Simple Theory of Stress Strain Properties of Filled Polymers

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Filled Polymers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perfect Adhesion ◽  
Approximate Equations

Abstract By the use of simple models of filled plastics, approximate equations are derived for elongation to break in the case of perfect adhesion between the phases and for the tensile strength in the case of no adhesion between the polymer and filler phases. By combining these equations with equations for the modulus (assuming Hookean behavior) all the stress strain properties can be derived, including rough estimates of the impact strength, as a function of filler concentration. The theory predicts a very rapid decrease in elongation to break as filler concentration increases, especially with good adhesion; it is also predicted that the tensile strength of a filled polymer can be greater than that of an unfilled polymer.

Effect of Wood Filler Concentration on Physical and Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
G.A. Sabirova ◽  
R.R. Safin ◽  
N.R. Galyavetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
High Concentration

This paper presents the findings of experimental studies of the physical and mechanical properties of wood-filled composites based on polylactide (PLA) and vegetable filler in the form of wood flour (WF) thermally modified at 200-240 °C. It also reveals the dependence of the tensile strength, impact strength, bending elastic modulus, and density of composites on the amount of wood filler and the temperature of its thermal pre-modification. We established that an increase in the concentration of the introduced filler and the degree of its heat treatment results in a decrease of the tensile strength, impact strength and density of composite materials, while with a lower binder content, thermal modification at 200 °C has a positive effect on bending elastic modulus. We also found that 40 % content of a wood filler heated to 200 °C is sufficient to maintain relatively high physical and mechanical properties of composite materials. With a higher content of a wood filler, the cost can be reduced but the quality of products made of this material may significantly deteriorate. However, depending on the application and the life cycle of this product, it is possible to develop a formulation that includes a high concentration of filler.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEKUATAN TARIK DAN IMPAK MATERIAL KOMPOSIT POLIMER DALAM APLIKASI FIBERBOAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Rezza Ruzuqi ◽  
Victor Danny Waas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
The Impact

Composite material is a material that has a multi-phase system composed of reinforcing materials and matrix materials. Causes the composite materials to have advantages in various ways such as low density, high mechanical properties, performance comparable to metal, corrosion resistance, and easy to fabricate. In the marine and fisheries industry, composite materials made from fiber reinforcement, especially fiberglass, have proven to be very special and popular in boat construction because they have the advantage of being chemically inert (both applied in general and marine environments), light, strong, easy to print, and price competitiveness. Thus in this study, tensile and impact methods were used to determine the mechanical properties of fiberglass polymer composite materials. Each test is carried out on variations in the amount of fiberglass laminate CSM 300, CSM 450 and WR 600 and variations in weight percentage 99.5% -0.5%, 99% -1%, 98.5% -1, 5%, 98% -2% and 97.5%-2.5% have been used. The results showed that the greater the number of laminates, the greater the impact strength, which was 413,712 MPa, and the more the percentage of hardener, the greater the impact strength, which was 416,487 MPa. The results showed that the more laminate the tensile strength increased, which was 87.054 MPa, and the more the percentage of hardener, the lower the tensile strength, which was 73.921 MPa.

New Emerging Al7075 Based Hybrid Nanocomposite for Automotive Applications: A Sustainability Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Sweety Mahanta ◽  
M. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sutanu Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Stir Casting ◽  
The Impact

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) have emerged as the substitute for the monolithic (unreinforced) materials over the past few decades. The applications of AMCs are common in automotive, aerospace, defence and biomedical sectors due to its lower weight, high strength, high resistance against corrosion and high thermal and electrical conductivity. In this work, it is aimed fabricate a new class Al 7075 based hybrid composites reinforcing with nanoparticulates suitable for automotive application. Al7075 reinforced with fixed quantity of boron carbide (B4C) (1.5 wt.%) and varying wt % of flyash (0.5 wt.%, 1.0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%) is fabricated using ultrasonic-assisted stir casting technique. Physical and mechanical characterization such as density, porosity, micro hardness, tensile strength and impact strength were estimated for three different compositions. The tensile strength and percentage increase in hardness value of the nanocomposite Al7075-B4C (1.5 wt. %)-flyash (0.5 wt. %): HNC3 found maximum as 294 MPa and 32.93%. In comparison with Al7075 alloy the impact strength of HNC3 shows the highest percentage of 9.31% respectively.

