The Use of High Resolution X-ray CT and Image Analysis to Quantify Open Porosity Changes after Induced Weathering Tests on Porous Geomaterials

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan DEWANCKELE ◽  
Tim DE KOCK ◽  
Gilles FRONTEAU ◽  
Loes BRABANT ◽  
Marijn BOONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Open Porosity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porosity Changes

scholarly journals A Novel Economical Method of Determining the Geometric Characteristic of the Metal Foam Based on Image Analysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Martin Beer ◽  
Marcela Taušová ◽  
Radim Rybár ◽  
Michal Kaľavský
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Geometric Characteristic ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Energy Absorbers

The presented paper deals with the metal foams, which have a wide application potential ranging from power engineering, through catalysts to impact energy absorbers. The main aim of the paper is to propose an economical non-destructive method of determining the basic characteristics and dimensions using affordable devices. The basic principle of the proposed method lies in the image capture of metal foam and their subsequent analysis in image analysis software. An important element of the work is a comparison of results obtained by the proposed method with results obtained by high-resolution X-ray microtomography. The proposed method was evaluated in terms of measurement uncertainty and propagation of error in overall results. The use of the method is limited to the metal foams, characterized by an ordered structure, which are produced mainly by the electrophoretic deposition process. Based on the descriptive statistical analysis of results, it is possible to state, that the proposed method is in great agreement with accurate, but more expensive high-resolution X-ray microtomography.

Digital analysis of X-ray films

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (406) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Crystal Diffraction ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Cost

AbstractHigh-resolution intensity profiles can be generated from X-ray diffraction films using a desk-top scanner and computer image analysis. The resulting intensity profiles have spatial resolutions equal to, or exceeding that of modern powder diffractometers — at a fraction of the cost. This technique provides an economical way of preserving the information stored in libraries of old (and deteriorating) powder diffraction films. The same technique can also be extended to permit quantitative analysis of single-crystal diffraction films.

Optical image analysis of the novel ultra-lightweight and high-resolution MEMS X-ray optics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mitsuishi ◽  
Y. Ezoe ◽  
U. Takagi ◽  
T. Hayashi ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography: complementary approaches to structural biology and drug discovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Vénien-Bryan ◽  
Zhuolun Li ◽  
Laurent Vuillard ◽  
Jean Albert Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The invention of the electron microscope has greatly enhanced the view scientists have of small structural details. Since its implementation, this technology has undergone considerable evolution and the resolution that can be obtained for biological objects has been extended. In addition, the latest generation of cryo-electron microscopes equipped with direct electron detectors and software for the automated collection of images, in combination with the use of advanced image-analysis methods, has dramatically improved the performance of this technique in terms of resolution. While calculating a sub-10 Å resolution structure was an accomplishment less than a decade ago, it is now common to generate structures at sub-5 Å resolution and even better. It is becoming possible to relatively quickly obtain high-resolution structures of biological molecules, in particular large ones (>500 kDa) which, in some cases, have resisted more conventional methods such as X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Such newly resolved structures may, for the first time, shed light on the precise mechanisms that are essential for cellular physiological processes. The ability to attain atomic resolution may support the development of new drugs that target these proteins, allowing medicinal chemists to understand the intimacy of the relationship between their molecules and targets. In addition, recent developments in cryo-electron microscopy combined with image analysis can provide unique information on the conformational variability of macromolecular complexes. Conformational flexibility of macromolecular complexes can be investigated using cryo-electron microscopy and multiconformation reconstruction methods. However, the biochemical quality of the sample remains the major bottleneck to routine cryo-electron microscopy-based determination of structures at very high resolution.

