Elastomers in the Automotive Industry

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Test Specifications ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Do So

Abstract This paper sets out to demonstrate the present status of elastomer usage in passenger and commercial vehicles and at the same time to enumerate the requirements of the various components. As clearly shown, elastomers play a major role in car design, so important in fact, that considerable research and development has been devoted to the improvement of individual elastomer components. This is illustrated by the considerable fundamental work in material science, the associated establishment of test specifications, and the comparison of material requirements as known from practical experience and the performance patterns of the various elastomers. With reference to the application of individual elastomers for specific purposes, it has been indicated how the development of certain materials has slowed down, while further progress is still feasible with others. To do so, will require considerable effort on the part of the automotive and rubber industries.

In Pursuit of Interoperability

2011 ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Moseley ◽  
Steve Randall ◽  
Anthony Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Testing Methodology ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
Test Specifications ◽  
Interoperability Testing ◽  
Competence Centre

Traditionally, conformance testing has been the domain of the telecommunications industry, while interoperability testing has mainly been limited to the Internet world. Many see these as either/or solutions, ignoring the fact that recent experience shows that both approaches have their strengths when used wisely. This paper discusses the merits and shortcomings of each approach and shows how they can usefully be combined to maximise the effectiveness of the testing process. This is especially relevant where testing is being treated as a potential branding issue by various fora. This paper is based on many years of practical experience of writing test specifications at the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It presents ETSI standardisation activities on testing, including the development of a generic interoperability testing methodology and the work being done by the Technical Committee Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS), the ETSI Protocol and Testing Competence Centre (PTCC), and the ETSI PlugtestsTM service.

The Protection of Rubber against Atmospheric Ozone—Cracking

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Dynamic Exposure ◽  
Fair Degree ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract The cracking of rubber by atmospheric ozone is now a well-known phenomenon and for a number of years rubber scientists and technologists have devoted considerable effort to combating it. While the differences of opinion and the confusion of data in this work are sometimes more conspicuous than the successes, nevertheless, there has been considerable success. In spite of the existence of large areas of uncertainty, much progress has been made. A new word, “antiozonant”, has been added to the vocabulary of the rubber man. The substances so designated, together with waxes already well known, enable the compounder to protect natural and synthetic rubbers against both static and dynamic exposure to a fair degree, and this in spite of the fact, now recognized, that certain urban atmospheres may contain much higher concentrations of ozone than were formerly considered normal. In addition, the synthetic polymer chemist has made available a number of commercial rubbers which, because they are saturated, are not at all vulnerable to ozone attack, and serve in many special applications in which extreme resistance to ozone is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to review the present status of the antiozone work.

Report on the 1989 Kiel Convention

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
International Phonetic Alphabet ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Computational Aspects ◽  
Successes And Failures

From 18 to 21 August 1989 approximately 120 members of the Association (and a few guests) met in Kiel, West Germany, to work on revisions of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). There had been a great deal of preparation for this convention, involving the soliciting of opinion by mail on a wide range of topics, and considerable research on the present status of the IPA. A previous issue of this journal, JIPA 18(2), collected a number of these preparatory opinions. At the convention itself there were five major working groups which met almost continuously for the first two days. Three groups considered consonants, vowels and suprasegmentals; the other two considered computational aspects of the IPA, and the needs of speech pathologists and others for extensions of the IPA. In addition there were groups concerned with the principles on which the IPA should be based, the form of presentation of the IPA, past successes and failures, and methods of illustration of the IPA. The groups reported back to the whole at intervals, and on the last day the convention met in a series of plenary sessions to consider and vote on the final working reports. The following is a compilation of six of the group reports reflecting the results of the discussions and votes of the plenary sessions. The Association is very grateful to the co-ordinators and co-chairs of the groups. Most of the wording below is taken directly from their reports; in accordance with the traditions of the Association, this report is presented without attribution to particular authors.

Innovating Across Cultural Boundaries: Applying Conflict Theory to Develop a Common Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Wong ◽  
Dean Tjosvold
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The West ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Do So

AbstractDiversity of people and perspectives can contribute to the ability of teams to develop and implement innovation in organizations. However, to do so they must manage their conflicts. Considerable research in the West and recent studies in China have documented the value of a cooperative approach to conflict for teamwork and innovation in collectivist as well as individualist cultures. When team members attempt to resolve their disputes for mutual benefit, they have been found to make high quality decisions to which they are committed. This article proposes that diverse people can use this theory to develop common values, norms, and procedures that are accessible and effective for all cultural groups.

Some Recent British White Papers

1943 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
W. Hardy Wickwar
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Enterprise System ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Do So ◽  
Governmental Action

The Beveridge, Scott, and Uthwatt reports are all concerned with the widening framework of governmental action within which our free enterprise system operates. None of them is revolutionary. The Scott report has even been called reactionary. The Beveridge and Uthwatt reports are based on a generation of practical experience. In their attempt to infuse a few clear principles into future policy, these two great reports, in their different ways, point towards greater order and system, the smoothing away of anomalies, the filling in of gaps. Procedures which have served certain categories of people or certain localities, they attempt to make universally and equally available to all people or to all localities. They mark a decisive step in the passage from the fragmentariness that is inseparable from experiment to the universality that is characteristic of good government.Sir William Beveridge's plan for social security is nothing less than an attempt to abolish want by redistributing income. He assumes that society has somehow to pay the cost of privation in any case, and therefore might as well do so consciously and deliberately through the instrumentality of government.

