The Brittleness of Ebonite

1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-786
Author(s):  
R. Ariano
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Minimum Depth ◽  
The Moment

Abstract The results of tests of the brittleness of ebonite are described. Resilience is influenced chiefly by the moment of inertia of the cross section of the test-specimen, but it seems also to be affected by the form of the specimen. The state of vulcanization has considerable influence on these mechanical properties within the undercured range, but with thorough vulcanization the state of cure plays no appreciable part. Notching of test-specimens is not of great importance. It diminishes the resilience, but when the tests are compared on a basis of equal moments of inertia of the resistant cross sections, this diminution becomes inappreciable in the case of brittle ebonites. On the other hand, the shape of the notch in ebonites containing no loading ingredients does influence the resilience. With V-shaped notches, the depth of the notch and its angle of aperture influence considerably the resilience of this latter type of ebonite, and notches of minimum depth are sufficient to have an appreciable effect.

Electron Irradiation Effects in Polyoxymethylene Crystals Grown Inside Trioxane Crystals

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
J. P. Colson ◽  
D. H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Chain Axis

Polyoxymethylene (POM) crystals grow inside trioxane crystals which have been irradiated and heated to a temperature slightly below their melting point. Figure 1 shows a low magnification electron micrograph of a group of such POM crystals. Detailed examination at higher magnification showed that three distinct types of POM crystals grew in a typical sample. The three types of POM crystals were distinguished by the direction that the polymer chain axis in each crystal made with respect to the threefold axis of the trioxane crystal. These polyoxymethylene crystals were described previously.At low magnifications the three types of polymer crystals appeared as slender rods. One type had a hexagonal cross section and the other two types had rectangular cross sections, that is, they were ribbonlike.

Proton-proton scattering at the C. E. R. N. Intersecting Storage Rings

1973 ◽  
Vol 335 (1603) ◽  
pp. 431-452 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proton Scattering ◽  
High Energy Proton ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Energy Proton

The main features of the C. E. R. N. Intersecting Storage Rings (I. S. R.) are reviewed, together with results obtained in 1971 and 1972 on elastic scattering and total cross-sections. The main result is a 10% increase of the total proton-proton cross-section in the I. S. R. energy range. The simplest picture of high energy proton-proton scattering which emerges from this and the other data, is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Functional reconstitution of Chlamydomonas outer dynein arms from alpha-beta and gamma subunits: requirement of a third factor.

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Takada ◽  
R Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Gamma Subunits ◽  
Dynein Arms ◽  
Alpha Beta

The outer dynein arm of Chlamydomonas flagella, when isolated under Mg(2+)-free conditions, tends to dissociate into an 11 to 12S particle (12S dynein) containing the gamma heavy chain and a 21S particle (called 18S dynein) containing the alpha and beta heavy chains. We show here that functional outer arms can be reconstituted by the addition of 12S and 18S dyneins to the axonemes of the outer armless mutants oda1-oda6. A third factor that sediments at integral 7S is required for efficient reconstitution of the outer arms on the axonemes of oda1 and oda3. However, this factor is not necessary for reconstitution on the axonemes of oda2, oda4, oda5, and oda6. SDS-PAGE analysis indicates that the axonemes of the former two mutants lack a integral of 70-kD polypeptide that is present in those of the other mutants as well as in the 7S fraction from the wild-type extract. Furthermore, electron micrographs of axonemal cross sections revealed that the latter four mutants, but not oda1 or oda3, have small pointed structures on the outer doublets, at a position in cross section where outer arms normally occur. We suggest that the 7S factor constitutes the pointed structure on the outer doublets and facilitates attachment of the outer arm. The discovery of this structure raises a new question as to how the attachment site for the outer arm dynein is determined within the axoneme.

A study of open thick microstrip: the hybrid quasistatic approximation

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 747-752
Author(s):  
M. Chryssomallis ◽  
K. Siakavara ◽  
J. N. Sahalos
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Effective Permittivity ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Attenuation Constant ◽  
Quasistatic Approximation ◽  
Ohmic Losses ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper we study microstrips with rectangular and rounded edge cross sections. A hybrid quasistatic method is applied and the effective permittivity and the attenuation constant of the microstrip are found. Instead of the dielectric constant of the substrate an ideational one is used that depends on the geometry and the frequency. The attenuation constant for the rectangular microstrip was found to be in good agreement with values given in the literature. A microstrip with a rounded edge cross section has a smaller attenuation constant due to the conductor than that of a microstrip with a rectangular crosssection. Thus, a rounded edge microstrip is preferred because it will give an appreciable effect in reducing the ohmic losses of the line.

scholarly journals IV. On the practical solution of the most general problems in continuous beams

1879 ◽  
Vol 29 (196-199) ◽  
pp. 493-505
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Continuous Beams ◽  
The Moment

1. It is not necessary to enter into the question of the advisability of employing continuous girders in bridges with spans of less than 200 feet, but it is generally conceded that the increased economy due to the employment of continuous girders in longer spans more than counterbalances the well-known practical objections to continuity. Hence the practical solution of the general problem—given the conditions at the ends of a continuous girder, the spans, the moment of inertia of all cross sections, and the loading, to find the bending moment and shearing stress in every cross-section, is not unworthy of our attention.

