Effect of Pressure and Shear on Compaction of Powdered Rubber with Carbon Black

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-406
Author(s):  
N. Nakajima ◽  
P. R. Kumler ◽  
E. R. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Capillary Rheometer ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Rotor Surface ◽  
Powdered Rubber

Abstract During the incorporation stage of mixing carbon black with elastomer, the mixture becomes one solid mass, i.e., compacted. In this process, the elastomer must be deformed to conform with the topology of carbon black. This work attempts to elucidate the mechanism of compaction. In particular, the effects of static pressure and shear on compaction have been examined. A Sieglaff-McKelvey capillary rheometer was used for the higher pressure range and a Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer for the lower pressure range. A mixture of powdered rubber and carbon black was used. With static pressure alone, the compaction was slow and ineffective because the mixture forms a bridge structure. The compacted material was friable. With the application of shear, the bridge structure was easily broken, the compaction was attained immediately, and the compacted material was “fused” together. However, the application of shear was effective only when there was no slip between the rotor surface and the elastomer compound.

Unprecedented CO2 adsorption behaviour by 5A-type zeolite discovered in lower pressure region and at 300 K

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Oda ◽  
Suguru Hiraki ◽  
Eiji Harada ◽  
Ikuka Kobayashi ◽  
Takahiro Ohkubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
Dft Studies ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Zeolite Sample ◽  
Pressure Region ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent

The NaCaA-85 zeolite sample which works as an efficient adsorbent for CO2 at RT and in low pressure range was found and its specificity is nicely explained by the model composed of CO2 pinned by two types of Ca2+ ions through far-IR and DFT studies.

Molecular Tagging Velocimetry Measurements in Supersonic Micro Jets

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Lempert ◽  
Naibo Jiang ◽  
Subin Sethuram ◽  
Mo Samimy
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Statistical Uncertainty ◽  
Spectral Emission ◽  
Free Jets ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Molecular Tagging Velocimetry ◽  
Molecular Tagging ◽  
Ch Radical ◽  
Emitting Species

Abstract Acetone-based Molecular Tagging Velocimetry (MTV) is demonstrated in high sub-sonic and supersonic (Mach 1.8) nitrogen and air free jets produced by nozzles with exit dimensions of order 1 mm. Measurements are performed in the static pressure range 1–110 torr, with spatial resolution of approximately 10 microns. The statistical uncertainty (2σ) in velocity is found to be of order 6–10 m/sec, approximately independent of flow field pressure. Spectral emission scans indicate that under some circumstances, the CH radical is formed in the flow, which is believed to be the primary light emitting species in air flows.

The effect of pressure on carbon black/elastomer powders

1975 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Angerer ◽  
H. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Effect Of Pressure

scholarly journals Diamond anvil cell behavior up to 4 Mbar

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Cheng Ji ◽  
Wenge Yang ◽  
Junyue Wang ◽  
Ke Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Diamond Anvil Cell ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pressure Limit ◽  
Diamond Anvils ◽  
Diamond Anvil

The diamond anvil cell (DAC) is considered one of the dominant devices to generate ultrahigh static pressure. The development of the DAC technique has enabled researchers to explore rich high-pressure science in the multimegabar pressure range. Here, we investigated the behavior of the DAC up to 400 GPa, which is the accepted pressure limit of a conventional DAC. By using a submicrometer synchrotron X-ray beam, double cuppings of the beveled diamond anvils were observed experimentally. Details of pressure loading, distribution, gasket-thickness variation, and diamond anvil deformation were studied to understand the generation of ultrahigh pressures, which may improve the conventional DAC techniques.

Influence of Morphology and Particle Size of Powdered Rubber on Mill Processing

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Bleyie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Area Increase ◽  
Surface Area Increase ◽  
Powdered Rubber ◽  
Carbon Black Dispersion

Abstract The powdered rubber method leads to a considerable shortening of mill mixing time and hence to a reduction of the specific energy required. While the transition from granular material to powder (from above 1 mm to below 1 mm particle size) has considerable effect both on mixing time and on specific energy, the effect of size reduction on specific energy for sizes below 1 mm is substantially smaller than expected from the surface area increase, probably, because a large part of the energy is used for carbon black dispersion. No effect of specific surface on specific energy and mixing time was found.

