The Reënforcement of Rubber

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
G. Antonoff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Present State ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Drying Oils ◽  
The Subject

Abstract It is a well-known fact that, when mixed in rubber, certain powders reënforce the latter to a considerable extent, whereas others have no effect or only a relatively slight one. Since the nature of the phenomena which take place under these conditions in rubber is far from well established in the present state of knowledge, I have carried out certain experiments of a very simple kind which will by analogy throw some light on the subject. I have found that very important information can be obtained from the study of some physical properties of mixtures of different powders in organic liquids. For a beginning, ordinary paints were tested, but the presence of drying oils complicated matters and it was found advantageous to replace the linseed oil with a non-oxidizing oil, as for example, peanut oil. In this way, pastes of different concentrations were prepared, and the resistance to rupture of the films of these pastes was measured by a method often used to determine the surface tension of liquids. A convenient method of operation is as follows: two thin rods are wet with the paste and are made to adhere to one another. The upper rod A is fastened permanently in a way not shown in Fig. 1. From rod B hangs a pan for small weights which, added in convenient quantity, will finally bring about rupture of the film and separation of the two rods.

scholarly journals IX. The electric conductivity of nitric acid

1898 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 365-398 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Deep Green

Of the commoner mineral acids the chemical changes of Nitric Acid, from their evident complexity, have formed the subject of numerous memoirs, while those of sulphuric acid, from their assumed simplicity, have been to some degree neglected; on the other hand, the physical properties of the latter have been studied with considerable elaboration, while those of the former have been passed over, doubtless on account of the corrosive nature of the acid and the difficulty of preparing and preserving it in a reasonable degree of purity. Further, with certain exceptions, the alterations in physical properties induced by the products of reduction, be they nitrogen peroxide or nitrous acid, either singly or conjointly, have attracted but little attention, though it is a common matter of observation that the current intensity of a Grove’s or other cell containing nitric acid remains constant, even though the fuming acid, originally colourless or red, has become of a deep green tint. It is more than probable that of the factors of Ohm’s law, both the E. M. F. and internal resistance are continually varying. At the earliest stages of the enquiry it was found that the passage of a few bubbles of nitric oxide gas into a considerable volume of nitric acid produced an alteration of one percent, in the resistance, and the same result could be effected to a less degree by exposure to sunlight, and to a still less degree by exposure to artificial illumination. Therefore, we determined to investigate the alterations of conductivity produced by changes of concentration and temperature in samples of acid purified with necessary precautions, more especially as former workers upon the subject have either used samples of acid confessedly impure, or have been silent as to any method of purification, or have adopted no special care in dealing with a substance so susceptible of polarisation.

History of Mathematics in the Islamic World: The Present State of the Art

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Islamic Mathematics

In Recent Years, many discoveries in the history of Islamic mathematics have not been reported outside the specialist literature, even though they raise issues of interest to a larger audience. Thus, our aim in writing this survey is to provide to scholars of Islamic culture an account of the major themes and discoveries of the last decade of research on the history of mathematics in the Islamic world. However, the subject of mathematics comprised much more than what a modern mathematician might think of as belonging to mathematics, so our survey is an overview of what may best be called the “mathematical sciences” in Islam; that is, in addition to such topics as arithmetic, algebra, and geometry we will also be interested in mechanics, optics, and mathematical instruments.

Surface Tension Estimation of Binary System of Several Organic Liquids

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476
Author(s):  
A. A. Saleh ◽  
H. A. A. Algane ◽  
E. T. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Organic Liquids

Linseed Oil Paint as Ionomer: Synthesis and Characterization

2004 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Tumosa ◽  
David Erhardt ◽  
Marion F. Mecklenburg ◽  
Xingfang Su
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Produce Acid

ABSTRACTAs linseed oil ages, hydrolysis and oxidation produce acid groups on the polymer chain that may lead to ionomeric behavior. The effect of these changes is difficult to determine in old paints because of the lack of records of environmental and treatment histories that can alter the physical properties significantly. A series of paints were made that have chemical properties similar to those of aged paints and that mimic old paints. Their properties seem to show flexibility as well as coherency but low strength and a high susceptibility to solvents.

