The Preparation, Properties and Potential Applications of “Diimide-Hydrogenated” Styrene-Butadiene (HSBR) and Polybutadiene (HBR) Thermoplastic Elastomers

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane K. Parker ◽  
Robert F. Roberts ◽  
Henry W. Schiessl
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Noble Metal Catalysts ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Our unique diimide-based process for preparing HNBR latex from NDR latex without the use of hydrogen, noble metal catalysts or solvents has now been successfully extended to the preparation of hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomers latexes directly from SBR or BR latex precusors. Commercially available SBR latex such as SBR 1502 can be readily reduced to high saturation levels (95+%) via the diimide reduction technique. Latex cast films of the highly reduced elastomer show excellent ozone and oxidation resistance as expected. Unexpectedly however, the hydrogenated polymer films demonstrate high tensile strength and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) behavior. The TPE properties have been found to be caused by polyethylene crystallites that exist even in the unstretched films under ambient conditions. Latex is an unusual physical form for a TPE material. As a latex, TPE elastomers can be fabricated into sheets or other products by simple dipping or spraying methods—methods not normally available to TPEs in bulk form. In this regard, HSBR or HBR could function as superior replacements for natural rubber (NR) latex in articles such as tubing, gloves, condoms etc., where ozone and oxidation resistance may be required or in applications where good strength properties coupled with the absence of potentially allergenic proteins and/or curatives may be desirable. Alternatively, HSBR or HBR latexes may also be conventionally coagulated and processed using standard rubber/TPE compounding techniques.

Polyolefin Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Kresge
Keyword(s):  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Theological Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers based on blends of polyolefins are an important family of engineering materials. Their importance arises from a combination of rubbery properties along with their thermoplastic nature in contrast to thermoset elastomers. The development of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer blends follows somewhat that of thermoplastic elastomers based on block copolymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer and multisegmented polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers which were instrumental in showing the utility of thermoplastic processing methods. Polyoleflns are based on coordination catalysts that do not easily lend themselves to block or multisegmented copolymer synthesis. However, since polyolefins have many important attributes favorable to useful elastomeric systems, there was considerable incentive to produce thermoplastic elastomers based on simple α-olefins by some means. Low density, chemical stability, weather resistance, and ability to accept compounding ingredients without compromising physical properties are highly desirable. These considerations led to the development of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer blends, and two types are now widely used: blends of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) with polypropylene (PP) and blends of EPDM and PP in which the rubber phase is highly crosslinked. This article reviews the nature of these blends. Both physical and Theological properties are very dependent on the morphology and crosslink density of the blend system. Moreover, the usefulness of practical systems depends extensively on compounding technology based on added plasticizers and fillers.

Novel Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomers from Blends with Special Reference to Compatibilization and Dynamic Vulcanization

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Patel ◽  
M. Maiti ◽  
K. Naskar ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Styrene Acrylonitrile ◽  
Modified Polystyrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a rubbery material with final properties and functional performance similar to those of a conventional vulcanized rubber at ambient temperature, yet it can be processed in a molten condition as a thermoplastic polymer at elevated temperature. The main objectives of the present investigation are: to prepare novel styrenic-based thermoplastic elastomers based on blends of a thermoplastic (polystyrene or styrene acrylonitrile) with a rubber (styrene butadiene or ethylene vinylacetate) and to investigate the interaction between various polymers with special reference to compatibilization via oxazoline-modified polystyrene or oxazoline-modified styrene acrylonitrile and dynamic vulcanization. Styrene acrylonitrile/ethylene vinylacetate blends are found to exhibit better overall properties, especially tensile strength, elongation at break and tension set. The solubility or interaction parameter and the morphology of the blends are the key parameters, which basically govern the final properties of blends. Physical properties of these blends have been correlated with the interaction parameter and final morphology.

TUNING PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY IN HIGH VINYL CONTENT SBS BLOCK COPOLYMER, A THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER VIA THIOL-ENE MODIFICATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithwiraj Mandal ◽  
Siva Ponnupandian ◽  
Soumyadip Choudhury ◽  
Nikhil K. Singha
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Ene Reaction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

ABSTRACT Thiol-ene modification of high vinyl content thermoplastic elastomeric styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) block copolymer (BCP) was carried out using different thiolating agents in toluene at 70 °C. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the participation of vinyl double bond in the thiol-ene modification reaction of SBS. Surface morphology of the block copolymers evaluated by atomic force microscopy analysis showed higher roughness after the thiol-ene reaction. The thiol-modified SBS block copolymer showed better adhesion strength and oil resistance properties than the pristine SBS.

