Ultrafine Recycled Rubber

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Swor ◽  
L. W. Jensen ◽  
M. Budzol
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Technical Advance ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
New Process ◽  
Recycled Rubber ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Unexpected Product ◽  
Processing Techniques

Abstract A technical advance in the size reduction of cured scrap rubber has been achieved by a new process. The performance of products whose particle dimensions are 90% under 20 µm in diameter has been described in this study. When small panicle size rubber made by this process is used to extend high quality compounds, the degree of retention of key properties of the extended compounds surpasses that of compounds extended with conventional recycled materials. Many unexpected product and process improvement characteristics have been reported. In most cases, the properties of the extended compound are close to those of the unextended compound, even at high loading levels. Initial trials using this unique paniculate rubber at up to 30% concentrations in bias-ply passenger tire treads have shown no performance deficiencies. The addition of RR does not require any special processing techniques, mixing cycles, or equipment. Substantial cost savings are possible by extending virgin rubber compounds with ultrafine recycled rubber.

Novel Coupling Agents for Silica-filled Rubbers with Superior Processing Safety and Improved Hysteresis of the Vulcanizates

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gerster ◽  
C. Fagouri ◽  
E. Peregi
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Tire Industry ◽  
Selective Functionalization ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Filled Rubbers ◽  
Ethanol Removal

Abstract One challenge facing green tire technology is to achieve good silica hydrophobation/dispersion within the polymer matrix without a detrimental increase in the rubber compound’s viscosity during compounding. This phenomenon is well known to be induced by premature and unwanted coupling and/or crosslinking of the traditional coupling agents. The current state-of-the-art polysulfides silanes, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide and to a lesser extent bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (“Product Application—VP Si 75/VP X 75-S in the Rubber Industry,” Degussa Hüls Report No. PA 723.1E), need to be carefully incorporated with careful temperature control during the rubber compounding to prevent this “scorchy” behavior. This paper will present novel monofunctional silanes which are suited for preparing highly silica-loaded rubber compounds of superior processability, while applying fewer mixing passes, thereby reducing mixing times which can lead to improved productivity and cost savings. Additionally, these safer coupling agents can be processed at higher temperatures which can, again, lead to reduced mixing time and better ethanol removal thereby improving the tire’s physical properties and reducing the volatile organic compounds generated during the tire’s use. The rubber compounds produced using these monofunctional silanes are characterized by lower Mooney viscosity and improved processability. Advantageously, within these novel chemical classes of coupling agents, selective functionalization of the silanes allows production of tailor-made coupling agents which can respond to the specific requirements of the tire industry (Vilgis, T. A. and Heinrich, G., “Die Physic des Autoreifens,” Physikalische Blätter, Vol. 57, 2001, pp. 1–7).

A Follow-On Biological Drug is not a Biogeneric: Lessons from Omnitrope and Valtropin

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Roth ◽  
Nicholas M. Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Biological Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Drug Developer ◽  
The Eu

Recent years have seen the approvals, more so in the EU than the United States, of follow-on biological drugs. These products have been new formulations of recombinant therapeutic proteins, developed to compete with the marketed originator products. Intended to closely mimic the originator products in terms of chemistry and therapeutic properties, these so-called ‘biosimilar’ products were initially conceived to be developed according to abbreviated development programmes, presumably at a substantial cost savings to both the drug developer and the consumer. With several such products now recently approved, however, it has become clear that their development programmes have been quite extensive and not particularly abbreviated. Accordingly, cost savings to consumers appear to be relatively modest.

A Case Study in Extended Value Engineering

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Anderson ◽  
R. Sturges
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Extended Value ◽  
Product And Process

Extended value engineering techniques provide an efficient, systematic approach to expose unnecessary costs, spur innovation, and direct efforts toward product and process improvement. Extended value engineering involves the comprehensive application of function diagramming, cost/cycle analysis, process diagramming, and competitive cost comparison. The application of these techniques to a mining equipment manufacturer, specifically to an ore haulage vehicle, is described in terms of cost reduction and manufacturing process improvement.

The factors behind working in virtual community

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hourly Basis ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose In this paper, the prior research on virtual teams was reviewed to assess the state of the literature. The purpose of this paper is to determine why individuals prefer working in virtual teams (also termed liquid workers and part-time workers). Previous researchers have focussed on the benefits that organizations receive if they hire liquid workers, but to date, no research has been conducted to determine the perspective of these liquid workers. The various definitions of virtual teams are discussed and an integrative definition is proposed that suggests all teams may be defined in terms of their extent of virtualness. Design/methodology approach A systematic review of the literature on virtual teams was conducted. The data were collected from 12 informants. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings Six main themes were identified, namely, pliability, opportunities, increased earnings, vigour, family and transportation. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted in a three-metropolitan city in India and warrants being extended to rural and international settings to gain additional insights and confirmation of the research findings. Practical implications It is suggested that organizations who recruit liquid workers will be in a position for substantial cost savings; this is because organizations usually make payment of liquid workers’ wages on an hourly basis. This will help the organizations to schedule the number of working hours depending on their needs. Originality/value The current study is novel as there is a paucity of research in identifying the factors behind working in the virtual community in India. This study presents the first research of its kind to the best knowledge of the author, and the findings will be valuable for companies who are looking for cost savings.

Documenting the Benefits and Cost Savings of a Large Multistate Cancer Pathway Program From a Payer's Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e241-e247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene D. Kreys ◽  
Jim M. Koeller
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathways ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Physician Compliance

Broadly implemented clinical pathways can achieve reasonable physician compliance, resulting in substantial cost savings.

Appropriateness of using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia in solid tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
Elahe Laali ◽  
Jinous Fazli ◽  
Sanambar Sadighi ◽  
Mehdi Mohammadi ◽  
Kheirollah Gholami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Introduction Febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the dose-limiting adverse effects of chemotherapy. Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors (G-CSFs) minimize the incidence of FN and reduce the risk of neutropenia complications. This study was conducted to address the prescription pattern of G-CSF for primary prophylaxis of FN during the first cycle of chemotherapy in solid tumors. Method This prospective observational study was done to investigate the G-CSF prescription pattern in patients receiving the first cycle of chemotherapy for solid tumors and compare it with the NCCN guideline recommendations. Result Based on the guideline, prophylactic G-CSF administration was indicated in 26 of the 96 patients (27.1%) and all of them received G-CSF. On the other hand, 70 patients (72.9%) did not meet the guideline criteria for prophylaxis, but 60 (62.5%) of them received G-CSF. Seven doses of pegfilgrastim and 165 doses of filgrastim were used inappropriately in the study population, which was associated with an economic burden of about 224.7 million IRR (5350 USD). Conclusion Taken together, inconsistencies with the guideline were observed in this prospective evaluation, suggesting that submitting rationalized policies to decrease G-CSF prescription, especially in patients with a lower or intermediate FN risk, yields substantial cost savings.

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