The Application of Thermogravimetry (TG) to the Characterization and Quantitative Determination of Carbon Blacks

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Charsley ◽  
J. G. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Quality Control Check ◽  
Routine Quality Control ◽  
Definite Correlation

Abstract (1) The experimental variables which are found to affect significantly the measured T15 value for compounded carbon blacks are: (a) the maximum temperature achieved during the pyrolysis step and (b) the flow rate of air and the heating rate used during the oxidation step. (2) There is a definite correlation between the T15 value and the surface area of a carbon black, both in its free form and when compounded in a rubber. The T15 value is dependent on the cure method of the rubber and has also recently been reported to depend on the manufacturing source of the carbon black. This technique, therefore, cannot be recommended as suitable for the identification of a carbon black type in an unknown formulation. It can be used, however, as a routine quality control check on batch rubbers. (3) Thermogravimetry can be used as a rapid and accurate method for the determination of the carbon black content of rubbers, at levels as far apart as 0.1% and 30%.

Carbon Black Treadwear Ratings from Laboratory Tests

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Dannenberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Road Testing

Abstract It has been seen from the above survey that a few of the treadwear predictor correlations have the required accuracy to provide a satisfactory alternative to road testing of tires for the wear performance of carbon blacks, depending on requirements and circumstances. Correlations based on laboratory rubber testing of rubber mixes and tread compounds are to be preferred over those based solely on carbon black colloidal and morphological measurements. In the author's opinion, Cotten and Dannenberg's correlation of treadwear index with Angle Abrasion measurements of 30 phr compounds and heated bound rubber, and Westlinning and Wolff's correlation with rebound resilience, and the Monsanto Rheometer determination of αF are satisfactory in most instances for the prediction of the treadwear index behavior of carbon blacks.

Determination of Total Moisture in Carbon Blacks

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
G. M. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Air Condenser ◽  
Capillary Type ◽  
Time Required

Abstract IN THE course of an extended research on various grades of carbon black, determinations of total moisture were made by an adaptation of an old method. The method used was similar to one described by Allen and Jacobs (1) for measuring water in tar. The chief difference in the present method is that small amounts of moisture in carbon blacks must be weighed, whereas the larger amounts in tar could be measured. The difficulties in weighing the evolved moisture are described in the ensuing method of determination. Five grams of carbon black were placed in a 500-cc. round-bottom flask with 25 to 35 cc. of dry xylene and 200 cc. of dry mineral oil. A short air condenser led to the bottom of a 25-cc. distilling flask, which in turn was connected to two or more calcium chloride tubes. The flask containing the sample was heated to 150-175° C. in an oil bath, a stream of dry nitrogen being passed through the apparatus. The water and xylene were distilled into the small distilling flask and thence, by warming in a water bath, into the calcium chloride tubes, the current of nitrogen being continued. It required but a few minutes to remove the water from the xylene, indicated by the disappearance of cloudiness, and the calcium chloride tubes were then connected directly to the nitrogen line and the gas was passed through until the tubes reached constant weight. ylene is not adsorbed by calcium chloride and nitrogen does not remove water from it at room temperature during the time required for the experiment. The increase in weight of the calcium chloride tubes is the amount of water in the sample of carbon black. The amount of water thus determined is considerably higher than the 105° C. oven loss in 5 hours, and indicates that most of the moisture is of the “bound” or “capillary” type.

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