scholarly journals Notes on some Japanese smut fungi. 6. Macalpinomyces arundinellae-setosae and Sporisorium doidgeae newly recorded, and new hosts of Anthracoidea microsora

Mycotaxon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Cvetomir M. Denchev ◽  
Tomomi Masaki ◽  
Kanade Otsubo ◽  
Teodor T. Denchev
Keyword(s):  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Hosts

Reaction of Hordeum species to the smut fungi Ustilago nuda and U. tritici

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2024-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Eleven Species

Eleven species of Hordeum were tested for their reaction to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. and U. tritici (Pers.) Rostr., the causes of the embryo-infecting loose smuts of cultivated barley and wheat, respectively. The species Hordeum chilense and H. depressum were resistant, while H. euclaston, H. halophilum, H. procerum, H. pusillum, and H. stenostachys were susceptible to both fungi. Hordeum muticum was susceptible only to U. nuda, while H. arizonicum, H. lechleri, and H. roshevitzii were susceptible only to U. tritici. The susceptible species are new hosts for these pathogens. It is proposed that these results, together with those of an earlier study, indicate that U. nuda evolved from U. tritici.

New records and new hosts of smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) from Cuba

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
José Manuel Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Meike Piepenbring
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Hosts

scholarly journals The smut fungi of Greenland

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 1-164
Author(s):  
Teodor T. Denchev ◽  
Henning Knudsen ◽  
Cvetomir M. Denchev
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Polar Species ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
New Hosts

The first taxonomic treatment of the smut fungi in Greenland is provided. A total of 43 species in 11 genera are treated and illustrated by photographs of sori, microphotographs of spores in LM and SEM, and distribution maps. Two species, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae and Urocystis tothii, are recorded as new from North America. Thirteen species, Anthracoidea altera, A. capillaris, A. limosa, A. liroi, A. pseudofoetidae, A. scirpoideae, A. turfosa, Microbotryum lagerheimii, M. stellariae, Schizonella elynae, Stegocintractia luzulae, Urocystis fischeri, and U. tothii, are reported for the first time from Greenland. Three new fungus-host combinations, Anthracoidea capillaris on Carex boecheriana, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae on Carex maritima, and Urocystis tothii on Juncus biglumis, are given. Five plant species are reported as new hosts of smut fungi in Greenland, namely, Carex nigra for Anthracoidea heterospora, C. canescens for Anthracoidea karii, C. fuliginosa subsp. misandra for Anthracoidea misandrae, C. maritima for Orphanomyces arcticus, and C. fuliginosa subsp. misandra for Schizonella melanogramma. Three species, Microbotryum violaceum s. str. (recorded as ‘Ustilago violacea’), Urocystis anemones, and U. junci, which were previously reported from Greenland, are considered wrongly identified. Additional distribution records are given for 12 species from Greenland: Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. caricis, A. elynae, A. lindebergiae, A. misandrae, A. nardinae, A. rupestris, A. scirpi, Schizonella melanogramma, Stegocintractia hyperborea, Urocystis agropyri, and U. sorosporioides. The most numerous distribution groups are the following: circumpolar–alpine and Arctic–alpine species – 14; circumboreal–polar species – 10; and circumpolar and Arctic species – 6. The most widely distributed smut fungi in Greenland were Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, and M. vinosum. Most species were found in the High Arctic zone (29 species), while from the Low Arctic zone and the Subarctic zone, 26 and 19 species were known, respectively. Ten species, Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. capillaris, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, M. koenigiae, M. pustulatum, M. silenes-acaulis, M. vinosum, Schizonella elynae, and Urocystis sorosporioides, were recorded from all three zones. Only plants belonging to six families, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, out of a total of 55 in the flora of Greenland, hosted smut fungi. Cyperaceae was the plant family with most host species (23). Carex was the genus with the highest number of host species (22). The total number of the host plants (45 species) was 8.5 % out of a total of 532 vascular plants in the flora of Greenland. A new combination in Carex, C. macroprophylla subsp. subfilifolia, is proposed for Kobresia filifolia subsp. subfilifolia.

scholarly journals New records of Microbotryum species parasitizing Caryophyllaceae from Ukraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyrylo G. Savchenko ◽  
Vasyl P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Lychnis Viscaria ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
A New Species

Four records of smut fungi belonging to the genus <em>Microbotryum</em> Lév.are reported. Two species were found on new hosts, namely <em>M. dianthorum</em> on <em>Dianthus borbasii</em> and <em>D. pseudoserotinus</em> and <em>M. superbum</em> on <em>D. stenocalyx. Microbotryum lagerhemii</em> on <em>Lychnis viscaria</em> is a new species for Ukraine.

