Problems Concerned with the Physical Testing of Vulcanizates

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1082-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primus Kainradl

Abstract A critical consideration shows that the test methods in current use for vulcanizates often fail to make possible a reliable decision about different rubber compounds out of a series of development formulations with respect to their evaluation for subsequent use. The tester by himself is not in a position to bring about an improvement in this unsatisfactory state of affairs, since this cannot be accomplished by the improvement of existing methods alone or by the creation of a new apparatus. A closer cooperation between the fields of testing and application is necessary.

2007 ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Searle

The author claims that an institution is any collectively accepted system of rules (procedures, practices) that enable us to create institutional facts. These rules typically have the form of X counts as Y in C, where an object, person, or state of affairs X is assigned a special status, the Y status, such that the new status enables the person or object to perform functions that it could not perform solely in virtue of its physical structure, but requires as a necessary condition the assignment of the status. The creation of an institutional fact is, thus, the collective assignment of a status function. The typical point of the creation of institutional facts by assigning status functions is to create deontic powers. So typically when we assign a status function Y to some object or person X we have created a situation in which we accept that a person S who stands in the appropriate relation to X is such that (S has power (S does A)). The whole analysis then gives us a systematic set of relationships between collective intentionality, the assignment of function, the assignment of status functions, constitutive rules, institutional facts, and deontic powers.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document