Semi-Ebonite. Part 2

1936 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-485
Author(s):  
P. A. Gibbons ◽  
F. H. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Outlet Tube ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Inlet Tube ◽  
Frequent Reference ◽  
Conical Flask

Abstract In Part 1 (Rubber Chem. and Tech., 8, 554 (1935)) frequent reference was made to the volatile products emitted during the aging of semi-ebonite under different conditions. In this section an experiment is described wherein the various products were detected and some attempt made to estimate the relative amounts of each. The experiment in its original form presented considerable difficulty, and many disappointments were experienced before a modified apparatus was finally adopted. Experimental Method.—Eight test-pieces, one from each of the accelerated cures (see Part 1), were cut to a convenient size, six inches by one inch. The test-pieces were carefully weighed and their thickness determined as the average of several readings on the micrometer. The strips were suspended from a bent glass rod projecting from a cork-bearing inlet and outlet tubes (see Fig. 5). The cork was then inserted in a clean conical flask and the latter sealed with wax until it withstood a considerable vacuum. The flask was placed in a Geer oven automatically maintained at 70° C. The outlet tube was attached to an absorption train and the inlet tube to a purifying train.

scholarly journals XIV.—Apparatus for Measuring Strain and Applying Stress, with an Account of some Experiments on the Behaviour of Iron and Steel under Stress

1905 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-293
Author(s):  
E. G. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Simple Tension ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Accuracy ◽  
Great Uniformity

The behaviour of metals under stress has long been the subject of investigation, both by mathematicians and physicists, so that the laws of strength are tolerably complete. Owing to the importance of iron and steel in construction, these materials have been subjected to very extensive tests, particularly in simple tension and compression.Numerous tests of cylindrical iron and steel bars in torsion are also available, the bulk of these being tests to destruction of samples of material used in actual machines and structures designed by engineers. In such tests scientific accuracy is not of much importance, the chief consideration being the obtaining of sufficient data for use in design. The most accurate torsional work upon iron and steel has been the work of physicists, and nearly all their investigations have been conducted upon specimens of very small sectional area; the reasons for this, no doubt, being that such specimens in the form of wires are easily obtainable, and of great uniformity in size and quality, while large test pieces are costly to prepare, and, moreover, cause considerable difficulty in testing, because of the magnitude of the forces involved. Owing to the mode of manufacture, the physical properties of wire often differ to a considerable extent from turned specimens of iron and steel. These differences may be caused by the hardening effect of the drawing, minute cracks in the wires, want of roundness, and the like. It therefore appeared probable that experiments on the lines indicated by physicists would be of some service, and it was with this idea that the investigation was commenced.

Closed Continuous Irrigation in the Treatment of Hand Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. HARRIS ◽  
J. NANCHAHAL
Keyword(s):  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Surgical Debridement ◽  
Hand Therapy ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Outlet Tube ◽  
Inlet Tube ◽  
Flexor Tenosynovitis

We report our experience with a closed continuous irrigation system in 12 patients with hand infections: six cases of flexor tenosynovitis, three cases of septic arthritis and three palmar abscesses. Four of these patients had undergone previous surgical débridement and peroperative washout without elimination of the infection. The continuous irrigation system consists of two fenestrated tubes placed within the infected space, with the tip of the smaller calibre inlet tube positioned just inside the larger outlet tube. Resolution of infection was achieved in all 12 cases and all regained complete functional recovery. The closed continuous irrigation system is easy to manage, with no leakage of fluid; hand therapy may be started early and the patient is mobile throughout.

