scholarly journals Head and Hands: Arthur van Schendel and Henricus Mertens, and Their Unique Role in the Development of the Rijksmuseum’s Paintings Restoration Studio (1930-70)

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-273
Author(s):  
Esther Van Duijn
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Nineteen Thirties ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Technical Research ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship

The unique character of a present-day conservator lies in the rare combination of working at an academic level with your head and at a craftsman level with your hands. This has not always been the case. Historically the role of a restorer was that of a technician, craftsman and artist, while that of the museum curator was that of a thinker, writer and academic. This article focuses on the relationship between the curator and later director, Arthur François Emile van Schendel, and the paintings restorer Henricus Hubertus Mertens. Both started their careers in the museum in the early nineteen-thirties. Van Schendel’s interest in restoration and technical research may have been kindled at that time, but was fanned during the war, when he worked with the museum’s two paintings restorers – Mertens and his colleague Christiaan Jenner – to preserve the paintings collection under difficult circumstances. After the war, Van Schendel continued to develop in this field and quickly became an internationally recognised authority. He was closely involved in the treatment of Rembrandt’s Night Watch, carried out by Mertens in 1946 and 1947. It brought the museum international acclaim and Mertens became known as the specialist in the restoration of Rembrandt paintings. Although the relationship between Mertens and Van Schendel became more distant as the decades progressed, the post-war paintings restoration studio grew into a renowned department with three permanent restorers and many national and international students. While Van Schendel was a key figure in the international field of restoration and technical research, for example as one of the founders of ICC, ICOM Care of Paintings and ICCROM, Mertens played a more modest role. His legacy was the paintings he left behind. His expertise was disseminated at a national and international level through his students. And so both Van Schendel and Mertens played their own unique role in bringing the restoration department of the museum internationally into view.

scholarly journals Public policy, public utility and citizens: The impact of privatization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαντώ Λαμπροπούλου (Manto Lampropoulou)
Keyword(s):  
Public Utility ◽  
Network Industries ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past two decades, utilities policy in Greece has been steadily shifting towards privatization and liberalization. This shift signified a critical reconsideration of the boundaries and the dynamics of the relationship between the state and the market in network industries. Public debate usually focuses on issues of ownership of public enterprises and economic performance. On the contrary, this book places the emphasis on the socio-economic implications of utilities policy for citizens. A key issue is the impact of privatization on the relationship between government (state), public enterprises (market) and citizens (society). The study covers the period from the post-war state monopolies to the current circumstances of mixed/private ownership of public enterprises and liberalized markets. The main questions addressed in this book are the following: What is the rationale (legitimization) for government intervention in the utilities sector? What are the politics of nationalization and privatization? How different policy contexts affect the institutional, organizational and regulatory framework of the utilities sector? Who are the key-stakeholders and policy actors? What is the role of citizens? What is the (re)distribution of utilities policy costs and benefits among stakeholders?

scholarly journals Система организации епархиального управления Белорусской автокефальной православной церкви в 1949–1980 гг.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Александр Слесарев ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Organization ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Educational Publishing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Management

The article is devoted to the consideration of the history of the development of the system of diocesan administrations of the unrecognized Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (BAOC). Formed in 1948–1949, the named religious organization over the next several decades was an influential center for the consolidation of the Belarusian post-war Diaspora. The activities of the parishes of the BAOC were not limited to the organization of services and involved the conduct of social, cultural, educational, publishing and other work. In turn, the control, management and coordination of parish activities largely depended on the principles of organizing diocesan administration. On the basis of the study, it is concluded that the volume of administrative powers of the episcopate is gradually reduced and the role of the laity in the administration of dioceses is strengthened. The noted instability of the diocesan structures of the BAOC in the period under review is explained by the high degree of dependence of the diocesan affiliation of parishes on the relationship with a particular hierarch.

Exploring the Role of Adult Learning Theory in Understanding Employees' Participation in Non-Mandatory Training

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-80
Author(s):  
Jayaranjani Sutha
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Adult Learning Theory ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Mandatory Training ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The theme of employees' non-mandatory training participation intention has been viewed as being supported by limited theoretical foundations, specifically expectancy theory of motivation and perceived organizational support theory. Although contributions made by adult learning theory have long been acknowledged, it is important to recognize the unique role it has played by incorporating three theoretical pillars and consequently providing a strong foundation for employees' non-mandatory training participation intention. By identifying the relationship between employees' non-mandatory training participation intention and one of its closely allied fields, viz. adult education, this article argues that it is actually adult learning theory that provides a foundation and linkage for both fields.

Commemorating the Soviet Deportations of 1945 and Community-Building in Post-communist Upper Silesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWA OCHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Collapse Of Communism ◽  
Post War ◽  
Separatist Movement ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article focuses on the remembrance of the deportations of Silesians to the Soviet Union in 1945, undertaken in Upper Silesia, Poland, after the collapse of communism. It explores the relationship between local elite-sponsored official remembrance of the deportations and the formation of regional identity in the context of the Upper Silesia's borderland locality and the post-war population movement. The article also investigates the role of public commemorations of the Silesian past in the construction of a Silesian national identity undertaken by the Silesian separatist movement that gained in popularity against the backdrop of the post-1989 de-industrialisation of the region, Poland's most important centre for coal mining industry.

scholarly journals Cultural intelligence, Age and Prior Travel Experience as Predictors of Acculturative Stress and Depression among International Students Studying in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werede Tareke Gebregergis ◽  
Fei Huang ◽  
Jiangzhong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
International Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
The Relationship

Mental health problems commonly prevail among international students as a result of acculturative difficulties. In light of this, the studyattempted to determine the role of cultural intelligence, age and prior travel experience on acculturative stress and depression and also whether acculturative stress mediatedthe cultural intelligence-depression relationship. 506international university students studying in China completeda battery of tests assessing their cultural intelligence, acculturative stress and depression. Cultural intelligence showed significantly negativecorrelationswith both acculturative stress and depression.  Students’ prior travel experiences and age also significantlycorrelated withboth acculturative stress and depression. Acculturative stress mediated the relationship between cultural intelligence and depression. Implication, limitations and future study directions were discussed as well.

