scholarly journals Globoramichloridium delicatum and Heteroconium simile spp. nov. from southern China

Mycotaxon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-586
Author(s):  
Ling Qiu ◽  
Xu-Gen Shi ◽  
Xiu-Guo Zhang ◽  
Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruíz ◽  
Ji-Wen Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Anamorphic Fungi ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Yellowish Green

Two new anamorphic fungi, Globoramichloridium delicatum and Heteroconium simile, collected from dead branches of unidentified broadleaf trees in Jiangxi Province, China, are described and illustrated. Globoramichloridium delicatum is characterized by unicellular, subglobose to narrow subnapiform, yellowish-green conidia. Heteroconium simile is distinguished by its monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate conidiogenous cells that produce acrogenous, blastocatenate, dimorphic, 0–1-septate, smooth conidia.

scholarly journals Identifying Human-Induced Spatial Differences of Soil Erosion Change in a Hilly Red Soil Region of Southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3103
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Xiaohuan Yang ◽  
Hongyan Cai ◽  
Zuolin Xiao ◽  
Dongrui Han
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spatial Differences

Soil erosion (SE) processes are closely related to natural conditions and human activities, posing a threat to environment and society. Identifying the human impact on regional SE changes is increasingly essential for pertinent SE management. Jiangxi province is studied here as a representative area of hilly-red-soil regions within southern China. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the changing trend of SE within Jiangxi and identify human impacts on regional SE change from the perspective of spatial differences, through a new approach based on a gravity-center model. Our results showed that SE status presented an overall amelioration from 1990 to 2015, while the average soil erosion modulus (SEM) declined from 864 to 281 Mg/(km2·a). Compared to the situation under human and natural impacts, human-induced spatial differences of SE change demonstrated that the western and northwest regions showed stronger negative effects; the southern region shifted towards negative effects; the northeast region presented a much weaker negative effect. Our results indicated that 4 cities with strong negative effects need more attention in further SE management suited to their local conditions and development, and also suggested that the approach based on a gravity-center has potential for identifying the human impact on regional SE change from the perspective of spatial patterns.

scholarly journals First Report of Cylindrocladium Black Rot of Peanut Caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum (Teleomorph Calonectria ilicicola) in Jiangxi Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gai ◽  
Q. Deng ◽  
R. Pan ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
M. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Cylindrocladium Parasiticum ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Reddish Orange

In July 2010, a serious disease of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) resembling Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) was found in Longnan County, Jiangxi Province, China. Symptoms included chlorotic, yellowish and blighted leaves, and wilting of the plants. Taproots and hypocotyls were blackened and rotted. Clusters of reddish orange spherical fruiting bodies appeared in the lesions present on basal stems, pegs, pods, and roots of peanut. Disease incidence reached as much as 50% in some patches of the field. Plants with symptoms were sampled from fields. Microscopic examination revealed that the reddish orange, spherical fruiting bodies were the perithecia and measured 461.6 (337.5 to 609.4) × 395.5 (309.4 to 496.9) μm. With gentle pressure, asci and ascospores were exuded from perithecia. The asci were hyaline, thin walled, and long stalked. Ascospores were hyaline, falcate with one septum, and measured 43.5 (27.3 to 54.5) × 5.6 (4.1 to 6.8) μm with a length/width (L/W) ratio of 7.8 ± 1.3. A fungus with white-to-pale buff border mycelia and yellowish brown pigment was consistently isolated from the edge of basal stem lesions on potato dextrose agar at 25°C. Mycelia grew at temperatures ranging from 8 to 32°C and the optimum was 25 to 26°C. To determine the species, single-conidial isolates of the fungus were cultured on carnation leaf agar for 7 days at 25°C and 12 h of light/dark conditions. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical with one to three septa (mostly three septa), and measured 49.3 (27.3 to 70.9) × 5.9 (4.1 to 6.8) μm with L/W ratio of 8.4 ± 1.6. Vesicles were globose and measured 5.5 to 10.9 μm in diameter. The fungus was identified as Cylindrocladium parasiticum (teleomorph Calonectria ilicicola) (1,2). A PCR assay was conducted on one representative isolate (JXLN32) by analyzing multilocus sequences of the TUB2 (coding β-tubulin protein), ACT (coding actin), and CaM gene (coding calmodulin protein) and were amplified and sequenced using the primers reported by Crous et al. (3). Sequences of the studied DNA regions were submitted to GenBank (Accession Nos. TUB2: JF429649; ACT: JQ070809; and CaM: JQ070808). BLAST searches with the existing sequences in GenBank showed that there was 99 to 100% identity with the existing sequences of C. ilicicola (GenBank Accession Nos. TUB2: AY725643; ACT: GQ280446; and CaM: GQ267402). To complete Koch's postulates, inoculum was prepared by mixing the microsclerotia (MS) suspension of the isolate (JXLN32) with soil at a proportion of 10 MS per g of soil. Ten replicate plastic pots containing five peanut seeds (cv. Yueyou 7) each were planted and placed in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2°C. The same number of peanut seeds was used as an uninoculated control. Typical basal stem and roots rot symptoms of CBR were observed in 2 months and C. parasiticum was reisolated from these inoculated diseased plants. No symptoms were detected on the control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first finding of Cylindrocladium black rot in Jiangxi Province, which is the main peanut-producing area in China. The disease has been previously reported in Guangdong Province in southern China but is not known elsewhere (4). Because of its ability to spread through seed and soil and its destructive potential, this pathogen may pose a serious threat to peanut production in China. References: (1) D. K. Bell and E. K. Sobers. Phytopathology 56:1361, 1966. (2) P. W. Crous et al. Mycol. Res. 97:889, 1993. (3) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:415, 2004. (4) R. Pan et al. Plant Pathol. 58:1176, 2009.

