Crystallization of Natural Rubber

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Bekkedahl
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Melting Transition ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Great Honor ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Published Paper

Abstract It is, indeed, a very great honor to have been chosen as the Charles Goodyear Medalist for 1967, and I very much appreciate the opportunity of coming here to tell you about some of the research work in the field of rubber with which I have been associated for a number of years. The bylaws of the Division of Rubber Chemistry, A.C.S., require that the recipient of this award deliver a lecture before the Division on a subject that is related to the elastomer field and presented in accordance with the contribution for which the medal is awarded. It should, therefore, be quite appropriate for me to discuss one of my favorite subjects, the crystallization of natural rubber. My first thought was to talk on a broader subject, transitions in rubber, which would have included the glass transition, but such a paper was found to be much too long. Even the subject of the crystallization and melting transition is so broad that only a very condensed version can be given here today. In fact, the references for a proper review would run into the hundreds, so therefore I decided to restrict the paper to cover only the research work that has taken place in our own laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards. I should like to consider this award as one given not to me alone but rather to the group of us at the National Bureau of Standards who have been conducting scientific research on rubber during the past few decades. The names of most of these investigators who have made contributions in the area of rubber crystallization will appear in the bibliography of the published paper, but I should like at this time to name a few of the senior scientists whose work we shall discuss here.

scholarly journals In the Coordinating Council for Religious Studies

2013 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Olga Nedavnya
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Coordinating Council

Coordination Council for the writing of dissertations on religious studies, which, in coordination with the Department of History, Philosophy and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, operates at the Department of Religious Studies of the IF of the National Academy of Sciences (headed by Prof. P. Yarotsky), is called together with the dissertations and their scientific leaders to coordinate the name and concept of the dissertations. , to certify the relevance of their topic, to prevent (to warn) the duplication of research work, and at the same time, thematic discrimidation or denominational engagement (assertion) of scientific research. The council can organize scientific advising a search engineer, provide him with assistance in selecting literature on the subject of research, and so on. Actual for each search engineer is to search the place of publication of a certain MES number of scientific articles, in particular in foreign publications. The Department of Religious Studies is working on the publication of possible editions for dissertation articles not only in Ukraine but also abroad, including our Ukrainian Religious Studies Quarterly to scientific-methodical publications.

scholarly journals Scientific mentoring in the educational practice of a student of a pedagogical university

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Lyubov A. Kochemasova
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
Different Levels

Based on the analysis of scientific research, the paper shows the essence of mentoring as a pedagogical phenomenon, examines the meaning and content of scientific mentoring, its role in the educational practice of a student of a pedagogical university. Modern approaches to mentoring in Russian pedagogical science allowed the author to review the content of scientific publications, to propose the following working definitions of the terms mentoring, scientific mentoring, mentor in education, mentoring of bachelors of teacher education. Relying on domestic and foreign sources, the author reveals the features of scientific mentoring in comparison with mentoring in other professional fields, focusing on the extremely wide coverage of the sphere of mentoring in the implementation of modern educational practices of a student of a pedagogical university. The actualization of scientific mentoring reflects the conceptual aspects of studying the historical and pedagogical heritage of teachers of the past in modern conditions by organizing an international competition for research and creative works of students In the world of wise thoughts of domestic and foreign scientists and teachers. In the paper, the author pays special attention to the popularization and continuity of humanistic ideas, the pedagogical heritage of the outstanding Russian doctor and pedagogical humanist thinker N.I. Pirogov in the system of modern higher education in the direction of scientific mentoring the management of scientific research activities of students in the educational practice of a pedagogical university (in the form of writing scientific competitive works of different levels). The authors vision of the practical significance of the study in rethinking the historical and pedagogical heritage from the standpoint of modern approaches of scientific mentoring as an effective mechanism for transferring experience and knowledge from leading scholars and mentors and student research work is substantiated.

