Experiences with a Direct Accelerator-Adsorption Test

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-441
Author(s):  
F. H. Amon ◽  
R. K. Estelow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Separate Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Or History

Abstract A method for determining the accelerator adsorption properties of carbon blacks is described. This method is novel in that an extremely dilute solution of diphenylguanidine in benzene is employed. Application of the test to a large number of carbon blacks has revealed its practical value as a measure of those variations in adsorption properties which are of teal significance to the rubber manufacturer. The method has been employed in several separate control laboratories and it has been found to be of distinct value in indicating quality of production. Since the results can be interpreted without knowledge of source or history of the particular carbon black being tested, the test can be employed for control purposes by the rubber manufacturer as well as by the carbon black manufacturer.

scholarly journals Studies of adsorption of polychlorocarbons on carbon blacks by gas chromatography

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Zagorevskaya ◽  
N. V. Ishchenko ◽  
A. V. Kiselev ◽  
N. V. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Heats Of Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Retention Volumes ◽  
High Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Airborne Chemicals

Adsorption properties of carbon black before and after modification to polyhalogenohydrocarbons, including polyorganochlorine pesticides, have been investigated. It has been shown that graphitised thermal carbon blacks and carbochroms possess high adsorption capacity relative to the above compounds and can be used as supporting adsorbents to analyse these airborne chemicals. Modification raises the selectivity of adsorbents to the compounds being investigated and lowers retention volumes and heats of adsorption, which makes it possible to carry out thermal desorption of the accumulated species at lower temperatures.

Abstract 5892: Therapy For Device-determined Ventricular Arrhythmias Decrease As Biventricular Pacing Percentage Increases In Heart Failure Patients

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A Koplan ◽  
Andrew J Kaplan ◽  
Paul W Jones ◽  
Milan Seth ◽  
Shelly A Christman
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Biventricular Pacing ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Mode Switch ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Baseline Covariates ◽  
Or History

Introduction: CRT-D improves cardiac function and quality of life, and decreases HF hospitalization and death for many patients. However, impact on therapy delivered for ventricular arrhythmias is less clear. Methods: Device-determined VT and VF episodes with therapy (n = 1835) from CRT-D patients in two trials (CRT RENEWAL & REFLEX; n = 1698) were analyzed in a post hoc fashion. Patients were divided into lifetime biventricular (BiV) pacing percentage quartiles. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used to evaluate impact of pacing on VT/VF incidence and frequency, adjusting for baseline covariates including lifetime ATR mode switch percentage. Results: Patient characteristics: 69 ± 11 years, 73% male, 68% CAD. Dividing patients in quartiles resulted in the following pacing breakdown: 0–92% (n = 445), 93–97% (n = 445), 98–99% (n = 482), and 100% (n = 326). There were no differences in gender, NYHA, or history of diabetes, MI, CAD or hypertension among the groups. Patients paced 0–92% and 93–97% had similar VT/VF therapy incidence (24.72% vs. 24.27%) and frequency (17.05% vs. 16.00%). Patients paced 98–99% had lower VT/VF therapy incidence (15.15%) than patients paced ≤ 97% (p < 0.001) but similar frequency after adjusting for incidence. Patients paced 100% had similar VT/VF therapy incidence (13.80%) and frequency (6.45%) to patients paced 98–99%. The figure shows the time to first therapy for VT/VF. Conclusions: For CRT-D patients in this analysis, incidence and frequency of therapy delivered for VT/VF is significantly decreased when lifetime BiV pacing percentage is above 97%.

A Method for Evaluation of Carbon Blacks and Correlation with Road Wear Ratings

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Cotten ◽  
E. M. Dannenberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Normal Production

Abstract Prediction of tread wear from laboratory tests can be a valuable guide in the development of improved carbon blacks and controlling the quality of normal production. We have developed two tests which give good correlation with actual road wear data on over 100 experimental blacks. One test involves running Akron angle abrasion on a compound with only 30 phr of carbon black where differences in abrasion resistance are magnified. The other test measures surface activity towards the polymer by determining bound rubber content of a heat-treated nonproductive mix. By using both tests together, tread wear ratings of blacks used in this study could be predicted almost as well as by a single, controlled, multisectional road test with five tires run for 8000–10,000 miles.

Processing Ease and Rubber—Carbon-Black Interaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nakajima ◽  
R. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Particle Size And Structure ◽  
Size And Structure

Abstract Two samples of poly(ethyl acrylate) rubber, different in their mill processability and their manner of accepting carbon black were examined. This is a case history of how we differentiated Theological behavior of gum elastomers and how we characterized the rubber—carbon-black interaction in the compound. For the former objective, the dynamic mechanical properties were measured over the temperature range of interest. This information was used to interpret the difference in mill processability. For the latter objective, several carbon blacks in different particle size and structure were compounded with these samples. The effect of the different carbon blacks on these elastomers was examined with tensile stress-strain measurements. At least a part of the differences in behavior could be interpreted as the differences in the interaction between rubber and carbon black.

Modification of Carbon Black with Ionizing Radiations

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-797
Author(s):  
N. N. Lezhnev ◽  
T. S. Nikitina ◽  
A. S. Kuzminskiĭ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Ionizing Irradiation ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

Abstract It is well-known that the reinforcing properties of carbon blacks used as active fillers for rubber depend to a considerable extent upon the adsorption properties of the surface of the carbon black particles. The presence on this surface of atoms and groups of polar or apolar character chemically bound with it, the surface relief and the presence of atoms with unsatisfied valencies in the hydrocarbon framework of the elementary crystallites determine the specific adsorption properties of carbon black of various types. In the present investigation we demonstrate the possibility of modifying the surface of the carbon blacks by the action of ionizing irradiation and by the radiochemical “sewing-up” of various compounds on their surface. Such modified carbon blacks have a considerable influence upon the physico-chemical properties of the resulting vulcanizates, which may make is possible to create new materials. The investigation was devoted to: (1) Ukhta thermal black—a typical representative of the soft semireinforcing blacks (practically not oxidized) ; (2) channel black from the same works—a hard active black, having a markedly oxidized surface, capable of irreversible interaction with the surface of the rubber and with the compounding ingredients.

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

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