Moderating role of hope in the relationship between perceived discrimination and life satisfaction among left-behind children in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Luming Zhao ◽  
Xiaochen Han ◽  
Shengjun Wu ◽  
Xufeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Children’S Hope Scale

We examined the moderating role of hope in the relationship between perceived discrimination and life satisfaction among left-behind children in China. Participants were 588 left-behind pupils at three rural primary schools, who completed the Children's Hope Scale, the Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire of the Left-Behind Children, and the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale. Results show that there were significant correlations between the perceived discrimination, hope, and life satisfaction of our participants. In addition, hope significantly alleviated the negative effect of perceived discrimination on life satisfaction. We can conclude that perceived discrimination and hope both significantly predicted life satisfaction, and hope moderated the effect of perceived discrimination on life satisfaction among left-behind children in China. Our findings have implications for school teachers and social workers to help reduce left-behind children's hurt resulting from perceived discrimination.

‘The future welfare of the Empire will depend more largely on our women and girls’: Southern Loyalist Women and the British War Effort in Ireland, 1914–1922

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Fionnuala Walsh
Keyword(s):  
War Of Independence ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The First World War ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Post War ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

This chapter examines the participation of Irish women in the war effort during the First World War, exploring the role of war service as an outlet and focus for southern loyalist identity. It analyses the motivations behind women’s war service and the relationship between religion and loyalism, examining for instance the wartime actions of Anglican organisations such as the Mothers’ Union and Girls Friendly Society, together with the partitionist arrangement of war work. The chapter subsequently discusses the post-war experience of southern loyalist women during the War of Independence and Civil War. Drawing upon applications to the Irish Grants Committee, it explores women’s everyday experiences of trauma during the political upheaval and the links between service in the Great War and isolation and intimidation in the war’s aftermath.

‘Action Not Words’: The Conservative Party, Public Opinion and ‘Scientific’ Politics, c.1945–70

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Post War ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract From the late 1950s, Conservative research and policy thinkers underwent a conscious intellectual adjustment, which had profound implications for how the party conceived the relationship between politicians and the public during Edward Heath’s period as Conservative leader after 1965. In response to contemporaneous debates regarding ‘modernization’, and as a result of their engagement with the emergent social sciences, a new generation of Conservatives tended to repudiate the party’s traditional preference for idealist and organicist philosophical assumptions in favour of a rationalistic approach to political administration. Their preoccupation with economic management was concomitant of their loss of faith in the formative role of rhetorical and moral appeals in shaping public opinion. This article, by focusing on debates within the party’s research and political apparatus—the Conservative Research Department, the Conservative Political Centre and Swinton College—will contend that, far from being the last gasp of a post-war consensual Conservatism, Heath’s period as leader marked a relatively unique period in the party’s history, in which the conception of the nature of political leadership held by those at the top of the party differed from the conception held by both their predecessors and successors.

scholarly journals Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Martel ◽  
Gordon Pennycook ◽  
David G. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract What is the role of emotion in susceptibility to believing fake news? Prior work on the psychology of misinformation has focused primarily on the extent to which reason and deliberation hinder versus help the formation of accurate beliefs. Several studies have suggested that people who engage in more reasoning are less likely to fall for fake news. However, the role of reliance on emotion in belief in fake news remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, we explored the relationship between experiencing specific emotions and believing fake news (Study 1; N = 409). We found that across a wide range of specific emotions, heightened emotionality at the outset of the study was predictive of greater belief in fake (but not real) news posts. Then, in Study 2, we measured and manipulated reliance on emotion versus reason across four experiments (total N = 3884). We found both correlational and causal evidence that reliance on emotion increases belief in fake news: self-reported use of emotion was positively associated with belief in fake (but not real) news, and inducing reliance on emotion resulted in greater belief in fake (but not real) news stories compared to a control or to inducing reliance on reason. These results shed light on the unique role that emotional processing may play in susceptibility to fake news.

scholarly journals The Role of Humour in Teaching: Teacher Training Students’ Image of Teacher and Views on Teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Szentes ◽  
Zsófia-Irén Horváth ◽  
Katalin Harangus
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
First Year Teacher ◽  
Institutional Learning ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Teacher Training Students

AbstractA common question in teacher training is what trace is left behind by (many years of) institutional learning, that is, what kind of teacher and teaching image a teacher candidate starts his or her preparation with. The main determinants of becoming a teacher are the experiences gained as a student. The source of their approach and views is personal school experience, which can influence their professional development. In our study, we will discuss how future teachers think about the relationship between humour and school, humour and education. In the initial phase of our study, we asked first-year teacher training students about good and bad teachers in order to gain an insight into their views on teachers’ personality and work. After this, we used metaphor analysis to investigate teacher characteristics/qualities that approached the concept of teacher to novel, humorous-playful images. In this phase of our study, we focused on what effective communication tools they have for dealing with tensions and conflicts and the role of humour and playfulness. Not only research (Tisljár 2011; Lazarus, Role, and Genga 2011) but also everyday experience proves that there are a lot of practices in humour that can be learnt and that can shape personality, logic, and memory. The personality of the teacher cannot be formed, or it is very difficult to form, so teacher training has the potential to assist teacher candidates in acquiring skills that help them develop students’ cognitive and affective abilities in a fun way.

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