Effect of Reinforcing Silica on Vulcanization, Network Structure, and Technical Properties of Natural Rubber

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Pal ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Silica Filler ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Failure Properties ◽  
Technical Properties

Abstract Reinforcement of silica filler in NR in the presence of a silane coupling agent (Si-69), and an additive (TEA) has been analyzed by studies on swelling of the vulcanizate, network structure, technical properties, and scanning electron micrographs. Failure properties in the presence of a coupling agent have been explained on the basis of coupling (polymer-filler) bonds. Improved flex endurance in the presence of TEA has been explained on the basis of good dispersion and better aging resistance of the TEA compounds. Network structure of the rubber during vulcanization undergoes only minor changes on addition of silica filler in the presence of both coupling agent and additive.

Studies of Polymer-Filler Interaction, Network Structure, Physical Properties, and Fracture of Silica-and Clay-Filled EPDM Rubber in the Presence of a Silane Coupling Agent

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Pal ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Epdm Rubber ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Tear Properties

Abstract 1. A silane coupling agent (Si-69) reduces the viscosity and increases the scorch lime in silica- and clay-filled EPDM. The cure lime of silica-filled mixes remained unchanged and that of clay-filled mixes increased on addition of Si-69. 2. In the presence of Si-69, the silica-EPDM system exhibits higher polymer-filler interaction than the clay-EPDM system. 3. Vulcanizates containing Si-69 exhibit higher apparent crosslink density and a higher proportion of polysulfidic crosslinks than the control vulcanizates. 4. Vulcanizates containing Si-69 show improved physical properties. Lower tensile and tear properties in vulcanizates with Si-69 at higher filler loadings is explained via a slippage mechanism. 5. SEM studies of fractured surfaces created under tension, tear, flexing, and abrasion have been made, and changes in the strength of the vulcanizates have been correlated with the fractographs.

Yeast as Coupling Agent for Corn Filler in Tyre Tread Compound

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Agrawal ◽  
S.K. Mandot ◽  
N. Mandal ◽  
S. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
R. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Silane Coupling

Tyre manufacturers are continually developing energy efficient, low rolling resistance tyres, using more and more naturally occurring materials, with minimum depletion of petroleum/natural resources. Of all the components of a typical tyre, the tread component contributes most to rolling resistance properties. So continuous efforts are in progress around the globe to develop suitable tread compounds in order to fulfil the above criteria with different filler combinations, including treated fillers. In the present study, the effect of a naturally occurring coupling agent, yeast, was investigated in the context of a corn – carbon black filler system, and the results were compared with those for corn powder treated with a silane coupling agent – carbon black system in a radial passenger tyre tread compound. The yeast increased polymer-filler interaction significantly by modifying the corn surface, giving rise to optimum properties for the tread compound.

scholarly journals Effects of TESPT-Silane Coupling Agent on Torque Properties and Degree of Filler Dispersion of Silica Filled Natural Rubber and Epoxidized Natural Rubbers Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Nabil Hayeemasae
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Silica Filler ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Filled Rubbers ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
Silica Dispersion ◽  
Minimum Torque

The effect of the addition of a bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetra sulphide or TESPT-silane coupling agent on torque properties and degree of filler dispersion of silica-filled compounds of natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubbers with 25% mole of epoxidation (ENR 25) and epoxidized natural rubbers with 50% mole of epoxidation (ENR 50) were investigated. All the rubbers were filled by silica filler at a fixed loading (30.0 parts per hundred rubber, phr) and the TESPT was added to each silica-filled rubbers compounds at 1.0phr. It was found that TESPT affected the torque properties of all the silica-filled rubbers compounds. The TESPT decreased the minimum torque of NR system but increased the minimum torque of ENRs systems and maximum and torque differences of the all rubbers systems. The minimum torque was decreased from 0.61 to 0.53 dN.m for NR; were increased from 0.23 to 0.49 dN.m for ENR 25 and from 0.07 to 0.34 dN.m for ENR 50.It was also found that the TESPT acted as an internal plasticizer for NR which improved the degree of silica dispersion. Presumably, for the ENRs, the TESPT acted as an additional cross linker with a more pronouncedly which poorer the degree of silica dispersion.

Study in Surface Modification of Silica in Silicone Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Sheng Liu ◽  
Dong Lai Li ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Zong Wang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Silica Filler ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Unmodified Silica ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Agent Treatment

Silica fillers are well known to improve the mechanical properties of elastomers.Nevertheless, the silica filler particles tend to aggregate and affect the properties of the elastomer. In the present study, the silica filler was modified by silane coupling agent (A-151) in order to improve the dispersion of the filler in silicone rubber. The composites samples added with surface treated silica filler was characterized by FT-IR, bound rubber, and fluorescent microscope with that reinforced by the unmodified filler as a comparison. FT-IR results evidences the successful surface modified by silane coupling agent. Bound rubber contents of the origin silica filler are much lower than that of the silica filler with the silane coupling agent treatment. The modified silica-filled shows a better dispersion than that of the origin silica filler and the agglomeration of filler occurs in the unmodified silica-filler compounds.

The Effects of Network Structure on the Resistance of Silane Coupling Agent Layers to Water-Assisted Crack Growth

Langmuir ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3246-3258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Benkoski ◽  
E. J. Kramer ◽  
H. Yim ◽  
M. S. Kent ◽  
J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling
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