The Chemistry of Vulcanization. X. Accelerating Mechanism of Sulfenamide Type Accelerators

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Haruko Fukuda ◽  
Jitsuo Tsurugi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Delayed Action ◽  
Induced Decomposition ◽  
The One

Abstract The mechanism of acceleration of the commercial sulfenamide MSNR2 (NR2 denotes cyclohexylamino or morpholino and M denotes 2-benzothiazolyl) was studied by using diphenylmethane (DPM) as a model of rubber hydrocarbon. Since amine (NHR2) liberated from MSNR2 complicated the reaction, the results obtained here were compared and correlated with those using the simple sulfenamide MSNH2. The preceding paper reported that ammonia evolved from MSNH2 did not disturb the reaction. The reaction mechanism of MSNR2 in DPM both in the presence and absence of sulfur appear to be the same as those of MSNH2 respectively, though difficulties of the identification and determination of the products did not permit a clear-cut conclusion. In the DPM-sulfur-MSNR2-zinc butyrate system, MBT produced from sulfenamide via 2-benzothiazolylsulfenyl radical interacts with zinc butyrate to give zinc salt of MBT (MSZnSM). This compound, on the one hand, suffers induced decomposition by sulfur to give benzothiazolyl-sulfenyl radical again, and on the other hand, interacts with the radical ·NR2 to yield MNR2. The delayed action of MSNR2 was interpreted by induced decomposition only by ⋅Sx⋅ as compared with that of MSZnSM both by S8 and ⋅Sx⋅. The accelerating entity of the sulfenamide is the 2-benzothiazolylsulfenyl radical, which splits the S8 ring molecule, as in the case of other thiazole type accelerators. However, amine librated from the sulfenamide also is considered to accelerate the vulcanization.

scholarly journals From reflex to reflection: Moving from the space of causes to the space of reasons and back

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-693
Author(s):  
Ariel Furstenberg
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Space Of Reasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Picture

AbstractThis article proposes to narrow the gap between the space of reasons and the space of causes. By articulating the standard phenomenology of reasons and causes, we investigate the cases in which the clear-cut divide between reasons and causes starts to break down. Thus, substituting the simple picture of the relationship between the space of reasons and the space of causes with an inverted and complex one, in which reasons can have a causal-like phenomenology and causes can have a reason-like phenomenology. This is attained by focusing on “swift reasoned actions” on the one hand, and on “causal noisy brain mechanisms” on the other hand. In the final part of the article, I show how an analogous move, that of narrowing the gap between one’s normative framework and the space of reasons, can be seen as an extension of narrowing the gap between the space of causes and the space of reasons.

Early Bantu Ethnography from a Philological Point of View

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. v. Warmelo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compact Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphFew of the secrets that Africa still holds from us to-day have, I think, such an absorbing interest as the problem of Bantu in its relation to the neighbouring families and types of speech. Taking the continent of Africa as a whole, we find on the one hand the huge, yet marvellously homogeneous and compact body of the Bantu languages, clear-cut in structure, simple and transparent in phonology, and, at the back of much apparent diversity, exceptionally uniform in vocabulary. On the other hand there are in Africa numerous other languages of various type, which differ so much amongst each other that they have not yet been brought under any but the very broadest of classifications. The essential points of these are as follows.

Locative Complements of Verbs of Movement in Czech

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 87-113
Author(s):  
Marta Ungermanová
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Made In

This paper describes the syntactic properties of three types of locative complements in Czech that are compatible with verbs of movement. The distinction between these complements (each with its own interpretation) is made in the first place on the basis of several formal criteria (in particular, involving the rich Czech morphology), and, in addition, on semantic criteria. It is examined whether there exists sufficient correspondence between these criteria, and in particular, to what extent they can satisfactorily classify locative complements into essential and circumstantial ones. It is shown that there is no clear-cut distinction between these two categories of locative complements with Czech movement verbs. Furthermore, the syntactic role of the locative complements is shown to depend mainly on the verb, but also on other elements of the sentence. Finally, on the basis of several examples, it is argued that, on the one hand, the form of the complement does not predict its syntactic role and interpretation and, on the other hand, that two different forms can share the same syntactic role and interpretation.

Two Kinds of Soft Facts

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro De Florio ◽  
Aldo Frigerio
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Contingents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divine Knowledge ◽  
Soft Fact ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of soft facts is crucial for the Ockhamistic analysis of the divine knowledge of future contingents; moreover, this notion is important in itself because it concerns the structure of the facts that depend—in some sense—on other future facts. However, the debate on soft facts is often flawed by the unaware use of two different notions of soft facts. The facts of the first kind are supervenient on temporal facts: By bringing about a temporal fact, the agent can bring about these facts. However, on the one hand, the determination of the existence of these facts does not affect the past; on the other hand, assimilating divine knowledge into this kind of facts does not help the Ockhamist. The authors will argue that, to vindicate Ockhamism, another definition of “soft fact” is necessary, which turns out to be much more demanding from a metaphysical point of view.

scholarly journals The case of Dr. Piotrovich with forensic medicine subtle vision

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-468
Author(s):  
V. I. Stolts
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Public Meeting ◽  
The Press ◽  
Professional Issue ◽  
The One ◽  
Broad Generalization

The Bureau of the Gynecological Society instructed me, as an expert on the Petrovich case, to examine this case in today's public meeting. Taking into account, on the one hand, the fact that Dr. Petrovich is one of our members and that the determination of his moral guilt on a professional issue, drawn up not on the basis of subjective interpretations, which is full of the court's opinion, the opinion of the press and public opinion, but on the basis of strict and objective verification of Petrovich's actions should be of interest to the Gynecological Society, and on the other hand, having in mind the broad generalization of conclusions from this case in relation to doctors, as the prosecutor did in his speech and as the press does to this day, I I willingly took on this task and I want to share with you, gentlemen, my views on this matter and ask you to give your competent opinion on the issues that I will have the honor to pose and the resolution of which should clarify the guilt or lack thereof of Piotrovich.