Progress of Psychiatry in 1901

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (200) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
H. M. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
University Professors ◽  
State Hospitals ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Psychiatry ◽  
Special Instruction ◽  
The Subject

The record of American psychiatry for the past year is not an eventful one so far as matters of interest to trans-Atlantic readers are concerned. At the beginning of the year the subject of interest was the New York Pathological Institute and the difficulties that involved its management. For a number of months it has been in a state of suspended activity—not dead but sleeping—and now appears to be about to start again on a fresh career of usefulness. A new organisation has been planned, an advisory board appointed, consisting of recognised authorities in their departments, and including representatives of the related specialties of psychology and general biology, as well as those of pathology, neurology, and psychiatry. The gentlemen who have accepted positions on the board are well known, and their interest in the Institute and its aims undoubted. Their names will carry weight; Professor McKeen Cattell holds the chair of psychology in Columbia University, Professors Ewing and Herter represent the two great medical schools of Bellevue and Cornell, Dr. H. A. Hern, of Albany, a well-known neurologist, Dr. Bumpus, of the American Museum of Natural History, Drs. Pilgrim and Macdonald, representing the State Hospitals, and Dr. Frederick Peterson, ex officio, as commissioner of lunacy, complete the board. These gentlemen will exercise a general oversight over the work, and when a new working staff has been appointed, we may look for good work, carried on under more favourable conditions than was formerly the case. It is the intention in their reorganisation not only to carry on original research as in the past, but to utilize the Institute for special instruction of the members of the different asylum staffs in psychiatry and special research work. It will be located in one of the departments of the Manhattan Hospital until such time as a special reception hospital for the insane can be provided.

Chemical Derivatives of Synthetic Isoprene Rubbers

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-688
Author(s):  
I. D. D'Ianni ◽  
F. J. Naples ◽  
J. W. Marsh ◽  
J. L. Zarney
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Rubber Product

Abstract Natural rubber was the subject of intensive investigation with respect to its chemical reactions and the preparation of commercially useful derivatives. General reviews in this field have been written by Fisher, Schidrowitz, Jones, Sibley, Memmler, Dawson and Schidrowitz, and Farmer. Before World War II several of these reaction products, such as rubber hydrochloride (Pliofilm), isomerized rubber (Pliolite), and chlorinated rubber (Parlon), had been marketed successfully. During the past five years drastic restriction of the commercial use of natural rubber for chemical derivatives prompted the study of synthetic rubbers for this purpose. Endres recently reported on chlorinated and cyclized synthetic lubbers, with special emphasis on GR-S as the starting material. This paper deals particularly with derivatives of polyisoprene and other isoprene-containing synthetic rubbers which behave chemically very much like natural rubber because of the similarity in structure. It is shown that GR-S and other butadiene-containing synthetic rubbers, under the same conditions, are either nonreactive or behave differently. Because of its similarity to the natural rubber product, isomerized synthetic polyisoprene has been designated Pliolite S-1. Chlorinated synthetic polyisoprene is referred to as Pliochlor.

Flex Life and Crystallization of Synthetic Rubber

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ray Patterns

Abstract The crystalline structure of stretched natural rubber has been the subject of much experimental work in the past. A great deal of this has been devoted to the more theoretical aspects, such as x-ray patterns, thermal effects, and volume change. It is now known that neither Buna-N nor GR-S has a fiber diagram when stretched and that Butyl-B and Neoprene do have such patterns. Since the industry is now in the process of changing from natural rubber to GR-S, it is of interest to see just what this lack of crystallinity means from a compounding and performance standpoint. It is possible that many of our ideas based on rubber must change, that GR-S must be considered to be a new material, and that radical changes in formulation and construction must be made.

scholarly journals The Rise and Fall of Quasars

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Great Honor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
The Subject

It is a great honor for me to speak to you tonight on the subject of quasars. In the past twenty-five years, an enormous amount has been learned about these objects and the field has become very technical. I recognize that there are many people in the audience who are not professional astronomers and I hope not to disappoint them. At the same time my colleagues may recognize a few things that I touch upon. They will also hopefully forgive me for leaving out many attributions: many hundreds of astronomers have contributed to the field.