scholarly journals Trucks without Bailouts: Equilibrium Product Characteristics for Commercial Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1364-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Wollmann
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Product Entry ◽  
Vehicle Market

The entry and exit of products, rather than firms, serve as the main equilibrating force in many markets, so accurately predicting changes from a merger or bankruptcy should incorporate this behavior. This paper estimates a structural model of the US commercial vehicle market and demonstrates the importance of allowing for endogenous product offerings in the context of the $85 billion automotive industry bailout in 2009. Under alternate policies that facilitate an acquisition or liquidation of GM and Chrysler, product entry and exit moderate markup increases and output decreases by up to three-quarters. (JEL D22, G33, G34, H81, L13, L62)

scholarly journals Sustainable improvement and evaluation of the shifting smoothness of vehicle transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Li ◽  
Chujin Hu ◽  
Zhenwen Chen ◽  
Chunhui Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Shift Quality ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Shift Performance

AbstractEnergy savings and environmental protection are the only way for the sustainable development of the automotive industry. The poor shifting performance of automobile transmission may reduce the driver's driving pleasure and make the driver feel tired. In addition, improper shifting would also increase fuel consumption. Therefore, in view of the importance of improving the shift performance of vehicle transmission, GSA testing technology was employed for the existing shift quality problems of commercial vehicles to continuously realize high shifting efficiency and low fuel consumption. Through the establishment of subjective and objective evaluation criteria of the experimentally determined shift performance of commercial vehicles, a reliable theoretical basis is provided for product optimization design and shift performance evaluation. As a result, the shift control strategy and optimization matching measures are formulated to ensure that the power, smoothness and transmission of the whole vehicle system meet the technical requirements and finally achieve a rapid and stable gearshift. Thus, this work unveils the high potential of improving the shift performance and quality of the whole vehicle and is expected to have an impact on reducing fuel consumption and emissions in the relevant automotive industry, contributing to the establishment of a more sustainable society.

scholarly journals Innovation or Stagnation – Social Work Organisations as Models of Behaviour for Clients

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Mannie Sher
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Work Strategies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Welfare Agencies ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
Do So

Tavistock Institute of Human Relations1T: (+44) 020 7417 0407F: (+44) 020 7417 0566E: [email protected]:www.tavinstitute.orgW: www.grouprelations.comPresented at the conference:Reconstructing social work strategies in relation to authority and powerUniversity of Vilnius8th November 2013 SummaryThe profession of social work is fundamentally concerned about the persisting problems of socially alienated people and communities. Social work, by relying on its long heritage of practical experience, intelligent conceptual models and leading edge methodologies for change, works consistently to develop radically different approaches to helping clients. They do so by challenging the government, welfare agencies and charities to review their strategies and practices across society as a whole. The profession of social work also has to manage the tension between a prevailing view of welfare services as a burden on the public purse and one which views welfare services as being for the good of society as a whole. Social policies and good social work services are a wise form of endowment in the potential of individuals and communities whose considerable resources and strengths for their and society’s mutual benefit are otherwise wasted.Key words: welfare; social work; sustainability; alienation; autonomy and independence; power and authority.

Part VII Rights, Ch.44 Legality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagher Dan
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Common ◽  
Normative Justification ◽  
Principle Of Legality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter identifies and explores the relationship between the common law principle of legality and the Australian Constitution. To this end, the chapter considers in some detail how the courts might use the Constitution to provide a stronger normative justification for the principle, better fix the content of the rights it operates to protect, and inform how it is applied. The analysis undertaken is based on the view that much of the recent (and likely future) development of the principle in Australia—indeed the principles of statutory interpretation more generally—may well be constitutionally driven. To do so, the present status of the principle of legality is outlined in this chapter. Its evolution in Australian law and the key points of doctrinal controversy and methodological disagreement are also traced and identified.

scholarly journals Dashboard design and the ‘datafied’ driving experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172110498
Author(s):  
Sam Hind
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Do So

In this article, I consider how the redesign of vehicle dashboards has restructured car-related data processes. I do so by charting the emergence of two such processes enabled by the redesign of vehicle dashboards: firstly, the transformation of ‘geodata’ into ‘navigational data’ with the integration of voice-activated navigation systems into vehicle dashboards, and secondly, the transformation of ‘vehicle data’ into ‘driving data’ in the convergence, and customization, of dashboard features and functionality. Both transformations are enabled through strategic design decisions, persuading drivers to participate in novel practices they might otherwise not. Firstly, in that voice-activation is depicted as a seamless, unmediated interface between the normal, natural speech of a driver, and the vehicle itself. Secondly, through the strategy of control, the driver is persuaded to believe they have full(er) customizable power within, and of, Firstly, in that voice-activation is depicted as a seamless, unmediated interface between the normal, natural speech of a driver, and the vehicle itself. Secondly, through the strategy of control, the driver is persuaded to believe they have full(er) customizable power within, and of, the vehicle. The systems discussed here – a voice-activated navigation system built on the What3words platform, and a ‘widescreen’ dashboard in a range of Mercedes-Benz vehicles – are representative of broader efforts within the automotive industry to cultivate a newly ‘datafied’ driving experience.

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