An octahedral stress-based fracture criterion for hyperelastic materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622097213
Author(s):  
A Hamdi ◽  
A Boulenouar ◽  
N Benseddiq
Keyword(s):  
Pure Shear ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Hyperelastic Materials ◽  
Biaxial Tests ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Loading Modes ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

No unified stress-based criterion exists, in the literature, for predicting the rupture of hyperelastic materials subjected to mutiaxial loading paths. This paper aims to establish a generalized rupture criterion under plane stress loading for elastomers. First, the experimental set up, at breaking, including various loading modes, is briefly described and commented. It consists of uniaxial tests, biaxial tests and pure shear tests, performed on different rubbers. The used vulcanizate and thermoplastic rubber materials are a Natural Rubber (NR), a Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), a Polyurethane (PU) and a Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Then, we have investigated a new theoretical approach, based upon the principal stresses, to establish a failure criterion under quasi-static loadings. Thus, we have proposed a new analytical model expressed as a function of octahedral stresses. Quite good agreement is highlighted when comparing the ultimate stresses, at break, between the experimental data and the prediction of the proposed criteria using our rubber-like materials.

scholarly journals Foldable and washable textile-based OLEDs with a multi-functional near-room-temperature encapsulation layer for smart e-textiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yeong Jeong ◽  
Hye Rin Shim ◽  
Yunha Na ◽  
Ki Suk Kang ◽  
Yongmin Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
Data Signal ◽  
Wearable Electronic Devices

AbstractWearable electronic devices are being developed because of their wide potential applications and user convenience. Among them, wearable organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) play an important role in visualizing the data signal processed in wearable electronics to humans. In this study, textile-based OLEDs were fabricated and their practical utility was demonstrated. The textile-based OLEDs exhibited a stable operating lifetime under ambient conditions, enough mechanical durability to endure the deformation by the movement of humans, and washability for maintaining its optoelectronic properties even in water condition such as rain, sweat, or washing. In this study, the main technology used to realize this textile-based OLED was multi-functional near-room-temperature encapsulation. The outstanding impermeability of TiO2 film deposited at near-room-temperature was demonstrated. The internal residual stress in the encapsulation layer was controlled, and the device was capped by highly cross-linked hydrophobic polymer film, providing a highly impermeable, mechanically flexible, and waterproof encapsulation.

scholarly journals Studies on PBFMO-b-PNMMO alternative block thermoplastic elastomers as potential binders for solid propellants

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (51) ◽  
pp. 29765-29771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Xu ◽  
Xianming Lu ◽  
Hongchang Mo ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Solid Propellants ◽  
Polymeric Binder

A novel energetic polymeric binder PBFMO-b-PNMMO alternative block thermoplastic elastomer was developed for metal-rich solid propellants.

scholarly journals Properties and Structure of Concretes Doped with Production Waste of Thermoplastic Elastomers from the Production of Car Floor Mats

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Alina Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Average Decrease

This article presents physical and mechanical properties of concrete composites that include waste thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) from the production process of car floor mats. Waste elastomer (2–8 mm fraction) was used as a substitute for fine aggregate in quantities of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% of the cement weight. For all series of concrete, the following tests were carried out: compression strength, bending tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, absorbability, density, resistance to water penetration under pressure, frost resistance, and abrasion resistance, according to applicable standards. Moreover, SEM/EDS analysis was carried out on the surface microstructure of synthesized concrete composites. It was proven that the use of production waste from the production process of car floor mats in the quantity of 2.5% does not influence the change of the concrete microstructure and it does not result in the decrease of the mechanical parameters of concrete modified with waste. All concrete modified with the addition of waste meet standards requirements after carrying out 15 cycles of freezing and thawing, and the average decrease in compression strength did not exceed 20%. Adding waste in the quantity of 2.5% allows for limiting the use of aggregate by about 5%, which is beneficial for the natural environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Styrene-Butadiene Based Thermoplastic Magnetorheological Elastomers with Surface-Treated Iron Particles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
Arturo Tagliabue ◽  
Fernando Eblagon ◽  
Frank Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Phosphate Coating ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Mr Effect ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Dynamic Mr

Magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) are increasing in popularity in many applications because of their ability to change stiffness by applying a magnetic field. Instead of liquid-based 1 K and 2 K silicone, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), based on styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, have been investigated as matrix material. Three different carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) with different surface treatments were used as magneto active filler material. For the sample fabrication, the thermoplastic pressing method was used, and the MR effect under static and dynamic load was investigated. We show that for filler contents above 40 vol.-%, the linear relationship between powder content and the magnetorheological effect is no longer valid. We showed how the SiO2 and phosphate coating of the CIPs affects the saturation magnetization and the shear modulus of MRE composites. A combined silica phosphate coating resulted in a higher shear modulus, and therefore, the MR effect decreased, while coating with SiO2 only improved the MR effect. The highest performance was achieved at low deformations; a static MR effect of 73% and a dynamic MR effect of 126% were recorded. It was also shown that a lower melting viscosity of the TPE matrix helps to increase the static MR effect of anisotropic MREs, while low shear modulus is crucial for achieving high dynamic MR. The knowledge from TPE-based magnetic composites will open up new opportunities for processing such as injection molding, extrusion, and fused deposition modeling (FDM).

scholarly journals Effect of Acetylated SEBS/PP for Potential HVDC Cable Insulation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1596
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yongqi Zhang ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Jiaming Yang ◽  
Wenbin Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Electrical Strength ◽  
Voltage Stabilizer ◽  
Breakdown Field ◽  
Cable Insulation ◽  
Breakdown Field Strength

Blending thermoplastic elastomers into polypropylene (PP) can make it have great potential for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation by improving its toughness. However, when a large amount of thermoplastic elastomer is blended, the electrical strength of PP will be decreased consequently, which cannot meet the electrical requirements of HVDC cables. To solve this problem, in this paper, the inherent structure of thermoplastic elastomer SEBS was used to construct acetophenone structural units on its benzene ring through Friedel–Crafts acylation, making it a voltage stabilizer that can enhance the electrical strength of the polymer. The DC electrical insulation properties and mechanical properties of acetylated SEBS (Ac-SEBS)/PP were investigated in this paper. The results showed that by doping 30% Ac-SEBS into PP, the acetophenone structural unit on Ac-SEBS remarkably increased the DC breakdown field strength of SEBS/PP by absorbing high-energy electrons. When the degree of acetylation reached 4.6%, the DC breakdown field strength of Ac-SEBS/ PP increased by 22.4% and was a little higher than that of PP. Ac-SEBS, with high electron affinity, is also able to reduce carrier mobility through electron capture, resulting in lower conductivity currents in SEBS/PP and suppressing space charge accumulation to a certain extent, which enhances the insulation properties. Besides, the highly flexible Ac-SEBS can maintain the toughening effect of SEBS, resulting in a remarkable increase in the tensile strength and elongation at the break of PP. Therefore, Ac-SEBS/PP blends possess excellent insulation properties and mechanical properties simultaneously, which are promising as insulation materials for HVDC cables.

Dynamic-head space GC-MS analysis of volatile odorous compounds generated from unbleached and bleached pulps and effects on strength properties during ageing

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Alam ◽  
Swati Sood ◽  
Chhaya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Odorous Compounds ◽  
Unbleached Pulp

Abstract Mixed hardwood unbleached (UB) and final bleached (FB) pulp along with the pulp of intermediate bleaching stages from an integrated paper mill have been undertaken for this study. Headspace GC-MS analysis of these pulps was made to identify the odorous compounds which are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), generated during ageing for 60 days. The result showed that a number of pre-generated VOCs such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and aldehydes are observed in the pulp sample which might be came from the process and it has been observed that upon ageing at ambient conditions, some acid functionalized VOC were generated in the pulp. The generation of these VOCs were established by ATR-FTIR analysis and the results showed that intensity of peak absorbance near 3340  cm − 1 {\text{cm}^{-1}} and 1641  cm − 1 {\text{cm}^{-1}} which represents the –OH stretching of acidic functional group and C=O stretch of aldehyde and acidic functional groups increased after ageing. Generation of acid functionalized volatile compounds were observed more in bleached pulp than in unbleached pulp. Degree of polymerization (DP) is pretty much related to the strength of paper. DP of both unbleached and bleached pulp gets reduced upon ageing while more reduction were observed in bleached pulp. Bleached pulps are more prone to degrade as compared to the unbleached pulp in terms of strength properties such as tensile index, breaking length, burst and double fold were observed. 12.3 % and 21.8 % reduction in tensile index was observed for UB and final bleached FB pulp respectively. Burst index of UB and FB pulp were found reduced to 23.8 % and 41.9 % respectively due to ageing. Reduction in the mechanical and optical properties was also observed in intermediate bleaching stages. There is much evidence for the contribution of VOCs to the degradation of paper. The results are strongly suggested that acid functionalized volatile compounds can have strong effects on degradation of cellulosic paper.

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