Virtuous Caution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Doostdar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

This chapter shows that Shiʻi scholars approach the occult with virtuous caution. The cautious sensibility adopted by some Shiʻi jurists is rooted, on the one hand, in appreciation of the many risks of engaging with the occult. On the other hand, it is based on an understanding that the boundaries between licit and illicit modes of occult practice and the criteria by which virtuous practitioners of the occult are to be distinguished from charlatans are not clear-cut. Virtuous caution allows one to take part in the occult's murky realm and to enjoy certain benefits from it without succumbing to its perils. The chapter considers some of the dangers associated with the occult, including one that has to do with the sociality of sorcery and rumor.

scholarly journals “One of the First Matters to be Addressed but Distinct” or “Distinct but Inseparable”? The Distinction Between Maritime Entitlement and Sea Boundary Delimitation in the Philippines v. China Arbitration

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christian SCHULTHEISS
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Legal Argument ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

Abstract The distinction between disputes of sea boundary delimitation and disputes over the existence of maritime entitlements was one key element of the legal argument that the Philippines brought forward against China in the Philippines v. China Arbitration. On the one hand, the distinction between delimitation and entitlement allowed the Tribunal to establish its jurisdiction on several Philippine submissions despite the jurisdictional exclusions of China's declaration under Article 298(1)(a)(i) of the Law of the Sea Convention. On the other hand, the Tribunal's finding about the lack of China's entitlements has important consequences. China and a number of lawyers objected to the jurisdictional separability of entitlement and delimitation. The aim of this paper is to discuss the question of whether a tribunal can establish jurisdiction on the existence of maritime entitlements in a context where jurisdiction on boundary delimitation is excluded and where a determination of entitlements has consequences for boundary delimitation.

scholarly journals The consciousness of schoolchildren and giftedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Anna A. Proskurina
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Theoretical Determination ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The paper addresses the problem of theoretical determination of the presence and quality of the necessary and steady interrelation between the consciousness and the giftedness of schoolchildren. It is argued for the need of a social philosophic approach to the solution of this problem in the perspective of subjective action. The problem is tackled by means of the theoretical analysis of speech functions in the performance of subjective action by a social individual. The study reveals, on the one hand, which subjective action elements the acting individual is necessarily aware of. On the other hand, it is shown which elements of self-concept, when purposefully and artificially developed, are an obstacle for the performance of subjective action

scholarly journals PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PARAMASASTRA JAWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Maruti
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Java Language ◽  
Grammar Learning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

<p>Learning paramasastra (grammar), especially paramasastra Java, in the SBC between two poles. On the one hand, learning grammar is important to determine how the students' understanding of the Java language, on the other hand grammar learning integrable in four aspects already existing skills in the curriculum. Determination of the polemical stance in the face of an important thing to do, so that the teacher can determine the approach to be used in learning.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: approach, learning, paramasastra, the Java language</p>

scholarly journals The kinetics of the interaction of nitrous oxide and hydrogen

1924 ◽  
Vol 106 (737) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kinetic Relation ◽  
Adsorbed Gas ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Related Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Bimolecular Interaction

Of the three related reactions 2N 2 O = 2N 2 + O 2 ............ [1] 2H 2 + O 2 = 2H 2 O ..............[2] N 2 O + H 2 = N 2 + H 2 O ................[3] only the first two have hitherto been studied. The investigation of the kinetic relation of the third to the first two is the object of this paper. In the preceding paper it has been shown that the thermal decomposition of nitrous oxide into its elements is a homogeneous reaction in which practically every pair of nicrous oxide molecules react which collide under the condition that their joint energy exceeds about 58,000 cals, (for 2 gram molecules). This decomposition is uncatalysed by platinum or by rhodium. The combination of hydrogen and oxygen is, on the other hand, a reaction very dependent on catalytic influences. Bodenstein (‘Z. Physikal. Chem.,’ vol. 29, p. 665 (1899)) found that between 482° C. and about 600° C. the combination proceeds exclusively on the walls of a porcelain containing-vessel. Platinum, rhodium, and other metals have long been known to have a very pronounced catalytic action on a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Langmuir (‘Trans. Faraday Soc.,’ vol. 17, p. 621 (1922)) has studied the kinetics of the interaction of hydrogen and oxygen on the surface of a platinum wire, and finds that between 300° and 600° abs. the rate of combination is approximately proportional to the pressure of the oxygen and inversely to that of the hydrogen. There is now abundant evidence that catalytic reactions occur within a layer of adsorbed gas not more than a molecule or so deep, in immediate contact with the surface, and the interpretation of Langmuir’s results is that between 300° and 600° abs. the surface of the platinum is nearly completely covered with a layer of hydrogen and that reaction occurs when oxygen molecules enter gaps in this layer, the number of free spaces being easily shown to be inversely proportional to the pressure of the hydrogen. Turning now from the reactions [1] and [2] to the related reaction [3], the following questions present themselves, namely:— ( a ) whether nitrous oxide and hydrogen undergo a homogeneous bimolecular interaction at temperatures below that at which [1] takes place; ( b ) whether hydrogen and nitrous oxide interact catalytically on the surface of platinum. On the one hand, platinum becomes covered with a film of hydrogen which is activated for reaction [2], while on the other hand, platinum has no activating effect on nitrous oxide for reaction [1].

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