Experiments on the Determination of the Activity of Carbon Black by Its Power of Adsorbing Carbon Tetrachloride Vapor

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
T. Patryn
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Abstract On the basis that a material like carbon black must, because of its very high ratio of surface area to volume, possess very high adsorptive capacity, several investigators have attempted to establish the relationship between the adsorptive capacity of carbon black and its activity in rubber. Spear and Moore used aqueous solutions of malachite green, Victoria blue and hexamethylenetetramine; Beaver and Keller used iodine in aqueous potassium iodide; Goodwin and Park used iodine in carbon tetrachloride and also an aqueous solution of methylene blue; Carson and Sebrell used iodine, benzoic acid, mercaptobenzothiazole and diphenylguanidine. All these workers tested various types of carbon black. If one examines critically the data of these several investigators from the point of view of the relation between the adsorptive capacity of a carbon black and its activity in rubber, it will be evident that the investigations do not lead to any reliable method whereby the behavior of carbon black in rubber can be judged by its adsorptive capacity.

Carbon Black. I—A Study of Its Volatile Constituents

1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The rates of evolution of gas from carbon black with variation of time, temperature, and pressure have been determined. Complete analyses have been made of five types of carbon black, which involve an organic combustion of the original sample, an organic combustion of the sample after the gases have been removed, a determination of the loss in weight represented by the gases removed, analyses of the gases removed, and finally a complete accounting, or balance, of the carbon in the steps considered. In an attempt to supply some missing information not revealed by the foregoing, some special gas analyses under varying conditions were made. The relationship between the amount and composition of volatile matter evolved from carbon blacks and the properties imparted to vulcanized rubber when compounded with these blacks has been studied.

Rapid Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Powdered Milk

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-954
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Serralheiro ◽  
Maria Lurdes Quinta
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A method has been developed for the detection of aflatoxin Mi in milk. The toxin is extracted with chloroform, the extract is evaporated, and the residue is partitioned between carbon tetrachloride and an aqueous saline-methanol solution. The toxin is once again extracted with chloroform from the methanol solution and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The limit of detection of Mi in powdered milk is 0.5 μg/ kg; recoveries of added Mj are about 83%. The limit of detection can be improved to 0.3 μg/kg if the plate is sprayed with an aqueous solution of H2S04 after development.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Technology Acceptance and Usage Situations and the Evaluation of Web Pedagogic Content Knowledge in Terms of Different Variations and the Determination of the Relationship between These

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Agah Tugrul KORUCU
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Content Knowledge ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of this study is to analyze the situations of teachers’ technology acceptance and usage (TAU) and web pedagogy content knowledge (WPACK) in terms of different variations and to determine of the relationship between these two. The study group of this research consists of 96 teachers in total having different variations such as different branches, different professional seniorities, different ages and different educational levels they work in. Data collection tools comprising of 3 open-ended questions which are developed and structured by researchers and two different scales measuring technology acceptance and usage and web pedagogical content knowledge are utilized in this study. The scales and structured forms are applied through random sampling with screening model. In the results of the research, teachers’ technology acceptance and usage situations, web pedagogical content knowledge situations and their sexes and web 2.0 technologies usage situations don’t differ in terms of the dimensions and the entirety of the scales. The following are established according to the results; there are differences among teachers’ TAU situations, there aren’t any differences among their WPACK in terms of their branches; there aren’t any differences among their TAU situations and there are differences among their WPACK situations in terms of their ages; TAU and WPACK situations are not reasonable statistically in terms of their professional seniorities and educational levels they work in. Furthermore, it is also determined that web applications usage durations are not reasonable in terms of their TAU situations but they are reasonable in terms of WPACK. The answers which teachers provided towards open-ended questions are established to be categorized as education, technology, interaction, visuality, source and development. Additionally, it is settled that there is a low correlation between TAU and WPACK situations but it is possible to form a model between them. From the point of view of the findings of this study, it is suggested that knowledge and information regarding technology integration is provided experimentally to teachers in in-service seminars.

Method for Fully Automated Determination of Total Cholesterol in Blood Serum, Including Saponification and Extraction

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 960-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
J van der Honing ◽  
C C Saarloos ◽  
J Stip
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
New Method ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cholesterol Determination ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract A fully automated method has been developed for the determination of total cholesterol in blood serum, using the AutoAnalyzer system. According to the new method, based on the cholesterol determination of Abell et al. (1), the serum sample is saponified and subsequently extracted with carbon tetrachloride. After treatment with Liebermann-Burchard reagent, the amount of cholesterol is determined at 630 nm. The method can be used for free and esterified cholesterol because saponification is carried out. The relationship between the new method and that of Abell et al. is linear. The correlation coefficient is 0.98 and the standard error 1.5%. According to the new method, 30 samples can be analyzed per hour.