METHODOLOGICAL BASICS OF ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliіa Kustrich ◽  
◽  
Ljudmila Aleshkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the question of the conceptual foundations of the organization and conduction of the scientific research. It is noted that the research of any sphere of human activity, including scientific, is subject to the general laws of the cognitive process and is implemented with the help of methodological regulations. During the analysis of the specifics of the formation of research work, it was established that scientific research has its own, unique and inherent features, stipulated by the specifics of the interaction of the subject and object under study, the features of the means and ways of achieving possible results, etc. It is indicated that the purpose of scientific research is to identify key categories and principles, as well as the formulation of theoretical and applied provisions that explain natural and social phenomena. The key methodological foundations of scientific activity has been defined. It is noted that during the formation of the conceptual foundations of the organization of scientific research and research work methods of divergence, convergence and transformation are being used. On the basis of analysis and critical analysis of scientific sources, which covers the methodology of scientific research and research planning, the stages of organization and conduction of scientific research has been highlighted and analyzed. It is summarized that the analysis of the methodology of scientific research indicates the requirement for further development of methodological aspects on the organization and conduction of scientific research. The accelerating of development pace of theory and practice requires not only further improvement of traditional research methods, but also the development of innovative forms of scientific activity, the application of which would increase the effectiveness of scientific research. That is why the study and development of research methodology is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of science and its operational implementation in the practice of scientific knowledge.

LAW AND STAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (XX) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Aleksander Słysz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Community Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Mutual Relations

We have been looking for answers to the question: what is law and what is its relation to morality for several thousand years. It seems that the definitions and analyzes created so far are still insufficient. A look at the past proves that we are developing the law in this area, generally pushed to it by some tragic events that affect not only law but also universal culture. On the other hand, it is the broadly understood culture that shapes certain patterns of desired behavior much stronger than the law. Shaping the mutual relations between law, morality and pop culture should be the subject of reflection and scientific research. It seems that we are stuck in a certain stagnation, in a deadlock in the development of law, which started in the first half of the 20th century. History proves that we will be stuck in it at least until the next terrible event that will shock the international community, change the perspective and trigger a domino of change.

Control Beyond the Stall

1932 ◽  
Vol 36 (256) ◽  
pp. 275-338
Author(s):  
G. V. Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rigid System ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Scientific Research Work ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
The Subject

The following paper does not pretend to be a complete and exhaustive survey of all the theoretical and experimental work which has been done up to the present on the subject of control beyond the stall.It is confined to main questions and to a report of the practical research work upon which my colleagues and I have been engaged during the last two years.In doing so I am well aware of the incompleteness of our research work and its methods, which aimed more at finding ad hoc than general solutions. The outlook of the engineer is different from that of the learned scientist. Not for him is the tranquil and contemplative atmosphere that surrounds purely scientific research work. If he breaks new ground he has neither time nor means to strive for a thorough, complete and general treatment of the particular problem he encounters. His work is limited by financial considerations; hampered by a rigid system of Works Orders; and by the lesser interest in so-called “unproductive” work which characterises industrial institutions. In short, from his point of view, the solution is infinitely more important than the theory or the methods by which it is obtained. A practical solution often presents itself automatically if the physical conditions of a particular problem are properly recognised, even if the degree of accuracy does not satisfy the rigid requirements of pure scientific research.

Integrated FAHP-VIKOR model for green supplier selection in a Nickle coating SME

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Sanatan Ratna ◽  
B Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Green Supplier Selection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coating Industry ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Selection Of

In the past few decades, there has been lot of focus on the issue of sustainability. This has occurred due to the growing concerns related to climate change and the growing awareness about environmental concerns. Also, the competition at global level has led to the search for the most sustainable route in the industries. The current research work deals with the selection of green supplier in a Nickle coating industry based on certain weighted green attributes. For this purpose, a hybrid tool comprising of Fuzzy AHP (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy) and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) is used. The Fuzzy AHP is used for assigning proper weights to the selected criteria for supplier evaluation, while VIKOR is used for final supplier selection based on the weighted criteria. The three criterions for green supplier selection are, Ecological packaging, Corporate socio-environmental responsibility and Staff Training. The outcome of the integrated model may serve as a steppingstone to other SMEs in different sectors for selecting the most suitable supplier for addressing the sustainability issue.

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