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Aerogels / Phenolic Resin for Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1725-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jen Chen ◽  
Ming Yuan Shen ◽  
Yi Luen Li ◽  
Chin Lung Chiang ◽  
Ming Chuen Yip
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Surface Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Aerogels ◽  
Polymer Resin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Humidity Environment

This study used carbon aerogels (CA) and phenolic resin in fixed proportations to produce nano high polymer resin, and used poly ehtylene oxide (PEO) as the modifying agent for phenolic resin to improve the mechanical properties of phenolic resin and promote the surface conductivity. The prepared nano high polymer resin and carbon cloth were made into nano-prepreg by using ultrasonic impregnation method, and a nano-prepreg composite material was prepared by using hot compacting and cut to test pieces to measure its mechanical properties and surface conductivity as well as the influence of temperature-humidity environment (85°C/168hr and 85°C/85%RH/168hr) on mechanical properties. The result showed that the surface conductivity increased by 64.55%, the tensile strength at room temperature increased by 35.7%, the flexural strength increased by 18.4%, and the impact strength increased by 101%. In hot environment (85°C/168hr), the tensile strength decreased by 23.8%, the flexural strength increased by 3.1%, and the impact strength increased by 84.6%. In high temperature-high humidity environment (85°C/85% RH/168hr), the tensile strength decreased by 29.6%, the flexural strength decreased by 17%, and the impact strength increased by 95.7%.Introduction

Comparison of Mechanical and Frictional Properties of PTFE Matrix Composites Reinforced by Different Fibers and Graphite

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Hong Xing Xu ◽  
Xin Hua Yuan ◽  
En Bo Zhu ◽  
Shuang Lian Li ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
The Impact

The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix composites which filled with polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber, poly-p-phenelenferephthalamide (PPTA) fibre or glass fiber (GF)) and graphite at various mass fractions were prepared by the processes of mechanical blending, compression molding and sintering. The mechanical properties of the composites, such as tensile strength, impact strength and hardness were investigated. The results show that tensile strength and elongation at break markedly decrease but elasticity increases by filling with fibers. Impact strength decreases by filling with PPS and GF, and the composite displays brittle characteristic. However, the impact strength rapidly increases by filling with PPTA fiber. Hardness increases with the fibers content increases, and decreases with graphite content increases. Filling graphite into PTFE has light effect on the impact and tensile strength of composites. The tribological properties of the composites were investigated on M-2000 wear tester at dry friction condition. The wear mechanism was also discussed and the wear surfaces were examined by SEM. The result indicates that fibers which diffused in PTFE matrix wind with PTFE molecule chain, and then form grid structure. The load-bearing capacity of composites can be obviously enhanced and the trend of block fragmentations slide is inhibited, so that the tribological properties are improved markedly.

scholarly journals Cellulose Fiber-Reinforced PLA versus PP

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Graupner ◽  
Jörg Müssig
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Lyocell Fibers ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics ◽  
The Impact

The present study focuses on a comparison between different cellulose fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. Composites were produced with 30 mass-% lyocell fibers and a PLA or PP matrix with either an injection (IM) or compression molding (CM) process. Significant reinforcement effects were achieved for tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and Shore D hardness by using lyocell as reinforcing fiber. These values are significantly higher for PLA and its composites compared to PP and PP-based composites. Investigations of the fiber/matrix adhesion show a better bonding for lyocell in PLA compared to PP, resulting in a more effective load transfer from the matrix to the fiber. However, PLA is brittle while PP shows a ductile stress-strain behavior. The impact strength of PLA was drastically improved by adding lyocell while the impact strength of PP decreased. CM and IM composites do not show significant differences in fiber orientation. Despite a better compaction of IM composites, higher tensile strength values were achieved for CM samples due to a higher fiber length.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties for Elephant Dung and its Utilization as a Raw Material Composites Sheet: A Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Ramratan . ◽  
Anupam Kumar ◽  
Rajinder Singh Smagh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elephant Dung

Elephant dung is an excellent source of cellulosic fiber that is a basic requirement for paper making. But they contributed to very small percentage production of elephant dung. So, researchers are trying to find a new area of utilization of elephant dung fiber pulp as in reinforcement’s polymer composite. In this experiment element dung fiber pulp in the natural fiber component chemically treated with alkaline and soda AQ solution in this study, it has been aimed to use elephant dung fiber pulp in composite material and to study mechanical properties of the produced material. The produced composite samples were then characterized using tensile test, Izod impact test, thickness test. The fracture surface of the polymer composite sample was also inspected with the help of SEM. The content of elephant dung fiber pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. The entire sample has been tested in a universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength. It is observed that composite with 35% fiber pulp is having the highest tensile strength of 4mm 6.445 Mpa and 8mm 11.80 Mpa. The impact strength of composite with 35% fiber pulp washes highest than 45% to 55% dung fiber pulp. This produces composite sheet will be used for the surfboards, sporting goods, building panel this not only reduces the cost but also save from environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Methodological Aspects of Obtaining and Characterizing Composites Based on Biogenic Diatomaceous Silica and Epoxy Resins