Carbon tetrachloride poisoning in sheep: Effect upon the serum E260 value and plasma volume

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
No Value ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Ccl4 Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Very High

Serum E260 values were determined at intervals in sheep which were given 50 ml carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by stomach tube into the rumen, and in untreated sheep. After administration of the drug, the mean E260 value fell initially, being minimal at 3 hr. At this time, the circulating plasma volume had increased by one-fifth, and it is considered that this dilution factor largely explained the fall. The group mean for non-fatal cases rose above the pre-administration level at 7 hr, then returned to it by 24 hr. However, in the one sheep that died from CCl4 poisoning, the serum E260 value remained very high until death at 46 hr. In view of the significant variations in serum E260 values between untreated sheep, and the significant random variations in serum E260 values between times of bleeding such sheep, it is concluded that the determination of serum E260 values at isolated times in individual sheep is of no value as a diagnostic criterion of CCl4 poisoning.

scholarly journals Porosity of Knitted Fabrics in the Aspect of Air Permeability - Discussion of Selected Assumptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Havlová ◽  
Jana Špánková
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Yarn Hairiness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Single Jersey

The main focus of this paper is to look into the relationship between the structure and air permeability of single jersey knitted fabric – especially verifying some basic assumptions. First, if it is possible to neglect the permeability of yarns themselves when we evaluate that of knits, and second, if yarn hairiness plays a significant role when we evaluate the relationship between air permeability and the porosity of knits. Theoretical calculations and experiments which were performed using an analysis of microscopic images of the structure of textile materials are used for the determination of inter-yarn and intra-yarn porosity. The paper aims to show t hat the characteristic dimension of inter-yarn pores is significantly higher than that of intra-yarn pores, and also that the values of inter-yarn porosity measured using image analysis methods with hairiness and after the removal of hairiness are statistically significantly different. The correlation coefficients for the porosity values measured and calculated are very high.

scholarly journals Syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier in New Testament Greek

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé ◽  
Jacobus A. Naudé
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Universal Quantification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In linguistic terms, a quantifier is an item that appears with a noun to specify the number or amount of referents indicated by the noun. In English, various kinds of quantification are lexically differentiated—universal quantification (all), distributive quantification (each), and universal-distributive (every). In Greek, however, quantification is conveyed syntactically using primarily one lexical item, namely πᾶς. In this article, we examine the syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier from a linguistic point of view with attention to the determination of the noun (articular versus anarthrous), the number of the noun (singular versus plural) and the phrasal word order. We also examine the phenomenon of ‘floating’ quantification in which the quantifier moves to a new position in the noun phrase. Finally, we compare the patterns found in New Testament Greek with those of the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible in order to determine the extent and type of Semitic interference with respect to quantification in New Testament Greek grammar.Contribution: The syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier are identified and the semantic import of each pattern is described. The relationship of πᾶς to the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible shows evidence of Semitic interference in New Testament Greek grammar.

scholarly journals Performance of an automated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay in prepandemic cohorts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Riester ◽  
Beda Krieter ◽  
Peter Findeisen ◽  
Michael Laimighofer ◽  
Kathrin Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Roche Diagnostics ◽  
Very High ◽  
Potential Tool

Background: The Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics) was developed to provide an accurate and reliable method for the detection of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated the specificity of the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay in prepandemic sample cohorts across five sites in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Methods: Specificity of the immunoassay was evaluated using anonymised, frozen, residual serum and/or plasma samples from blood donors or routine diagnostic testing. All samples were collected before September 2019 and therefore presumed negative for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Cohorts included samples from blood donors, pregnant women and paediatric patients. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Overall specificities for the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay in 9575 samples from blood donors (n = 6714) and diagnostic specimens (n = 2861) were 99.82% (95% CI 99.69-99.91) and 99.93% (95% CI 99.75-99.99), respectively. Among 2256 samples from pregnant women, specificity was 99.91% (95% CI 99.68-99.99). Among 205 paediatric samples, specificity was 100% (95% CI 98.22-100). Conclusion: The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay demonstrated a very high specificity across blood donor samples and diagnostic specimens from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Our findings support the use of the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay as a potential tool for determination of an immune response following previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the general population, including in blood donors, pregnant women and paediatric populations.

Use of χ As a Function of Volume Fraction of Rubber to Determine Crosslink Density by Swelling

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Hergenrother ◽  
Ashley S. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Good Measure ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A technique is described allowing a relatively simple determination of χ as a function of vr from swelling in heptane. A good measure of the true νe of the cured elastomer at all values of vr was demonstrated by substituting this relationship for χ in the Flory-Rehner (F-R) equation. The relationship was established over a wide range of vr values by using samples that had the νe of the cured elastomer determined by tensile retraction (TR). Applying this function to samples treated using the thiol probe method of Campbell gave an improved measure of the types of crosslinks present in sulfur-cured stocks. An identical equation describing χ as a function of vr in heptane was obtained with NR, EPDM and SBR containing up to a 0.31 volume fraction of carbon black (CB) and other fillers. The presence of up to 10 % of clay, talc, silica, resins or metal oxides in the CB had no noticeable effect on the relationship measured. However, when the filler contained about 50% silica a distinctly different slope in the relationship was found. The percent S1, S2 and Sx distribution measured was contrasted between measurements made by 13C NMR, swelling with χ = constant or χ as a function of vr.

scholarly journals A Multi-Attribute Assisted Performance Deduction and Related Value in Triple Helix Innovation Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 751-760
Author(s):  
Honxing Yao ◽  
Henry Asante Antwi ◽  
Evans Takyi Ankomah-Asare
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
The Relationship

Typically, Triple Helix relations, between, Higher Education Institutions, Governments and Industry(s) are inferred from patents and research output. Systemic determination of the relationship is because of observations over a period. It is, however, possible to analyze this relation from a system present from the word-go. This then allows for the interaction to be analyzed on the basis of performance and logically gains for participation by all the agents. Several models have been proposed to deduce the Triple Helix Relation and these hold. This paper has however introduced a new dimension to the analysis, by viewing participation from an investor point of view with decision making being of a complex and deductive nature based on the performance of higher education systems or institutions. The TOPSIS supported performance deductions helps synthesis decision solutions that facilitates value determination of performance and its resultant impact on investment gains. Possible future implications for this, are also provided

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