Optical Image Analysis of the Novel Ultra-Lightweight and High-Resolution MEMS X-Ray Optics

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mitsuishi ◽  
Y Ezoe ◽  
U Takagi ◽  
K Ishizu ◽  
T Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Micro–X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) analysis of proximal impactites: High-resolution element mapping, digital image analysis, and quantifications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim Kaskes ◽  
Thomas Déhais ◽  
Sietze J. de Graaff ◽  
Steven Goderis ◽  
Philippe Claeys
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Analysis Workflow ◽  
Element Mapping

ABSTRACT Quantitative insights into the geochemistry and petrology of proximal impactites are fundamental to understand the complex processes that affected target lithologies during and after hypervelocity impact events. Traditional analytical techniques used to obtain major- and trace-element data sets focus predominantly on either destructive whole-rock analysis or laboratory-intensive phase-specific micro-analysis. Here, we present micro–X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) as a state-of-the-art, time-efficient, and nondestructive alternative for major- and trace-element analysis for both small and large samples (up to 20 cm wide) of proximal impactites. We applied µXRF element mapping on 44 samples from the Chicxulub, Popigai, and Ries impact structures, including impact breccias, impact melt rocks, and shocked target lithologies. The µXRF mapping required limited to no sample preparation and rapidly generated high-resolution major- and trace-element maps (~1 h for 8 cm2, with a spatial resolution of 25 µm). These chemical distribution maps can be used as qualitative multi-element maps, as semiquantitative single-element heat maps, and as a basis for a novel image analysis workflow quantifying the modal abundance, size, shape, and degree of sorting of segmented components. The standardless fundamental parameters method was used to quantify the µXRF maps, and the results were compared with bulk powder techniques. Concentrations of most major elements (Na2O–CaO) were found to be accurate within 10% for thick sections. Overall, we demonstrate that µXRF is more than only a screening tool for heterogeneous impactites, because it rapidly produces bulk and phase-specific geochemical data sets that are suitable for various applications within the earth sciences.

Electron microscopy of rabbit FC crystals

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 730-731
Author(s):  
Robert A. Grant ◽  
Laura L. Degn ◽  
Wah Chiu ◽  
John Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Replacement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Replacement Technique ◽  
Hydrated Crystal ◽  
Molecular Structure Analysis

Proteolytic digestion of the immunoglobulin IgG with papain cleaves the molecule into an antigen binding fragment, Fab, and a compliment binding fragment, Fc. Structures of intact immunoglobulin, Fab and Fc from various sources have been solved by X-ray crystallography. Rabbit Fc can be crystallized as thin platelets suitable for high resolution electron microscopy. The structure of rabbit Fc can be expected to be similar to the known structure of human Fc, making it an ideal specimen for comparing the X-ray and electron crystallographic techniques and for the application of the molecular replacement technique to electron crystallography. Thin protein crystals embedded in ice diffract to high resolution. A low resolution image of a frozen, hydrated crystal can be expected to have a better contrast than a glucose embedded crystal due to the larger density difference between protein and ice compared to protein and glucose. For these reasons we are using an ice embedding technique to prepare the rabbit Fc crystals for molecular structure analysis by electron microscopy.

High Resolution Study of Polytypism: Application to SiC and Au3 Mn

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. Van Tendeloo ◽  
J. Van Landuyt ◽  
S. Amelinckx
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Resolution Study ◽  
The Ideal

Polytypism has been studied for a number of years and a wide variety of stacking sequences has been detected and analysed. SiC is the prototype material in this respect; see e.g. Electron microscopy under high resolution conditions when combined with x-ray measurements is a very powerful technique to elucidate the correct stacking sequence or to study polytype transformations and deviations from the ideal stacking sequence.

A High Resolution Study of G.P. Zones in Aluminum - 4.2 at % Silver

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 722-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Study

The phenomenon of clustering in Al-Ag alloys has been extensively studied since the early work of Guinierl, wherein the pre-precipitation state was characterized as an assembly of spherical, ordered, silver-rich G.P. zones. Subsequent x-ray and TEM investigations yielded results in general agreement with this model. However, serious discrepancies were later revealed by the detailed x-ray diffraction - based computer simulations of Gragg and Cohen, i.e., the silver-rich clusters were instead octahedral in shape and fully disordered, atleast below 170°C. The object of the present investigation is to examine directly the structural characteristics of G.P. zones in Al-Ag by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

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