Ultrastructure of meiosis and the spindle pole body cycle in freeze-substituted basidia of the smut fungi Ustilago maydis and Ustilago avenae

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Late Prophase ◽  
Prophase I ◽  
Pole Body ◽  
Middle Piece

Meiosis in the smut fungi Ustilago maydis and Ustilago avenae (Basidiomycota, Ustilaginales) was studied by electron microscopy of serial-sectioned freeze substituted basidia. At prophase I, a spindle pole body composed of two globular elements connected by a middle piece was attached to the extranuclear surface of each nucleus. Astral and spindle microtubules were initiated at each globular element at late prophase I to prometaphase I. During spindle initiation, the middle piece disappeared and interdigitating half-spindles entered the nucleoplasm, which was surrounded by discontinuous nuclear envelope together with perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum. Kinetochore pairs at metaphase I were analyzed to obtain a karyotype for each species. The meiotic spindle pole body replicational cycle is described. Key words: electron microscopy, freeze-substitution, meiosis, Ustilago, spindle pole body.

Erpobdellid Leeches as New Hosts for the Nematomorph, Gordius sp.

1971 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy T. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
New Hosts

scholarly journals Different Abilities of Escape Mutant-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells To Suppress Replication of Escape Mutant and Wild-Type Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in New Hosts

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Fujiwara ◽  
Junko Tanuma ◽  
Hirokazu Koizumi ◽  
Yuka Kawashima ◽  
Kazutaka Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Escape Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Ctls ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hla Molecules

ABSTRACT There is much evidence that in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune pressure results in the selection of HIV-1 mutants that have escaped from wild-type-specific CTLs. If escape mutant-specific CTLs are not elicited in new hosts sharing donor HLA molecules, the transmission of these mutants results in the accumulation of escape mutants in the population. However, whether escape mutant-specific CTLs are definitively not elicited in new hosts sharing donor HLA molecules still remains unclear. A previous study showed that a Y-to-F substitution at the second position (2F) of the Nef138-10 epitope is significantly detected in HLA-A*2402+ hemophilic donors. Presently, we confirmed that this 2F mutant was an escape mutant by demonstrating strong and weak abilities of Nef138-10-specific CTL clones to suppress replication of the wild-type and 2F mutant viruses, respectively. We demonstrated the existence of the 2F-specific CTLs in three new hosts who had been primarily infected with the 2F mutant. The 2F-specific CTL clones suppressed the replication of both wild-type and mutant viruses. However, the abilities of these clones to suppress replication of the 2F virus were much weaker than those of wild-type-specific and the 2F-specific ones to suppress replication of the wild-type virus. These findings indicate that the 2F mutant is conserved in HIV-1-infected donors having HLA-A*2402, because the 2F-specific CTLs failed to completely suppress the 2F mutant replication and effectively prevented viral reversion in new hosts carrying HLA-A*2402.

scholarly journals The genetics ofUstilago maydis

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Microbial Genetics ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Haploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
The Individual

1. Many of the Ustilaginales, or smut fungi, appear to have the qualities necessary for the application of modern techniques of microbial genetics.Ustilago maydisis considered the most suitable species.2. Investigations of the mating system confirm reports that the production of diploid brandspores in the host is controlled by alleles at two loci.3. Genetic markers were obtained by inducing mutations in a wild-type strain with ultra-violet light. Of 100 biochemical mutants which were isolated, the growth requirements of 94 were identified. Thirty of these were used in genetic tests.4. The compact growth of colonies on artificial media allowed new techniques to be developed by means of which large samples of progeny could be isolated and identified easily. The analysis of brandspore colonies consisting of the products of single meiotic divisions is the quickest method for detecting linkage, but its accurate measurement appears to be achieved by examining the individual members of tetrads.5. Linkage was detected relatively rarely, but eight markers, including theamating-type locus, were assigned to one or other of two linkage groups. Although recombination values were not always determined accurately owing to irregular basidiospore germination, the auxotrophic markers in each group could be mapped in a linear order. Since no indication of other linkage groups was obtained, the genetic evidence is so far consistent with cytological reports that the basic haploid chromosome number is two in the smut fungi.6. Three linked markers were used to investigate chromatid interference by tetrad analysis. None was detected in a total of eighteen double exchanges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document