects that have hitherto been explained on the basis of “shell” theories. Occluded rubber might reasonably be viewed as a type of shell since it undoubtedly represents a polymer zone in which molecular mobility is restricted. Furthermore the view of rubber being pulled from the interstices of an aggregate, manifestly a stress softening action, provides a source of plastic flow and mechanical hysteresis in the region of the aggregate—an apparent prerequisite for reinforcement.

Influence of Temperature on Hydraulic Conductivity in Compacted Bentonite

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Cho ◽  
J. O. Lee ◽  
K. S. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Compacted Bentonite ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTThe hydraulic conductivities in water saturated bentonites at different densities were measured within temperature range of 20 to 80 °C. The results show that the hydraulic conductivities increase with increasing temperature. The hydraulic conductivities of bentonites at the temperature of 80 °C increase up to about 3 times as high as those at 20 °C. The measured values are in good agreement with those predicted. The change in viscosity of water with temperature contributes greatly to increase of hydraulic conductivity.

Effect of Temperature on Crater Formation and Ejecta Composition in Aluminum Alloy Targets

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nishida ◽  
Koichi Hayashi ◽  
Junichi Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Ito
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Crater Formation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The influence of temperature on crater formation and ejecta composition in thick aluminum alloy targets were investigated for impact velocities ranging from approximately 1.5 to 3.5 km/s using a two-stage light-gas gun. The diameter and depth of the crater increased with increasing temperature. The ejecta size at low temperature was slightly smaller than that at high temperature and room temperature. Temperature did not affect the size ratio of ejecta. The scatter diameter of the ejecta at high temperature was slightly smaller than those at low and room temperatures.

Temperature Influence on the Viscoelastic Electromechanical Deformation of Dielectric Elastomer

2014 ◽  
Vol 1052 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Sheng ◽  
Yu Qing Zhang ◽  
Shu Yong Li ◽  
Hua Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Electromechanical Instability ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Electromechanical Deformation

Temperature can significantly affect the performance of a viscoelastic dielectric elastomer (DE). In the current study, we use a thermodynamic model to characterize the influence of temperature on the viscoelastic electromechanical response undergoing a constant electric load by taking into account the temperature dependent elastic modus and dielectric constant. Due to the significant viscoelasticity in the dielectric elastomer, DE membrane creeps in time and the inelastic stretch of DE is smaller than that of the total stretch. The results show that the total stretch of the viscoelastic electromechanical deformation increases with the increasing temperature until suffering electromechanical instability at a high temperature; the actuation performance is dominated by the moduli of the elastomer. This may be used to guide the design of dielectric elastomer actuators undergoing temperature variation.

High Temperature Elastomers for Extreme Aerospace Environments

1966 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Sieron
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Temperature Tensile ◽  
High Structure

Abstract To meet the ever increasing environmental requirements imposed on sub-system components of advanced aerospace weapons systems, a comprehensive project to develop high strength, high temperature resistant elastomeric materials has been pursued. To attain this goal, research on reinforcement, stabilization, and crosslinking systems for butyl, ethylene propylene terpolymer, and fluoroelastomers was carried out. Results obtained in earlier work with the hydrocarbon elastomers disclosed that fine-particle-size, high-structure carbon black provided excellent tensile properties at high temperatures. Further work on stabilization systems resulted in the discovery that stannous oxide was effective for phenolic-resin-cured butyl at temperatures up to 500° F. For EPT, vulcanization-stabilization systems which provided a threefold improvement in useful life of this elastomer at temperatures in the range 300° F to 500° F were elucidated. Preliminary studies on fluoroelastomer reinforcement led to the finding that properly dispersed carbon fiber imparted not only better high temperature tensile strength, but also improved life at temperatures up to 600° F. In the present work, fibrous magnesium silicate, a material which normally would be used for dusting uncured rubber or as a paint filler, was found to be an effective reinforcing material for fluoroelastomers. Vulcanizates prepared with an acicular-platy form of this material have tensile strength at 400° F which is 80% greater than that with commonly used medium thermal carbon black. Hot tear strengths with even greater improvements were also realized, and as an added bonus, resistance to deterioration over a temperature range of 600° F to 700° F was also noteworthy. Primary implication of this work lies in renewed awareness that elastomeric vulcanizates are composite materials. Reinforcing materials as well as other additives are very influential in determining the engineering properties and performance of elastomers.

FEEDING AND EGG PRODUCTION OF TWO SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDS IN THE LABORATORY

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between feeding rate and egg production of Coccinella trifasciata Mulsant and C. californica Mannerheim feeding on pea aphids, was investigated in the laboratory at 15.0°, 18.5°, 21.5°, and 25.5°C. Both species increase their feeding rate with increasing temperature above 13.6°C, with C. californica, the larger species, increasing its food consumption faster. C. californica also has the higher maintenance requirement but when food consumption is expressed relative to the beetles’ body weight, there is no difference between the species in either attribute. Coccinella californica converts excess food to eggs more efficiently than C. trifasciata.No significant influence of temperature on either the conversion rate or the maintenance requirement could be detected. The adverse effects of a very low feeding rate, whether due to restricted food supply or low temperature, influenced the beetles’ response to subsequent treatments.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on the Rheological Behavior of Orange Honey

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Ioana Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The study was performed to determine the effect of the logarithm of the viscosity on the inverse of the absolute temperature for orange honey. Based on the studied rheograms, it turned out to be a non-Newtonian fluid. The shear range used did not significantly affect the absolute viscosities of orange honey at different temperatures. The absolute viscosities of orange honey have decreased with increasing temperature and can be equipped with an Arrhenius type relationship. The rheological behavior is influenced by both humidity and its composition.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Internal Shear Strength Mechanism of Needle-Punched GCL

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4585
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jianyong Shi ◽  
Xuede Qian
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peak Strength ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Direct Shear Apparatus

Needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (NPGCL) has been widely used in landfills. The internal strength of the GCL changes with temperature variation, which affects its application in landfills. A large-scale temperature-controlled direct shear apparatus was developed to study the internal shear strength characteristics of GCL affected by temperature. The internal strength of the GCL was dependent on the bentonite, the fibers, and the interaction between the fibers and the bentonite. The influence of temperature on the internal strength of the GCL was mainly reflected in the displacement at peak strength. However, the peak strength was basically unchanged. The strength of the bentonite and the fibers-reinforced bentonite increased when the temperature increased. The tensile strength of needle-punched fibers decreased with increasing temperature. The peak strength displacement of the fibers-reinforced bentonite decreased with increasing temperature.

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