scholarly journals A study by a double-refraction method of the development of turbulence in a long circular tube

1947 ◽  
Vol 192 (1028) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Weak Solution ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Refraction Method

A streaming double-refraction method was employed to examine the flow in a long glass tube of a very weak solution of benzopurpurin in water. Two kinds of turbulent entry were used: with one, laminar flow at a Reynolds number of about 1900 was observed at cross-sections more than 120 diameters from the entry; with the other the corresponding distance was 90 diameters. The nature of the breakdown of laminar flow at a cross-section was found to depend upon the kind of entry and upon the distance of the cross-section from the inlet. The development of complete turbulence at various cross-sections was also investigated.

scholarly journals Curved composite beam with interlayer slip loaded by radial load

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
István Ecsedi ◽  
Ákos József Lengyel
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Composite Beam ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radial Load ◽  
Rigid Plate ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Interlayer Slip

AbstractElastic two-layer curved composite beam with partial shear interaction is considered. It is assumed that each curved layer separately follows the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis and the load slip relation for the flexible shear connection is a linear relationship. The curved composite beam at one of the end cross sections is fixed and the other end cross section is subjected by a concentrated radial load. Two cases are considered. In the first case the loaded end cross section is closed by a rigid plate and in the second case the radial load is applied immediately to it. The paper gives solutions for radial displacements, slips and stresses. The presented examples can be used as benchmark for the other types of solutions as given in this study.

Efficiency of visual strength grading of timber with respect to origin, species, cross section, and grading rules: a critical evaluation of the common standards

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stapel ◽  
Jan-Willem G. van de Kuilen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Visual Grading ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
The Common ◽  
Machine Strength

Abstract Strength grading is essential for the efficient use of structural timber. Although international standards exist for machine strength grading, visual grading is still regulated based on national rules, which are expected to allow safe and economic grading results. Although there are large differences in the graded output because the species, the cross section, and the origin of the timber influence the results, some of these standards are considered to be applicable universally. The present article demonstrates how the chosen standards influence the grading results. Depending on the parameters, the yields or the mechanical properties are low compared with the declared values. The results also show the efficiency and applicability of different national standards for strength grading of timber from various origins. Furthermore, it is recommended to reconsider the existing limits for source areas and cross sections given in the standard EN 1912.

scholarly journals Electron transport in silicon nanowires having different cross-sections

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio Muscato ◽  
Tina Castiglione
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Maximum Entropy Principle ◽  
Optical Phonons ◽  
Poisson System ◽  
Moment System ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
Closure Relations ◽  
The Moment

AbstractTransport phenomena in silicon nanowires with different cross-section are investigated using an Extended Hydrodynamic model, coupled to the Schrödinger-Poisson system. The model has been formulated by closing the moment system derived from the Boltzmann equation on the basis of the maximum entropy principle of Extended Thermodynamics, obtaining explicit closure relations for the high-order fluxes and the production terms. Scattering of electrons with acoustic and non polar optical phonons have been taken into account. The bulk mobility is evaluated for square and equilateral triangle cross-sections of the wire.

scholarly journals CRITICAL EXPERIMENT OF THORIUM LOADED THERMAL CORES AT KUCA (1) A NEW CRITICAL EXPERIMENT OF THORIUM LOADED CORE WITH HARDER NEUTRON SPECTRUM IN KUCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 09013
Author(s):  
Tadafumi Sano ◽  
Jun-ichi Hori ◽  
Jeaong Lee ◽  
Yoshiyuki Takahashi ◽  
Kazuki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Capture Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capture Cross ◽  
Delayed Neutron ◽  
Integral Evaluation ◽  
Critical Experiment ◽  
The Difference

In order to perform integral evaluation of 232Th capture cross section, a series of critical experiments for thorium-loaded and solid-moderated cores in KUCA had been carried out. In these experimental cores, H/235U nuclide ratio ranged about from 150 to 315, and 232Th/235U nuclide ratio ranged about from 13 to 19. In this study, a new critical experiment with Th loaded core in KUCA, which had about 70 of the H/235U ratio and 12.7 of 232Th/235U ratio, was carried out. As results, the excess reactivity was 0.086 ± 0.003 (% dk/k) and the keff was 1.0009 ± 0.0003, where the effective delayed neutron fraction was 7.656E-3. The keff was also calculated by MVP3.0 with different nuclear libraries. The respective calculations with JENDL-4.0, JENDL-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.0 lead to 1.0056 ± 0.0086 (%), 1.0048 ± 0.0085 (%) and 1.0056 ± 0.0086 (%).On the other hand, the further MVP3.0 calculations, where only the 232Th cross sections were taken from JENDL-4.0, JENDL-3.3 or ENDF/B-VII.0 but all other nuclides were done from JENDL-4.0, were carried out to examine an impact of the difference of 232Th cross section among these nuclear libraries to the keff. The keff calculated with respective 232Th cross sections from JENDL-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.0 was 1.0038 ± 0.0086 (%) and 1.0040 ± 0.0086 (%).

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