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4607
Author(s):  
Marta Dobrosielska ◽  
Renata Dobrucka ◽  
Dariusz Brząkalski ◽  
Michał Gloc ◽  
Janusz Rębiś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Diatomaceous Silica ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
The Impact

Diatomaceous earth are sediments of unicellular algal skeletons with a well-defined hierarchical structure. Despite many tests conducted on systems using diatomaceous earth and epoxy resins, we can find many differences in the methods of acquisition and characteristics of the composite, which may considerably affect the results. In our study, we have conducted tests to verify the impact of the method of obtaining samples and the degassing of the composite on its mechanical properties and standard deviation. The samples were cast in glass moulds and silicone moulds and then subjected to testing for their mechanical and functional properties, imaging with the use of an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The tests have shown that, for samples cast in glass moulds, there is no heterogeneity within the area of the tested sample, as in the case of samples cast in silicone moulds. Silicone moulds allow for quite effective self-degassing of the resin due to the large area-to-mass ratio, and the small remaining air vesicles have a limited effect on the mechanical properties of the samples. The filler used also played a significant role. For systems containing base and rinsed diatomite, it is clear that the degassing of mixtures increases the tensile strength. For treated diatomite, the elongation at break grew along with increasing filler concentration, while for base diatomite, the improvement was observed for flexural strength and impact strength. A non-modified epoxy resin shows a tensile strength at 19.91 MPa (silicone mould cast). At the same time, the degassed, glass mould-cast systems containing 12% of base and rinsed diatoms showed a tensile strength of 27.4 MPa and 44.7 MPa, respectively. We have also observed that the higher the filler concentration, the higher were the tensile strength values, which for the rinsed diatoms reached over 55.1 MPa and for the base diatoms were maximum of 43.8 MPa. The tests, therefore, constitute a set of guidelines and recommendations for testing with the use of fillers showing an extended inner structure.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Effect of Nanomaterials and Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Chanachai Thongchom ◽  
Nima Refahati ◽  
Pouyan Roodgar Saffari ◽  
Peyman Roudgar Saffari ◽  
Meysam Nouri Niyaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the tensile and impact properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength) of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, nanoclay, and basalt fibers. The response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design (BBD) was adopted as the experimental design. An internal mixer was used to prepare compounds consisting of 0, 0.75 and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 10 and 20 wt% basalt fibers, and 0, 3 and 6 wt% nanoclay. The samples were prepared by a hot press machine for mechanical testing. The tensile tests were run to determine the tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, and the Charpy impact tests were performed to assess the impact strength. It was found that the addition of basalt increased the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength by 32%, 64% and 18%, respectively. Also, the incorporation of the low-weight graphene nanosheets increased the tensile and impact strength by 15% and 20%, respectively, Adding graphene nanosheets generally improved the modulus of elasticity by 66%. Similarly, the addition of nanoclay improved the tensile strength by 17% and increased the modulus of elasticity by 59%, but further addition of it decreased the impact strength by 19%. The values obtained by this experiment for the mechanical property were roughly close to the data yielded from desirability optimization.

Study of the Impact Viscosity of the Epoxy Composite Modified Technical Carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
S.V. Vasiliev ◽  
Y.Y. Fedorov ◽  
A.V. Savvina
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Technical Carbon ◽  
Epoxy Resin Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Viscosity

This article discusses effect of filler concentration on impact strength of an epoxy resin composite. The optimal ratio of resin and hardener is defined. Research of the effect of the concentration of the filler - carbon black P505 on the impact strength of a composite material based on epoxy resin ED-20 is made. According to the results of the study, it is shown that with an increase of concentration of the filler from P505 carbon black, the toughness decreases. Fractographic studies of the fracture surfaces of composites were also carried out, which indicate that the introduction of a filler leads to a decrease in the surface energy of destruction. Thus, studies of epoxy composite modified with technical carbon grade P505 showed a decrease in impact strength up to 4 times, depending on the increase in the mass fraction of the filler.

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