The Effect of Pressure on the Aquation of Chromium(III) Complexes

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1644-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Gay ◽  
Robert Nalepa
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Dependence ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Side Process

The effect of pressure on the rates of aquation of Cr(NCS)63− and Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4− has been studied over the pressure range 1 to 2043 atm, at 50 ˆC. The activation volumes for these reactions are found to be 16 ± 2 and −2.4 ± 0.8 ml/mol, respectively. The pressure dependence of the activation volumes, (∂ΔV*/∂P)T, are 15 ± 5 and 0 ± 1 ml/katm mol, respectively. These results are consistent with a dissociative interchange (Id) process for the aquation of Cr(NCS)63− and an SN2 front-side process for the aquation of Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4−.

scholarly journals Effects of Surface Structure and Temperature on the Surface Mediation, Layer Concentration and Molecular Projection Area: Adsorption of Argon and Nitrogen onto Graphitized Thermal Carbon Black

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Do ◽  
H.D. Do ◽  
D. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Graphitized Thermal Carbon Black ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Argon Adsorption ◽  
Monolayer Coverage

This paper is devoted to an investigation of the effects of surface structure (structure-less or structured) on the description of the adsorption isotherm and the isosteric heat of nitrogen and argon adsorption onto graphitized thermal carbon black. It was found that the surface structure had little effect on the adsorption of either argon or nitrogen at 77 K and 87.3 K. The variation of the monolayer coverage concentration was also investigated as well as the concentrations of higher layers as a function of pressure and temperature. Finally, the commonly used values for the molecular projection area of nitrogen and argon for graphitized thermal carbon black (16.2 Å2 and 13.8 Å2) were revisited. For this material, a value of 15.5 Å2 is recommended for nitrogen at 77 K, while for the case of argon at the same temperature the recommended values of 13.8 Å2 and 12.94 Å2 are suggested for the reduced pressure range (0.1–0.2P/P0) and (0.25–0.35P/P0), respectively. A value of 14 Å2 for argon at 87.3 K is suggested for the BET plot over the reduced pressure range of 0.1–0.2P/P0.

scholarly journals High-Pressure Crystallization of iPP Nucleated with 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Sowinski ◽  
Ewa Piorkowska ◽  
Severine A. E. Boyer ◽  
Jean-Marc Haudin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Cooling Crystallization ◽  
Polycrystalline Aggregates ◽  
Pressure Crystallization

1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol (DMDBS) is highly effective in nucleation of the α- form of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). However, its role in high-pressure crystallization of iPP, facilitating the formation of the γ- polymorph, has not been explored. The present paper focuses on the influence of DMDBS on nucleation of high-pressure crystallization of iPP. iPP with 0.2–1.0 wt.% of the DMDBS was crystallized under elevated pressure, up to 300 MPa, in various thermal conditions, and then analyzed by PLM, WAXD, SEM, and DSC. During cooling, crystallization temperatures (Tc) were determined. It was found that under high-pressure DMDBS nucleated crystallization of iPP in the orthorhombic γ- form. As a consequence, Tc and the γ- form content increased for the nucleated iPP, while the size of polycrystalline aggregates decreased, although the effects depended on DMDBS content. The significant increase of Tc and the decrease of grain size under high pressure of 200–300 MPa required higher content of DMDBS than the nucleation of the α-form under lower pressure, possibly due to the effect of pressure on crystallization of DMDBS itself, which is a prerequisite for its nucleating activity.

Study on Pressure and Temperature Characteristics of Sensitive Rubber Composite

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Bing ◽  
Qin Lan ◽  
Wei Biao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Silica Filler ◽  
Rubber Composite

In order to design and fabricate the flexible force sensor , we have researched the piezoresistivity of silicon rubber/ carbon black composites and given the academic calculation formula between pressure and electrical resistivity. The experiments illustrate that the homogenization of carbon black and the elastic modulus of composites can be improved effectively by dispersing nanosize silica filler and using organic solvent . As a result , the piezoresistivity of composites can be improved. Carbon black content of 10% with good pressure-sensitive conductive rubber, heat-sensitive in a certain pressure range is also good.Moreover , the fore - sensitive device fabricated by the composites is free from the limitation of the surface shape of the tested objects which can be widely applied to various squeeze stress measurement on any regular and unregular curve surfaces.

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