The Consumers Union Report on Family Planning

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
KENNETH J. RYAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Source Book ◽  
Union Report ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lay Reader

This short publication covers the subject of family planning with regard to both the use of contraceptive methods for preventing pregnancy and the infertility evaluation for those who cannot conceive. A short introductory chapter is devoted to a discussion of the physiology of ovulation and fertilization. The material is well organized and reasonably comprehensive for the lay reader. In addition, it is a fair and accurate summary of our present state of knowledge. The book has a pleasing format and is executed with taste. While this material is suitable for the educated layman, there is, as yet, no completely satisfactory source book for the physician.

Studies on the Development of Benzoyl Peroxide Catalysed Rapid Oil Tanning using Linseed Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindia Sahu ◽  
Jaya Prakash Alla ◽  
Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Remarkable Reduction ◽  
Better Than

Leather tanning is a stabilisation process of skin fibers. This is achieved by the interaction of collagen amino acids with tanning agents to stabilise skin from putrefaction. Tanning of collagen with oil is a special class of tanning known as chamois tanning. Chemically, the oil tanning involves oxidation of unsaturation present in the oil, which is generally achieved by exposing oil treated skins to air. In this study, Benzoyl peroxide has been used as an accelerating agent for oxidation of unsaturated bonds present in the linseed oil for oil tanning process. Results shows remarkable reduction in tanning duration from fifteen days to two days. The chamois leathers prepared using oxidation accelerant (Benzoyl peroxide) have been evaluated for physical properties such as water absorption (611%), tensile strength (18 N/mm2) and percentage of elongation (66 %) which are found to be better than control leathers.

Numerical Simulation of Droplet Ejection Based on VOF Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yong Suo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vof Method ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Droplet Ejection ◽  
Ejection Process ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Jet Nozzle

Taking ejection process of the ink droplets from ink-jet nozzle as the prototype, a similar numerical model of droplet ejection was established. The VOF method was applied to track the interface of droplet ejection process and it is shown that the numerical results simulated by the VOF method were accurate and reliable. Six kinds of liquid with different physical properties were chosen as the research object. The numerical results were analyzed and compared. Finally, the effect of the surface tension, viscosity and density on the droplet ejection process was discussed.

XIV. Researches into the molecular constitution of the organic bases

1851 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 357-398 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Molecular Constitution

About twelve months ago I had the honour of presenting to the Royal Society an account of a series of researches into the molecular constitution of the volatile organic bases: at present I beg to submit to the consideration of the Society the history of a new group of alkaloids, which, although intimately connected with the former by their origin, differ from them altogether by their properties, and especially in not being volatile . The members of this new group of alkaloids are so numerous, their deportment is so singular, and their derivatives ramify in so many directions, that I have not as yet been able to complete the study of these substances in all their bearings; nor is it my intention to go fully into the chemistry of the subject in the present com­munication, my object being merely to establish the existence of these bodies, and to give a general outline of their connection with the volatile bases, and of their most prominent chemical and physical properties, reserving a detailed description of their salts and derivatives to a future memoir.

scholarly journals XXIV. On the Topography of Ancient Babylon: suggested by the recent Observations and Discoveries of Claudius James Rich, Esq. By Major Rennell

Archaeologia ◽  
1817 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 243-262
Author(s):  
Rennell
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Subject

The very interesting Memoir of Mr. Claudius Rich, on the Remains of Ancient Babylon, having a tendency, as well from the facts set forth, in it, concerning the present State of the Site of that City, as from his Reasonings on them, to occasion doubts respecting the established opinions that have been entertained, on the authority of the Ancient Historians; it appeared to be almost a required duty from myself to the Publick, as having already written on the subject, to vindicate the consistency and truth of Ancient History; (as well as that of my own Statement, which was conformable to it:) for if all the Remains of Ancient Babylon, are found on one and the same side of the Euphrates, as Mr. Rich reports them to be; either that River must have altered its course, in that particular place, or the Statements of the Ancients must be wrong.

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