Closed Continuous Irrigation as a Treatment for Infection in the Hand

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. NEMOTO ◽  
M. YANAGIDA ◽  
T. NEMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Severe Infection ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Outlet Tube ◽  
Amputation Stump ◽  
Inlet Tube ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Antibiotic Solution ◽  
Pyogenic Arthritis ◽  
Tuberculous Tenosynovitis

A method of closed irrigation has been devised to treat infections in the hand. After adequate débridement, two tubes are placed in the infected area, an inlet tube and an outlet tube. For a small infection, one tube serves both purposes. The wound is closed completely. Irrigation with saline and antibiotic solution is continued for 1 week, extended up to 3 weeks in cases of severe infection. This method has been applied in 31 cases including pyogenic tenosynovitis, tuberculous tenosynovitis, pyogenic arthritis, osteomyelitis, bite injury, crush injury and amputation stump infection. Infection healed primarily in 29 cases. Further surgery was needed in two cases which healed finally.

scholarly journals VII. Experimental determination of Poisson’s ratio

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Dark Glass

The experiments with which this paper deals were carried out between the years 1883 and 1886 by Professor Kennedy and the author, with an instrument which the latter had originally designed for measuring local strains in metal structures, but which proved itself to be so exceedingly sensitive that it seemed capable of being applied to the measuring of the cross contraction of test pieces while these were subjected to a longitudinal pull, thus providing the means for measuring Poisson’s ratio direct. In its original form the instrument consisted of two small frames, which were secured to each other by means of two flat springs, in such a manner, that any relative motion was a perfectly parallel one. One of these frames carried a small piece of dark glass, and close to it, but on the other frame, a right-angled reflecting glass prism was secured.

Iterative Development of a Home Review Program to Promote Preschoolers' Vocabulary Skills: Social Validity and Learning Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xigrid Soto ◽  
Yagmur Seven ◽  
Meaghan McKenna ◽  
Keri Madsen ◽  
Lindsey Peters-Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Social Validity ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Home Program ◽  
Iterative Development ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
Validity Measures ◽  
At Home

Purpose This article describes the iterative development of a home review program designed to augment vocabulary instruction for young children (ages 4 and 5 years) occurring at school through the use of a home review component. Method A pilot study followed by two experiments used adapted alternating treatment designs to compare the learning of academic words taught at school to words taught at school and reviewed at home. At school, children in small groups were taught academic words embedded in prerecorded storybooks for 6 weeks. Children were given materials such as stickers with review prompts (e.g., “Tell me what brave means”) to take home for half the words. Across iterations of the home intervention, the home review component was enhanced by promoting parent engagement and buy-in through in-person training, video modeling, and daily text message reminders. Visual analyses of single-subject graphs, multilevel modeling, and social validity measures were used to evaluate the additive effects and feasibility of the home review component. Results Social validity results informed each iteration of the home program. The effects of the home program across sites were mixed, with only one site showing consistently strong effects. Superior learning was evident in the school + home review condition for families that reviewed words frequently at home. Although the home review program was effective in improving the vocabulary skills of many children, some families had considerable difficulty practicing vocabulary words. Conclusion These studies highlight the importance of using social validity measures to inform iterative development of home interventions that promote feasible strategies for enhancing the home language environment. Further research is needed to identify strategies that stimulate facilitators and overcome barriers to implementation, especially in high-stress homes, to enrich the home language environments of more families.

Experimental Method in Antiquity.

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-419
Author(s):  
Frank P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method

Monitoring bedload sediment transport in a pre-Alpine river: an experimental method

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Papini ◽  
Vladislav Ivov Ivanov ◽  
Davide Brambilla ◽  
Diego Arosio ◽  
Laura Longoni
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Alpine River ◽  
Bedload Sediment

“I stay at work for you, you stay at home for us.” Does this Covid-19 campaign work for the youth in Asia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Jappy Fanggidae ◽  
Ridolof Batilmurik ◽  
Pieter Samadara
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

This study investigated the relationship between guilt appeal and compliance with social distancing measures. We proposed that the relationship is double mediated by empathy and responsibility for the unfortunate people who have suffered from COVID-19. This research is novel to an extent as an experimental method is used in the Asian context. The results exhibited that guilt positively affected compliance with social distancing measures. The respondents were directly or indirectly compliant due to the emotions of empathy and responsibility. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study were presented.

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