The Influence of Different Brass Pretreatments on Rubber-Metal Bonding: Investigated by Analytical Electron Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kretzschmar ◽  
K. Hummel ◽  
F. Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Fecl3 Solution ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Crystallographic Structures ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Brass samples (thin foils or plates) were pretreated either by etching with aqueous HC1 or by rubbing with emery cloth. A mixture of cis-l,4-polybutadiene with sulfur and N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide was vulcanized in contact with the brass surfaces. The bonding layers were investigated by analytical electron microscopy (AEM). Two preparation techniques for AEM were used, namely cryo-ultramicrotomy to obtain cross sections (applied to foils), or separating ultrathin surface layers with an aqueous HCl/FeCl3 solution (applied to plates). Across the bonding layers, various crystallographic structures and chemical compositions were found, depending on the pretreatment of the brass.

Application of analytical electron microscopy to the study of partitioning of silicon in a 2 wt% Si eutectoid steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
N. Ridley ◽  
S.A. Al-Salman ◽  
G.W. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Eutectoid Steel ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Transformation Front

The application of the technique of analytical electron microscopy to the study of partitioning of Mn (1) and Cr (2) during the austenite-pearlite transformation in eutectoid steels has been described in previous papers. In both of these investigations, ‘in-situ’ analyses of individual cementite and ferrite plates in thin foils showed that the alloying elements partitioned preferentially to cementite at the transformation front at higher reaction temperatures. At lower temperatures partitioning did not occur and it was possible to identify a ‘no-partition’ temperature for each of the steels examined.In the present work partitioning during the pearlite transformation has been studied in a eutectoid steel containing 1.95 wt% Si. Measurements of pearlite interlamellar spacings showed, however, that except at the highest reaction temperatures the spacing would be too small to make the in-situ analysis of individual cementite plates possible, without interference from adjacent ferrite lamellae. The minimum diameter of the analysis probe on the instrument used, an EMMA-4 analytical electron microscope, was approximately 100 nm.

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Ion-Implanted Metals

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
D.I. Potter ◽  
M. Ahmed ◽  
K. Ruffing
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Property Changes

Ion implantation, used extensively for the past decade in fabricating semiconductor devices, now provides a unique means for altering the near-surface chemical compositions and microstructures of metals. These alterations often significantly improve physical properties that depend on the surface of the material; for example, catalysis, corrosion, oxidation, hardness, friction and wear. Frequently the mechanisms causing these beneficial alterations and property changes remain obscure and much of the current research in the area of ion implantation metallurgy is aimed at identifying such mechanisms. Investigators thus confront two immediate questions: To what extent is the chemical composition changed by implantation? What is the resulting microstructure? These two questions can be investigated very fruitfully with analytical electron microscopy (AEM), as described below.

K-shell cross sections for analytical electron microscopy

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Bethe Equation ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections

There has during the last few years been a renewed interest in the calculation of ionization cross-sections for use in AEM-based x-ray analysis, due to the fact that modern AEM's can operate up to accelerating potentials of 400 kV. In this regime relativistic effects are considerable and the extrapolation of the “accepted” microprobe-based formulae to these levels is questionable and the relativistic Bethe equation is the most appropriate formulation.

On the use of ionization cross sections in analytical electron microscopy

1984 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Williams ◽  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
J. I. Goldstein ◽  
C. E. Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections

Quantitative Determination of van Gogh's Painting Grounds Using SEM/EDX

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Haswell ◽  
Leslie Carlyle ◽  
Kees T.J. Mensch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Van Gogh ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractWe have investigated the potential of utilizing analytical electron microscopy to quantitatively examine the grounds used by van Gogh and, in particular, the absolute amount of extender employed. To determine the accuracy that can be achieved, a series of oil paint reconstructions were used as standards. The proportion of extender was measured using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a relative error of 10% or better was achieved. The same method was then used to determine the ground composition of real samples from van Gogh paintings. The results obtained in this work are part of a more quantitative method of comparing and classifying paint cross sections, which will supplement the more traditional qualitative approach. The information obtained from this study is being used to add to our knowledge of the methods and materials used by van Gogh, which is helping in the reconstruction of van Gogh's oeuvre and attribution.

Analytical Electron Microscopy in human pathology

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
J.D. Shelburne ◽  
P. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Analytical electron microscopy and related microprobe techniques such as ion microscopy and laser microscopy have been widely used in scientific investigations of many types. This presentation will review the rapidly expanding body of scientific literature on the application of microprobe techniques solely to problems in human pathology. With this goal in mind the presentation will focus on studies that demonstrate potential for microchemical microscopy in diagnostic and clinical pathology, and not on studies that are primarily research oriented.Also, it is not the purpose of this presentation to discuss articles primarily devoted to secondary electron imaging - the emphasis is on analytical, not morphological, techniques. A review of sample preparation techniques applicable to the analytical study of human tissue is included, as is also a brief discussion of possible artifacts from these techniques.

Mica weathering in acidic soils by analytical electron microscopy

Clay Minerals ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aoudjit ◽  
F. Elsass ◽  
D. Righi ◽  
M. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Analytical Electron

AbstractThe mineralogy, crystallochemistry and microfabric of clay minerals from acidic soils were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM). Soil profiles, developed on saprolites, sampled in the main crystalline massifs of France represent different pedological environments. The study focused on the microsystem of mica weathering, which appeared to be the main source of secondary clay minerals, and involves microdivision, transformation and dissolution. Microdivision begins with the splitting of large particles along layer planes and their shearing normal to the layers. This induces the breakdown of particles of one hundred layers into particles having only a few layers. The transformation of micas follows two steps: they first transform into 1–1.4 nm mixed-layer minerals and then into hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite. The formation of hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite derived from micas is dominant in acidic soils; particles are generally small, consisting of only three to seven layers, and always have a dioctahedral composition, whatever the type of the original mica (trioctahedral or dioctahedral). Dissolution affects the surface layers or large domains of the core of the particles and leads to the formation of multi-elementary gels rich in Fe and Al.

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