Liquid-Metal-Bath Stress-Strain Apparatus

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-790
Author(s):  
G. L. Hall ◽  
J. D. Rigby ◽  
J. W. Liska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Liquid Metal Bath ◽  
Base Polymer ◽  
Heating Medium

Abstract A simple, reliable apparatus for measuring stress-strain properties of vulcanizates at temperatures up to at least 800° F has been developed. The heating medium is a molten metal bath which provides uniform temperature distribution and rapid heat transfer while excluding atmospheric oxygen. Ultimate tensile strengths are in excellent agreement with those obtained in conventional air-oven tests. Stress relaxation tests show the effects of excluding atmospheric oxygen from the specimens. Somewhat higher ultimate elongations are obtained in the liquid-bath than in air-oven apparatus, for which possible reasons are suggested. Results on vulcanizates of heat-resistant polymers demonstrate that retention of physical properties at 500° F or 600° F cannot be safely predicted from data obtained at 400° F. The curing system, as well as the base polymer, is very important to high temperature resistance. In both Diene and butyl rubber compounds, for example, resin cures were superior in this respect to more conventional curing systems.

CERROBASE Alloy

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Eutectic Alloy ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Drop Hammer ◽  
Industrial Material ◽  
Liquid Metal Bath ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Bismuth Lead

Abstract CERROBASE Alloy is a bismuth-lead eutectic alloy that melts at 255 F (124 C). It is characterized by initial shrinkage followed by slow growth. Its low melting temperature and/or growth-shrinkage characteristics make it a useful industrial material. Among many applications, it is used for (1) anchoring inserts in wood, metal or plastics, (2) drop-hammer dies, (3) duplicate patterns in pottery and foundry, and (4) liquid metal bath for heat treating. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Bi-11. Producer or source: Cerro Metal Products.

scholarly journals Modification of a Solar Thermal Collector to Promote Heat Transfer inside an Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Absorber

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4100
Author(s):  
Rasa Supankanok ◽  
Sukanpirom Sriwong ◽  
Phisan Ponpo ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Walairat Chandra-ambhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
Heating Medium

Evacuated-tube solar collector (ETSC) is developed to achieve high heating medium temperature. Heat transfer fluid contained inside a copper heat pipe directly affects the heating medium temperature. A 10 mol% of ethylene-glycol in water is the heat transfer fluid in this system. The purpose of this study is to modify inner structure of the evacuated tube for promoting heat transfer through aluminum fin to the copper heat pipe by inserting stainless-steel scrubbers in the evacuated tube to increase heat conduction surface area. The experiment is set up to measure the temperature of heat transfer fluid at a heat pipe tip which is a heat exchange area between heat transfer fluid and heating medium. The vapor/ liquid equilibrium (VLE) theory is applied to investigate phase change behavior of the heat transfer fluid. Mathematical model validated with 6 experimental results is set up to investigate the performance of ETSC system and evaluate the feasibility of applying the modified ETSC in small-scale industries. The results indicate that the average temperature of heat transfer fluid in a modified tube increased to 160.32 °C which is higher than a standard tube by approximately 22 °C leading to the increase in its efficiency by 34.96%.

Noncoalescent liquid metal droplets sustained on a magnetic field-circulated liquid metal bath surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 083702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Lixiang Yang ◽  
Yujie Ding ◽  
Pengju Zhang ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Liquid Metal Bath ◽  
Metal Droplets

Heat Transfer in Cylindrical Pipes With Fully Established Turbulent Flow and Exposed to a Uniform Temperature Environment

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Goresh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Heat Equation ◽  
Jacobi Polynomials ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Uniform Wall Temperature ◽  
Temperature Problem ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Uniform Wall

The problem considered is that of determining the heat losses from a gas flowing turbulently in a poorly insulated pipe where the heat lost from the outer surface is by free convection and radiation. The approach employed in solving the heat equation is analogous to that first introduced by Latzko for the solution of the uniform wall temperature problem. Later, in 1957, Fettis obtained a solution to the same problem in terms of Jacobi polynomials. A method for coupling the inner convection with the environment is given in the later portion of the paper. The results obtained for a numerical case are also presented.

Heat and Mass Transfer Design of a Silicon Carbide Micro-Channel Heat Exchanger

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill A. Wilson ◽  
Michele Bullough ◽  
Kriston Brooks ◽  
Kurt Recknagle
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Ceramic Recuperator ◽  
Improve Heat Transfer ◽  
Higher Temperature

Efficiency and emissions of advanced gas turbine power cycles can be improved by incorporating high-temperature ceramic heat exchangers. In cooperation with the DOE, a highly effective microchannel ceramic recuperator for a microturbine is under development. In this recuperator, the use of microchannel architecture will improve heat transfer and provide a more uniform temperature distribution. This will result in overall higher productivity per unit volume compared to conventional hardware. The use of ceramic for the recuperator will allow higher temperature operation than available in conventional microturbines. Based on a model for a typical microturbine, these changes may improve the overall system efficiency from about 27% to over 40%.

Numerical analysis of natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation in a porous quadrantal cavity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 4826-4849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantanu Dutta ◽  
Arup Kumar Biswas ◽  
Sukumar Pati
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Porous Medium ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Bottom Wall ◽  
Natural Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temperature Heating

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the natural convection heat transfer and irreversibility characteristics in a quadrantal porous cavity subjected to uniform temperature heating from the bottom wall. Design/methodology/approach Brinkmann-extended Darcy model is used to simulate the momentum transfer in the porous medium. The Boussinesq approximation is invoked to account for the variation in density arising out of the temperature differential for the porous quadrantal enclosure subjected to uniform heating on the bottom wall. The governing transport equations are solved using the finite element method. A parametric study is carried out for the Rayleigh number (Ra) in the range of 103 to 106 and Darcy number (Da) in the range of 10−5-10−2. Findings A complex interaction between the buoyant and viscous forces that govern the transport of heat and entropy generation and the permeability of the porous medium plays a significant role on the same. The effect of Da is almost insignificant in dictating the heat transfer for low values of Ra (103, 104), while there is a significant alteration in Nusselt number for Ra ≥105 and moreover, the change is more intense for larger values of Da. For lower values of Ra (≤104), the main contributor of irreversibility is the thermal irreversibility irrespective of all values of Da. However, the fluid friction irreversibility is the dominant player at higher values of Ra (=106) and Da (=10−2). Practical implications From an industrial point of view, the present study will have applications in micro-electronic devices, building systems with complex geometries, solar collectors, electric machinery and lubrication systems. Originality/value This research examines numerically the buoyancy driven heat transfer irreversibility in a quadrantal porous enclosure that is subjected to uniform temperature heating from the bottom wall, that was not investigated in the literature before.

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