VERTICAL VARIATIONS IN THE MINERALOGY OF THE YICHUN TOPAZ LEPIDOLITE GRANITE, JIANGXI PROVINCE, SOUTHERN CHINA

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Huang ◽  
R. C. Wang ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
H. Hu ◽  
C. S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Vertical Variations

scholarly journals Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2171
Author(s):  
Linhua Ma ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yuanlai Cui ◽  
Yuanzhi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Methane Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Methane (CH4) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide (CO2), and paddy fields are among the largest sources of CH4 emissions. Owing to the scarcity of observational data, the characteristics and influencing factors of CH4 fluxes in paddy fields at different timescales need to be further investigated. Observations of CH4 fluxes via eddy covariance (EC) data were performed over four seasons in two paddy fields in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. The pattern, magnitude and biophysical controls of CH4 emissions were explored by wavelet analysis and stepwise multiplicative modelling. The results revealed a distinct, single-peak diurnal pattern in CH4 fluxes during the vegetative stage in all four rice growing seasons and the reproductive stage of early rice. Large seasonal variations in daily CH4 emissions were observed in the two double-cropping paddy fields, and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm (Ts5) explained most of the seasonality of the CH4 fluxes. At the inter-seasonal scale, under local farms’ traditional field management method, reducing the amount and frequency of irrigation during the vegetative stage could decrease CH4 emissions in southern China. This study improves the understanding of CH4 emissions and helps in developing GHG management strategies for paddy fields.

scholarly journals tale-Based Genetic Diversity of Chinese Isolates of the Citrus Canker Pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1187-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Ye ◽  
Ni Hong ◽  
Li-Fang Zou ◽  
Hua-Song Zou ◽  
Muhammad Zakria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Internal Repeat ◽  
Pathogenicity Determinant ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker

Pathotype A of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, the cause of citrus bacterial canker (CBC), is assumed to have originated in southern China. PthA, a type III secreted transcriptional activator-like effector (TALE), is a major pathogenicity determinant in X. citri subsp. citri. To investigate the diversity of X. citri subsp. citri in China, genomic and plasmid DNA of 105 X. citri subsp. citri isolates, collected from nine citrus-growing provinces of China, were digested by BamHI and hybridized with an internal repeat region of pthA. Strains were classified into 14 different genotypes (designated A to N) based on the number and size of pthA homologues. Genotypes B and G represented 19 and 62% of the isolate collection, respectively. Genotypes J and L lacked pthA or a pthA-hybridizing fragment and were less virulent on grapefruit (C. paradisi) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) compared with strains containing pthA or a pthA homologue. The virulence of genotypes J and L was increased when the wild-type pthA was introduced. Genotype I, which was isolated from sweet orange in Jiangxi province, caused typical canker symptoms and may contain a novel pthA-like gene. To our knowledge, this is the first description of genetic diversity in Chinese CBC strains based on tale gene analysis.

New Microsatellite DNA Primers for Chimonanthus grammatus Peculiarly Distributed in Southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4509-4511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Jiang ◽  
Yi Xin Liu ◽  
Zhi Bin Zhang ◽  
Shun Bao Lu ◽  
Jiu Sheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
Est Sequence ◽  
Dna Primers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

Chimonanthus grammatus M.C.Liu is an endangered and national-protected medicinal plant species with highly restricted geographical distribution and disjunctly locates in the border area of Anyuan and Huichang county of Jiangxi province, China. In this study, we developed ten microsatellite loci for this species for the first time. Nine of them was screened by combining biotin capture method to enrich (CA)15 /(GA)15 microsatellites, and one primer is designed from one EST sequence (DW222670) of Chimonanthus praecox. Ten microsatellite primers were found to be polymorphic through screening 30 individuals. Na was from two to eighteen. Ho and He ranged from 0.233 to 0.933 and 0.326 to 0.898, respectly. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was from 0.316 to 0.890. Ten microsatellite primers will be useful to investigate the genetic structure of Chimonanthus grammatus M.C.Liu and to explain its morphological differentiation from another species in Chimonanthus.

scholarly journals Red Soils Harbor Diverse Culturable Actinomycetes That Are Promising Sources of Novel Secondary Metabolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 3086-3103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Guo ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Xiaomin Li ◽  
Yun Ding ◽  
Fei Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis

ABSTRACTRed soils, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, are characterized by low organic carbon, high content of iron oxides, and acidity and, hence, are likely to be ideal habitats for acidophilic actinomycetes. However, the diversity and biosynthetic potential of actinomycetes in such habitats are underexplored. Here, a total of 600 actinomycete strains were isolated from red soils collected in Jiangxi Province in southeast China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a high diversity of the isolates, which were distributed into 26 genera, 10 families, and 7 orders within the classActinobacteria; these taxa contained at least 49 phylotypes that are likely to represent new species within 15 genera. The isolates showed good physiological potentials for biosynthesis and biocontrol. Chemical screening of 107 semirandomly selected isolates spanning 20 genera revealed the presence of at least 193 secondary metabolites from 52 isolates, of which 125 compounds from 39 isolates of 12 genera were putatively novel. Macrolides, polyethers, diketopiperazines, and siderophores accounted for most of the known compounds. The structures of six novel compounds were elucidated, two of which had a unique skeleton and represented characteristic secondary metabolites of a putative novelStreptomycesphylotype. These results demonstrate that red soils are rich reservoirs for diverse culturable actinomycetes, notably members of the familiesStreptomycetaceae,Pseudonocardiaceae, andStreptosporangiaceae, with the capacity to synthesize novel bioactive compounds.

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