Organic Sulfides and Polysulfides. I. Desulfurization Reactions

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Minoura
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Diglycolic Acid ◽  
Organic Sulfides ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Organic Polysulfides ◽  
High Polarity

Abstract Mercury, copper, potassium cyanide and sodium sulfite were found to desulfurize organic polysulfides. In the p,p′-ditolyl and in the dibenzyl series, the di-, tri- and tetrasulfides gave disulfide by desulfurization. On the other hand, in the case of diglycolic acids, di-, tri- and tetrasulfides gave monosulfides. The sulfide, which has high polarity in its radical, is easily desulfurized. The relative ease of desulfurization is—diglycolic acid > dibenzyl > p,p′-tolyl. In the same series, the higher the sulfur content, the more unstable it seems to be. Mercury is more reactive with sulfides than is copper.

Organic Sulfides and Polysulfides. III. Reactions with Amines

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Minoura
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Thioglycolic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Organic Sulfides ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Organic Polysulfides

Abstract 1. Mono-, di-, and trimethylamine when treated with benzyl and tolyl mercaptan give disufides ; on the other hand, thioglycolic acid gives the monosulfide. 2. Aniline and diphenylamine do not react with mercaptans or organic sulfides. 3. Mono-, di- and trimethylamine react with organic polysulfides. The tri- and tetrasulfides of the tolyl and benzyl series give disulfides by desulfurization. The glycolic acud sulfides are desulfurized to monosulfide. 4. The relative desulfurization activities of mono-, di- and trimethylamine are (CH3)3N < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH. This order is the same as for the basicity of these amines. Aromatic amines, because of their weak basicity, do not react with organic polysulfides. 5. The relative ease of desulfurization is in the order glycolic acid > benzyl > tolyl. The more sulfur a polysulfide contains, the more readily it desulfurizes. The mercaptan to disulfide reaction rate is faster than desulfurization of polysulfides.

Investigation of the Thionation Reaction of Cyclic Imides

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Orzeszko ◽  
J. K. Maurin ◽  
D. Melon-Ksyta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cyclic Imides ◽  
Lawesson's Reagent ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
High Polarity

A series of monothioimides and dithioimides were synthesised using Lawesson’s reagent. It has been found that two main effects affect thionation reaction. The high polarity of carbonyl groups leads to good yields of mono- and dithioimides. On the other hand, steric hindrance in the vicinity of the carbonyl group strongly inhibits the replacement of the oxygen atom by sulfur.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

ON THE OTHER HAND

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Boring
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand
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