Short Silk Fiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Setua ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fiber ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Heat Buildup

Abstract (1) The resorcinol-hexa-silica bonding system is essential for NR-silk fiber systems. (2) Mechanical anisotropy is observable only at higher fiber loadings (20 phr and above) in NR-silk fiber systems. (3) In composites containing a sufficient amount of bonding agents and fibers for tensile anisotropy to be observed, tensile failure occurs by both fiber breakage and debonding. (4) Addition of silk fiber to NR causes (a) increase in hardness, (b) reduction in resilience and elongation at break, (c) increase in heat buildup and set, and (d) increase in tear resistance. (5) The aging resistance of silk fiber-reinforced NR composites is excellent only beyond a fiber loading of 20 phr. (6) Mill shrinkage and green strength of NR improve, while Mooney viscosity and scorch time increase with the addition of silk fiber to NR.

Short Jute Fiber Reinforced Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1286-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Chakraborty ◽  
D. K. Setua ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Fiber Breakage ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
Tensile Strength Anisotropy

Abstract Silica is not an essential component in the bonding system in XNBR-jute fiber systems. Mechanical anisotropy is observable only at the higher fiber loadings (40 phr and above) in XNBR-jute fiber composites. In composites containing sufficient amounts of bonding agent and fibers for tensile-strength anisotropy to be observed, tensile failure occurs by both fiber breakage and debonding. Fibers increase the aging resistance of XNBR composites. Mill shrinkage and green strength of XNBR improve, while Mooney viscosity increases and scorch time decreases with the addition of jute fiber to XNBR.

Reinforcement of Rubber through Short Individual Filaments

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Foldi
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Degree Of Orientation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Heat Buildup

Abstract Short, individual filaments of seven organic fibers, along with glass and wire, were mixed into several types of rubber stock, mainly on a rubber mill. Both the glass and the wire filaments broke into fragments. A high degree of orientation was achieved with most organic fibers. The presence of these filaments caused, in the direction of orientation, increased green strength (up to 37×) and exceptionally high stress at low elongations (e.g. 5.8 MPa at 100% with only 5 phr fiber). This was accompanied by moderate reduction in uncured yield elongation and by substantial decrease in cured elongation at break. Hardness, both uncured and cured, increased moderately, while heat buildup rose considerably in the presence of fibers. Penetration resistance, measured by a new laboratory test, increased two- to fourfold. The magnitude of these effects was directly proportional to the amount of well-dispersed and oriented fiber. No adhesive coating or special treatment was needed at the aspect ratios studied (> 180) to achieve tensile reinforcement with the organic fibers. The use of an adhesive dip on nylon actually reduced the level of reinforcement. The effects of staple length were insignificant on cured modulus, elongation at break, heat buildup, or penetration resistance; minor on green strength; moderate on Mooney viscosity. The most promising reinforcing filaments were the aramids, nylon, poly(vinyl alcohol), and polyester with aspect ratios between 180 and 3100.

Mechanical Properties of Sisal/Coir Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Haseena ◽  
K. Priya Dasan ◽  
G. Unnikrishnan ◽  
Sabu Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Fibre

Natural rubber was reinforced with various concentrations of sisal and coir fibres. Green strength measurements were carried out to determine the fibre orientation. The rubber–fibre interfacial bond was improved by a resorcinol-hexamethylene tetramine dry bonding system. The composites were vulcanized at 150°C, and the curing characteristics of the hybrid system were studied. The stress- strain behaviour, tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, tear strength in longitudinal and transverse fibre orientations, Shore-A hardness and abrasion resistance were determined by standard ASTM procedures. The tensile strength, tear strength and tensile modulus increased with the addition of fibres up to 30 phr and then decreased at still higher fibre loadings. The hardness, density and abrasion resistance increased with the addition of fibres whereas the elongation at break decreased. The fracture surfaces of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile properties were considered using parallel and Hirsch models.

scholarly journals Thermal, Morphological and Physic-Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber - CaCO3 Composites Using Jatropha Oil as Softener.

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasruddin ◽  
Tri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

The urgency of green technology in rubber compounding has become a critical issue recently. In this research, the effect of using renewable resources in rubber compounding has been studied. Commercial Calcium Carbonate, Silica and Jatropha Oil were used in natural rubber composite. The research was designed by varying the types of commercial filler namely CaCO3 (47-51) phr, silica (47-51) phr and Jatropha Oil (4-6) phr in natural rubber composites (SIR-20). The formulas were intentionally designed for rubber tips vulcanizates. The samples were characterized by the determination of physic-mechanical, thermal (TGA) and morphological (SEM) properties. From the measured results, there is no significant effect on the tensile strength, specific gravity, and hardness on the loading of commercial CaCO3 and Silica in natural rubber composites using Jatropha Oil. However, a slight difference in elongation at break and abrasion resistance could be detected. Compared to the commercial rubber tips, the rubber tips produced in this research have higher tensile strength, elongation at break and abrasion resistance. Due to the usage of commercial CaCO3 and Silica, the SEM micrographs show rough surface because of the agglomeration. The thermogram shows clearly the compositional analysis of the rubber tips vulcanizates consist of Jatropha Oil and natural rubber, CaCO3, ash and other filler residues such as Silica.

Tensile Failure of Steel Fiber‐Reinforced Mortar

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vellore S. Gopalaratnam ◽  
Surendra P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Fiber Reinforced
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